200130117006_PLC

Experiment: 1
Aim: Understanding of PLC Hardware and introduction to PLC Trainer kit.
1) Architecture of PLC
2) Features of PLC Trainer kit and I/O Connection diagram
3) Data sheet of S7-1200 series PLC-1214C
Theory:
The Programmable logic controller is a control equipment has been widely in use. Since last
many years initially PLCs performed only relay equivalent functions. In the past few years
PLCs have gone through a rather dramatic revolution. In the past few years PLC’s have gone
through a rather dramatic revolution in terms of capabilities and areas of applications. Now
PLCs have gone into areas where process computers were the only solution.
Basic functions of PLC: The PLC is drastically used for control applications as in special;
purpose machines for milling, drilling, packing machines etc. and for plant process control.
Therefore in short, PLC can be used for any application concerned with automation.
Then depending on the logic written in the PLC’s logic memory, certain decision are taken by
the PLC. Depending on the decisions taken, certain output like contractors(for driving
motors), solenoids(for linear movement), lamp (for indications), valves(flow control) etc. are
driven by the PLC (using its output cards).

Panel description:

Power Switch It is provided in mains circuit and is mounted on the panel

Power It is on the panel
Indicator
Digital Input 14 ST5 Input terminal DI0.0 to DI0.7 & DI1.2 to DI1.7
Digital Output 10 ST5 Output terminal DQ 0. To DQ0.7 & DQ1.0 to DQ1.1
Analog Input 2 channel analog input
Analog 1 channel analog output
Output
Input Devices 4 NO type pushbutton charged with 24V dc
5 SPST Toggle switches charged with 24V dc
Output 6 24V operated pilot lamps & 1 24V DC operated Hooter with lamp
devices provided on panel
Voltage and One 0-10 V & one 4-20mA current source is provided on panel
Current
Sources
Digital One 0-10V volt voltmeter& one 4-20mA ammeter is provided on panel
Voltmeter
and Ammeter
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Experiment: 2
Aim: Develop ladder program for Logic gates.
a) AND, OR, NOT gate
b) NAND, NOR gate
c) X-OR gate
Theory: A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for digital circuits. They perform
basic logic functions that are fundamental to digital circuits. Most electronic devices we use
today will have some form of logic gates in them. For ex, logic gates can be used in
technologies such as smartphone, tablets or within memory devices.
Basic logic gates: AND, OR,NOT, NOR, NAND,XOR, XNOR
1. AND

2. OR

3. NOT

4. NAND

5. NOR
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6. XOR

Simulation: iTRiLOGI Version 7.52

Conclusion:
In this experiment, we have developed ladder logic program. Above simulation indicates
ladder diagram(left) and output window to obtain verify the results. The logic gates: AND,
OR, NAND, NOR and XOR are in this order.
This was simple, yet important experiment where we got to know about basics of ladder
diagram.
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Experiment: 3
Aim : To develop a ladder program for DOL starter.
Objective:-
1. To understand working of DOL starter
2. Develop a ladder program for starting an electrical motor using DOL starter
Theory:

Working of Direct-On-Line (DOL) starter: One method of starting electric motors is using direct
on line (DOL) or across the line starter. In this method full line voltage is applied to the motor
terminals. This is simplest type of motor starter. An electrical wiring diagram for single phase
DOL starter is shown below.

A DOL motor starter contains fuse and over load relay (OLR) for protection purpose. The
starter can be contain momentary contact or maintained contact push buttons. The example
considered here is momentary contact push buttons. For starting purpose normally open (NO)
push button is preferred whereas normally closed (NC) push button is used to stop the motor.
The excessive supply voltage drop causing high inrush current is the criteria to limit the use
of DOL starter. Conveyor motors, water pumps are the applications where DOL starters are
used.

Procedure:

Problem Statement: To start a motor using DOL starter . The simple P&I ; diagram for this
problem is as below.
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Listing of Input and Output devices: Inputs: PB1- To start the motor PB2- To stop the motor
Output: M1- Motor

Sequence of Events :

When Start push button (PB1) is pressed, Motor (M1) has to start.

If Start pushbutton (PB1) is released and Stop pushbutton (PB2) is not pressed, Motor (M1)
should remain on.

When Stop push button (PB2 is pressed, Motor (M1) has tol stop.

If stop push button is released and start is not pressed (released) motor shouldl remain off.

The Boolean equation to represent this sequence is

The ladder diagram to implement these equations is shown below.

As the momentary contact push buttons are used here, the condition of PB1 is maintained
through contact of coil C1. This contact is called as latching contact. The same sequence of
event can be executed by using latch and unlatch instruction in the following way

Conclusion: In this experiment we developed ladder program for DOL starter using vlab.
DOL- Direct on line motor starting is when a motor is started with full line voltage applied to
motor terminals.
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Simulation:

Source: VLab- https://plc-coep.vlabs.ac.in/exp/dol-starter/index.html

Case: 1 When input bit is toggled for the latch

200130117006_Exp 3.1

Case 2: When again input bit is toggled output remains latched

200130117006_Exp 3.2

Case 3: When input bit of unlatched rung is set; output gets de-energized

200130117006_Exp 3.3
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Experiment- 4

Aim: Develop a ladder program for ON/OFF applications

a) Standard start-stop seal circuit using latch- unlatch(set-reset) instruction.

b) Forward- reverse control of motor
c) Alarm system
d) There are three machines, each with its own start-stop buttons. Only one may run at
a time. Provide interlocking.

Theory:

In control theory, an on–off controller is a feedback controller that switches abruptly

between two states.

It is often used as a control method for a process which can tolerate an ongoing, changing
band of change, referred to as the hysteresis.

A very common example for temperature are residential thermostats. They control the
temperature of your home, turning off at your comfort setting, then after some significant
change occurs, and they turn on again to eliminate that difference.

The process cycles continually.

On/Off control applications are simplest circuitry with minimal logic and interpretation, yet
it has significance in your system.

PLC can be utilised in home automation at an appropriate scale. Flashing Light Controlling
System, Automatic Door Opening/Closing System, Remote Monitoring Application like Air
compressor (AC), Fan. ON/OFF Switching Application like Light, Motor, and more daily life
applications of PLC.
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Simulation:

1. Standard start-stop seal circuit using latch- unlatch(set-reset) instruction.

2. Forward- reverse control of motor

i) In forward direction
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ii) In reverse direction

3. Alarm System:
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4. There are three machines, each with its own start-stop buttons. Only one may run
at a time. Provide interlocking.

Conclusion:

In this experiment, we developed logic ladder diagram for on/off applications using PLC.
Ladders can be manipulated wisely to obtain desired results. We realised correct usage of
NO, NC and Output module while developing ladder.
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Experiment: 5

Aim: Develop ladder program from given process description.

i) When SW1 is closed, CR1 goes on. After CR1 goes on, SW2 can turn CR2 on. When CR2
goes on, PL1 goes off.

ii) Thermostats are set at 55, 60, 65 °C. Three heaters to be on below 55 °C, 2 heaters
between 55 & 60 °C, and only one heater between 60 & 65 °C. Thermostat for 70 °C is used
as safety shut off. A master switch turns the system on and off.
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iii) Drill Press Operation:

a) System On & Pilot light

b) Shield down: Even if IN0001 switch is turned down Pilot mode remains on
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c) Drill Motor Motion

d) Drill Down

iv) Stamping Operation with position sensors on conveyor

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Conclusion: In this experiment, we have developed ladder logic diagram as an application

centric. We have successfully interfaced our theoretical knowledge with applied form. Our
concepts have been furnished through this experiment.