ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL, SHANKAR VIHAR

SUMMER HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

SESSION 2023-24
CLASS – X, SUBJECT-SCIENCE

BIOLOGY:
Q1. Due to availability of less water, how does the plant cope up with lack of water in desert
conditions?
Q2. Name the pigment present in plants, which can absorb solar energy.
Q3. What is the source of oxygen in photosynthesis?
Q4. Why does leaf appear green?
Q5. What is the role of light in photosynthesis?
Q 6. Name the site of photosynthesis.
Q7. Draw the diagram of cross – section of a lead and label the following in it:
a. Chloroplast
b. Guard cell
c. Lower epidermis
d. Upper epidermis
Q8. How does nutrition takes place in Amoeba? How is ‘respiration’ different from ‘breathing’?
Explain the process of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
3. Explain the schematic representation of gaseous exchange in tissues.
4. What is the significance of emulsification of fats?
6. Why is the small intestine in herbivores larger than in carnivores?
7. Explain the process by which inhalation occurs during breathing in human beings?
In the human alimentary canal, name the site of complete digestion of various components of
food. Explain the process of digestion.
8. "The breathing cycle is rhythmic whereas exchange of gases is a continuous process". Justify
this statement.

CHEMISTRY
PART- A

To be done in classwork notebook(write OR paste the questions.)

Q1. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide (black),
oxygen gas and a brown gas X is formed:
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identify the type of reaction.
(d) What will be the nature of aqueous solution of the gas X?
Q2. A compound x reacts with a gas y that smells like rotten eggs to give a black ppt and a
compound z write the chemical equation and identify x,y,z
Q3. A element x reacts with a gas y that smells like rotten eggs to give a black ppt and a
compound z write the chemical equation and identify x,y,z
Q4. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment, but after being plucked from the plant can be
fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a physical
change?
Q5. Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution of a gas having a characteristic odour of
burning sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and identify the type of reaction.
Q6. A solution of potassium chloride, when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble white
substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type of the
chemical reaction?
Q7. A substance X, an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the cement industry. This
element is present in bones also. On treatment with water, it forms a solution which turns red
litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical reactions involved.
Q8. Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles?
Q9. When zinc granules are treated with a dilute solution of H 2SO4, HCI, HNO3, NaCl and NaOH.
Write the chemical equations if a reaction occurs.
Q10. A white precipitate is obtained when adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous
sodium sulphite solution.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved
(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white residue disappears. Why?
PART- B
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING PRACTICALS IN YOUR PRACTICAL FILE
A. Finding the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator:
● Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
● Dilute NaOH solution
● Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution
● Lemon juice
● Water
● Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution
B. Studying the properties of acids and bases (HCl & NaOH) on the basis of their reaction with:
● Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
● Zinc metal
● Solid sodium carbonate
C. Performing and observing the following reactions and classifying them into:

a. Combination reaction i) Action of water on quicklime

b. Decomposition reaction ii) Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals

c. Displacement reaction iii) Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution

d. Double displacement iv) Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium

reaction chloride solutions

PHYSICS:

(A)Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Q1 Assertion(A) : The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies outside its reflecting
surface.
Reason (R) : The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This sphere has
a centre.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror after
reflection, is reflected back along the same path.
Reason (R) : The incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to the reflecting surface.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Light does not travel in the same direction in all the media.
Reason (R) : The speed of light does not change as it enters from one transparent medium to
another.
Q.4. Assertion(A) : The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray.
Reason (R) : The extent of bending of the ray of light at the opposite parallel faces (air- glass
interface and glass-air interface) of the rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite.
Q.5. Assertion(A) : A ray of light travelling from a rarer medium to a denser medium slows down
and bends away from the normal. When it travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it
speeds up and bends towards the normal.
Reason (R) : The speed of light is higher in a rarer medium than a denser medium.

(B)ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. Can a plane mirror be called a spherical mirror? justify your answer.
2. A man standing in front of a spherical mirror, finds his image having a very small head, a fat
body and legs of normal size. What type of mirrors are used in these 3 parts?
3. The angle between the incident ray and mirror is 40 .
i) what is the angle of angle of incidence?
ii) what is the angle of angle of reflection?
4.Explain why a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror gets
reflected along the same path after reflection.

5. What is the magnification produced by a plane mirror?

6 Which property of a concave mirror is used to use them for search lights?

7 .Distinguish between a real image and virtual image.

8. A truck uses a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 2 m. a car coming behind the truck
is at a distance of 10m . what will be the position of the image of the car and size of the car
when observed by the truck driver in his rear view mirror?

9.A 2cm high object is placed at a distance of 32cm from a concave mirror. The image is real,
inverted and 3cm in size. find the focal length of the mirror and position where the image is
formed.
10. what should be the position of the object when a concave mirror is to be used
i) as a shaving mirror
ii) as a doctor’s mirror.
Draw a ray diagram for both the cases.

(C) COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING PRACTICALS IN YOUR PRACTICAL FILE :

1. To determine the focal length of (i) concave mirror (ii) convex lens by obtaining the image
of a distant object.
2. To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different
angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of
emergence and interpret the result.