" IMPURITIES PRESENT IN G. UpghGuled QuidrauneGa wrecGungt.sorer Oil, Wax, Protein, Mineral matters, Natural colouring matter, wig Ager) wrlGurGLsmne 21, almssct, Ap gisshast wig cmrhy olmgach Cura Guigisst UGsH Groen, genlacland Bos@uo. Cwaxd uray (WARP) grovsct chersdsriule Cossenps gibyseusians megey sey Gagui seas AuiuGdems. Bsns somata) sPGsluguts UsELGuTgeTat acres. SaiseiuGasing.. Qs sedis Lwo\Gurgaiter — Grostionowen 103i Qoomissereat Beofsst suTRLUBHG (psu BIEsG sous — siswiGamnuLessit — eoisdsv4sy CangiyiOurG cond, Yogi UTBSIESL CUGLseb sii smaumEid. Gwgud cotton fibre « ginning, spinning wppi weaving process safe Gung ouods lope gi Logs oumisce tongs APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF RAW COTTON : COMPONENT Qssdgyrorer ytugid emp gags aumuyiQur sigLGurgtssi MissiGemis wbpi AenigiyoCurestssit Pectate etc., Bujos ateiGurgtsst unpub. OBJECTS OF SINGEING: Singeing process gpaub gexfisailes UPsash Gafsss abpols unig SHAILOULGsion srpomisepbane 1. gimisade COMPOSITION % BY WEIGHT 80 85 6-8 1-28 =18 0.5 -1.0 0.4: - 1.0 Copiyiie SOsAAsriNGsod Ago GHuLMod FsGaCswrgw. Beach slip SSsquGaepea. Bede Gursitsmowster GuougLmuuyd. Csrpnsgmsys AenGlusians QetiuiiGesoings (Even surface and appearance) 2. Satin, Sateen, Poplin wipd asdelorgifiac Curdnma omasatcr Gopusiy Qusitonowne Boiusis why Cupngy. ner Gureiy guawflsenn —singeing AeiuMCALI Gonsoiss Comps oYiEiprasstE QOD. Gupaupspansag Ootwoudseings 4. Mercerising Qruxunugo OswuLUGsisnngy. 3. Pri ee) BiaAlsese finishing process OsuIy UMS gupeisrar snow (raw and matted) 5G uMUMLY saw GCupAsenEond bp Ung yosciact gtluure Opfagiersoyd Oniuiuddisin gsme ‘TYPES OF SINGEING MACHINES LYain singeing machine J1.Fabrie singeing machine 1 Plate singeing machine 2. Roller singeing machi 3.Gas singeing machine. GAS SINGEING MACHINE Gas singeing process wbenpus ID process senmédsmpand esd Fpiry cunissseneib. Bibs machine aysngs BE GL Gatton parts seen Gestoain sired. 1. Pre drying cylinder 2. Gas bumers 3. Draw rollers or Drag rollers 4, Guide rollers 5. Water trough or Steam box or quench box E.WATER TROUGH 1. PRE DRYING CYLINDER: sistent GSS aDHaiQuTe AILUBAMS GauniBuppasned. Far sousbssiled pre — drying cylinder - 61 qp&unoner Carsnoousrongs |sDes GPL heating cylinder-set gimfsasr spb whgud machine sefie capacity Qu Gurpéay wonpUGw. } 2. GAS BURNERS: @s Guéiste> 2 (ps 6 Utetiss UUSUBSSLUTEDB. 9m Aa spUtsaicd § LioIEEDd ULdUBSSIUsDDE. Bbs bumer ash guetsaider Qounyd singeing SELGupd amsuled Sedat Gsieng! gielemm psp. oeEsrpz6ed a$5 Agwrer agdatisas evr Goseied AryssuurCasiGo. SLUGunhwumenssair wig coal gas -si SomamusesTeIG GuiuGdng. SUUMBuier — oimay Baksed ZUOUPsgd Ao eu scion srporeng sibs swnssipe singeing CrmoudAspGsr seACapU wn oomoggis Canotonoond. 3. DRAW ROLLERS OR DRAG ROLLERS: Machine -« gimfash Asedgxo unomguyd Sis Busupb draw rollers pmb GaausmiuGepE. sine) roller-cenid CGeArCoase motor —epord QusssuGesngs. Draw roller —si qpeiyy water spraying pipe sot acine. Assi womans SUCuMPBend gilaeosS obs og unin) youmosd UrBeruBbsresu aMps Cuno ushéah smbusdech genfsafier ooumiLtcr ues Boba Keoasiow uwsingapgy, 4. CLOTH GUIDE ROLLERS: SooMssnengs 2 ckSgid 2 Gmeaatiedr ose: Guide roller-seh oyfunes Aseogud. ib Guide rollersafed gesiev rollerasch Wpsign sien BEG ag slm.ozgichongy Bie rollermsci ayers Gelesh apse Aedromod opHmL.u sisagso Asorgud ANpSBO somowisOurdasiangs. Bhs Guide roller-set ayongy Gas burning section-6 9G 5 Bib Quimsing. Bo sxmwiumengy sufibgy embusoren Pdsmeupd win Ep@GUUC Gurflsmsnupd Gousieurrond aegiH6d oomopgssiongs. 5. WATER TROUGH OR STEAM BOX(OR) QUENCH BOX: Jzpapy: cs;s ‘neps' CUrsipapHe GpGL4s Cun simamumos Guogims sig Geedgud. BLCunsiseom Simomiupiide water trough sisdeg1 gle Gas singeing machine «> draw roller &@ Wenn Sonewréss6ed steam chamber-ct ouplumes genic Gssdgub. BBs chamber-sd epsupid soup Bors) EmO‘S ssssH BGsGb. Bis coimotunengy OBGLYL —Qunflsenen PMMLUEIGS UUSUCE DS. AoSurs genlsorag wHssLULG GS process he AGS QrcrocuBaipgy, MERITS : 1. Qs opp WapsemdL Bat Anbos. 2. @ibe machine-od ersdeor ouemasuimengy gieniesoonuyd process Aeiousies gbmany Sulor FIG] Cos Sunny GedsSuions CLUB s wwgupd. aC Bg) asdoor aimsusnenr fabric -semenuyb process Osuinsi6 gYypaE se 3, Bet qos Fynon singcing po Cupaéngy « 4. Warp and weft UsiaiGenchen Bu sed oso ustonb Cure DEMERITS : |. thm Yousmm oA saiged Suigegd amiiyes Bs wpenmild ower a stongs. wl2. Bix machine Be costly eysnss a PRECAUTION IN GAS SINGEING MACHINE: 1, Singeing machine -) giefact a.siGm pats Gurus. amg igi Gas-sit somauutag afurg Gumggib bumer Ses Gasigud Gas aig sromsBau SL GOULD SSULGAing. 2. Machine 2gong1 exhaust fan ison Guosdusiyy epintLer BGsGI. Qedroraigsy gra Guigtsmensd sotsch uTBsEOUBD. 3. Singeing pm GupAmpL UTOUGIG Copurnt somasmy gQeiered GuIBSELUL 9GsS Corssx@id. 4, Singeing Qnimgps wpsuns gaaisomongs psig 2 oiSSOUYGSH CoatGd 5. Singeing ayer —guawlzafeh temperature —senon 2. L@s|LeH thermo-control won pyrometer 2 satus opm oussings 6. gissfl machine-o) Gesdgud Gouswonsags speed counter-si apd simbsiur Cask GL. 7. Bumer-s) Qs@ialet imay, protein fibre-senee cellulosic fibre-oiL Semper Qose GConosin Gro. DESIZIN gisfinaied 2_cion (fed seosumTp starch materials sie serguyd Qurge.sens wonbs eed wmpure. PURPOSE OF DESIZING Sizing -semenicd sxsiumigsons starch, Wax wpgub tallow 2 sioner, Gena: wimanseud qiorfiect Apis mew warp-yan-s) 2 sioner, Genasst simengsonguuyb SMsoOGE SLM faCasiGd Gedmoruated sng sugw dyeing wigrd printing process efiuns Qodarg! . wax wppib tallow Bona Gsm igs ayessigus scouring process-s gé&miuGelpgs . Starch wi.Gib desizing uparnuied SainGdng). CLASSIFICATION OF METHODS OF DESIZING Methods of desizing Hydrolytic methods Oxidative methods ere i i Rotsteep Acid steep Enzyme steep Chlorite — Bromite. Peroxide Hydrolytic methods + starch hydrolysis Qewwincg giied soup Cungemre irbdpiucG ssnoudengsOxidative methods © starch oxidise QeuwOULG geo semgud GungGLemns wniniulG sostuGsng ROT STEEPING afc waren PADDING MANGLE Padding mangle s> 400C Gauiugfrouled ft aGSg GaneteniwlG, wished pimfurongs pad Qeuuiualngs, Bo rollers G Borrused OraydsturG 100% expression a stioneungy UPuLugaingr 1 Aedont 24 went Cond srekéf Asryud maselUBSpE . SALT! sed a siton Berepuifest ucda Guga enzymes se ageing). Gonou starch materials g s6Med sarpuyd Cungcsmnna wmpyémgs. J sient gion peite sivetnx.G starch materials gSatuGsps ACID STEEP. "08% HClorIns04 ROOM TEMPERATURE PADDING MANGLE7 Dilute sulphuric acid (or) hydrochloric acid ayangs starch-g giana Boss! Brepsoors Gass LUsmexBogs. 0.25% (w/v) solution eyengs room terperature —6b starches remove Gmiiws Gursnonensire 9 stongy. Padding mangle 6 simp GauLusensoulod A\ Gg GaretoniuG, syed gemfunengr pad rules Be rollers &B Gerulsd GapyssuUcG 100% expression a_sienaurgy UpwcuGsipgss + Ushent $12 oss Gppid srehdft Ogncguisd madaiuGaing .Acid uppw starch Gnas saiGid Gouefenon(Hydrolysis) starch materials gg s6fied Semyuyd GuIGLamns wipe IE) CaPalenen Cousens Qaateuyppdings. Qaerred gieastion temperature syns! aAsisdne. 9G Sar soumisaie 50° segs Gadding. Os oPetugunen Omiugsgentsd Sigpaone psd ani sient gueofl Being, eivaissL.G solubilised starch materials SasiuGsinss ADVANTAGES 1. Gsmanubn ero aengunorang! seitbsLuGee. 2. Rotsteep method-@ sf. Wasdinbs WWHBUTED - 3. BbS onward Gaps GrorkaunGd DISADVANTAGES 1. PROCESS pexGupid Guregg: gienfusrarg: snjpgicd expose Geulysnsd acid-sit concentration agents: gif Grp simu amiiymong. Boss soltbs Beis PmasiULL STG OUBMSTSAsToHG Gelso HIG ep overi Gd . 2. Gaiuiinn sPafdanod Bets isu send Epona. ENZYMATIC DESIZING Desizing enzyme -eyengs oimacer Seo.AGWD ousnmiied sumsluBiysuul Gstongs DESIZING ENZYMES ANIMAL TABLE EX: NOVOFERMOSOL MALT EXTRACT BACTTERIAL EX: DIASTOFOR EX: RAPIDASEPROCESS OF F. (YMATIC DESIZING ge Rot steeping method-gqu GureGa enzyme ash starch Gumpcseen liquefy «yes enzymatic 7 desizing process gd pen Gupangs. Diastafor Guncigy Enzyme sat (made from malt extract) : inc chloride Gursig Gungcasn sizing mixture-cd antimildew agent us Bose Guns desizing peo Guprgs rab Scena isa ieee PADDING MANGLE_ Grey cloth sys1g: wppated hot water sme Ue Pad 1B mangle 6 60-70 C Geuiuflonsvuied 0.5%-2% malt extract solution and 1-3 gpl Calcium chloride agai CanchioniulG siGed gixfumong: pad Cotmcudsmgi. grey cloth gg uppsorevgre hot water — : ©) Bmontuge snysmid malt extract bath-sr temperature GmpUMDa BeLushsrew. Malt extract gags Gib temperature -o aig Carmo Gouvuyd. ¥ Bo rollers eq Qer.ude AoaysstuG 100% expression xcimaungy UPwoUGsps + eiont 24 wow Epi anehéfe Asmcguied massluGeng . shAuTuggi enzymes starch materials 2g ied somqun Gurgtsonns wonppalpes Geren gion pst S\eLULG co starch materials gbscuGelnes DESIZING CONDITIONS ; ENZYME CONCENTRATION(@1) __temperature(0c) ph Malt Extract 3-20 30-60 “75 Pancreatic 13 50-60 6.5-7.5 ‘ Bacterial 05-1 60-70 55-75q athumen panpuSed temperature —guad pHugh maintain Gevtysred pedo apempuled desizing gent Gumib.. : ADVANTAGES : 1. Fabric aumaaenren drill, satin, sateen Gunaipmausate® agaremouurengy rot steeping method gg agirésdlerpgy. ayonncd Enzymtic desizing-o) peter upampuied desizing se. Gupaipas. 2. Rot steep method ~gUiBunor Bed mildew uNHLYyassit BHeocusmgy 3.Desizing process ayers: malt extract Gani GauubGumepss Gurgiene 3-4hrs on Guu stronger solution UWsLuGSENGUTEQS! BSS Gppoisg GapssouGAvss. 4, Enzymatic action ayengy starch gg 10: hydrolyse Gsm. ysaned cellulose -&— ure ty oouLngs. 5. Even desizing pan GuBsings. DISADVANTAGES: 1. sfusrex (pempuied temperature wiped pH @edersvdwiaicd desizing arensvusnang, SUBS . (75°cG Ewer Enzyme sot Cewodpbs Cursing. asa Bs side soem Spano. 2. Desizing, scouring and bleaching adwaryen 9G Gay ate Goums Bussorgs 3. Gsisosy sisletb. CONTINUOUS DESIZING : stronger solution enzyme o> padding mangle «) pesndauuclt gimlusnargs winch fos 6561 Gseiux.G sloping bottom axfurs GeassLUGdns. BGs cloth exer wavy shape 245 urging. Une genhurens guide roller cxfuns steam chamber he aGbe1 AsHOUULG, 1B Up| siesfusrongy washing machine He aBSgi GasdoruGermgs. Winch Gr empburesBed Bobs washing section HG Gesdgnd Ess Smis y@id . Steam chamber © gisriule Gouin 2wiseLULG, Gowvbs CoxssHe lesizing so Cumseings. ADAVANTAGES 1 Batch variation pQSacuBeSnes. 2. apusd spafsdng. 3. Labours Genpay 4. Gnd Ganpaings 5. overheads esmpahngs DISADVANTAGES 1. Investment agaiSCOURING lo Scouring asiugs material 39 @ebgi oil , Wax , Fats,proteins,mineral matters usa added impurities like mutton tallow.mincral oils ausmesenen SéemuGswuT Bb OBJECTS OF SCOURING 1. Scouring process -- sb oils, fats, waxes wxpgnd soluble impurities syafussnsy BSevUGsips.. Desizing Upe@id guswhuled fat wogrd wax awe Qosseiner. Qmor Ganfuler oGehaid seiomomn urpsamg. Beene gegren dyeing , printing, finishing Aworsspgs. aonsuurs Bp impurities-g scouring process qpexb GSsUUGADS! 2. sGsswre gionfulsr aged getononu si@wfiuugiars scouring process GeutmsinGeSive. KIER BOILING Grey cloth yong desizing gps pe scouring process Gauimpiene boilerod sGsgsOsrsionixGsing1. ib doiler-sdalkaline liquor snekG gre wig glonesct Gas madssiugddper boiler ag kier acipempdsiugdne giesaler sysenp0 Gurgias_kier-cd liquor-ar temperature, pressure, composition, duration of boiling sSwensu tonpuGseiryen MECHANISM OF SCOURING Kier boiling Gung: ipsa reaction -ssr pm Gupéipes - 1, Saponifiable vegetable oils syongs soap ays mpg. Béiefiensn Saponification asx SenpseLupspss 2, Miner! oils and waxes are emulsified 3. Proteins yong: hydrolysis «ya soluble product ys wraps 4, Simpler amino compound sigs hydrolysis gy ammonia ane wngueings 5. Pectose wigub pectin ayengs pectic Gwin Guiéiges soluble salt 24 wnguaipgs. 6, Mineral matters sisvoumb sengebing 7. Dirt particles remove eysings. Saponification Vegeatble oils eyongy glycerides of fatty acids aeib. Genes oe Gouluparsvuisd hydrolysis al fatty acid ayeoud glycerin aymano w3fAmg!. Bouiyfled fled esenguyd. fatty acid eueigs sodium hydroxide ato oSenex ufibe: soluble soap wignb sone wonpuedngy. Qeiaensx Saponification aex SmpdatuGdog OIL9Glycerides of fatty acid > Fatty acid + Glycerin (water misceble) Fatty acid + Sodium hydroxide-——+ Soluble sodium salt(SOAP) + waterTYPES OF KIERS Kier qs: SganaLu. agoimoiy Quads) dbssiamp amatubssemb 4 1. Vertical Kier 2. Horizondal kier, Betinacr onayiens Gung! SpROKLegy suenslaGsyearme 1Rope form kiers 2.Openwidth kiers AFWALGd QSSAOS GUIGSH Spasirarg amavuGssenw 1. Open or atmospheric pressure Kier 2. High pressure kier Heating arrangement @ Guraées ShasiLanp smsiuGssoomd 1, Direct heating Kier 2. Indirect heating kier VERTICAL HIGH PRESSURE KIER @ibs vessel ayengy closed type sywtb. Open vessel-sd liquor xyengy atmosp reric presse boil end. Closed vessel-sb liquor agsags high pressure-sb 100° ¢ 4 @iosd buil eyesth Gurgians kier agi o.Gater sips Gana . Gesusit cast pron (or) stainless steel sero Gera sunhestUcLeneib. 68 eGo anger tank od SuLUTEdDd Boss: 18" &G Cus false bottom asiy site gery a shongs. Vessel ot eouxsue Bude 4.5“ diameter asian central vomit pipe quengy kier ot mu snes Dobe Coed Bpndd SimodsluLyGSSw. yeh Ciosd upped curved bafMle plate e_stiongy. Kier ot Gopyp qoguisr GysiG manholes asingy. Govino suyleus fabric xyorg1 esi@en OrauieuGsog. Puffer pipe ge apf giewisennengs pats pack GauimGEng). Leda alkali solution PyLUGULG steam acid AsrssluGspg. shGus Air cock Sobs BPesoiisd @oreeul direct steam aci@ar GrgubsiwlG Cwed usted acho ocygen GsueriBus SommuLuGang.. erent direct steam 2siGm Gemyseimms SusdalL@ air cock YLiLgens. Wppoureugss Ossdpnd steam syeng) liquor @ boil Gait LUKUGdmg. Bysonred steam condense ey gyre wong volume of the liquor 1 sigasfascbingy. syonra\ kier -s0 liquor QOS WYAGOTG Ppiulucrygsgd Osos siGsiriguner hydraulic pressure egongs a Gardings. eigia pressure gauge -od sSTLLULGW. pressure ayeng1 2oxtemwwnen steam pressure sic0so. steam pressure Ques: ois Geparmgns Beso. foHIGH PRESSURE KIER ~( A- KIER VESSEL B-FALSE BOTTOM C- CENTRAL PIPE D-SPREADER E-ALKALI CHAMBER F- INJECTOR G-~ PRESSURE GAUGE H- SAFETY VALVE 1- STEAM REGULATOR J-STAND 10-4 1213 Kier ungioniy Soom 1:6 pressure 2 uGursuuDseuuddng. 1sreve) workir g pressure 60 Ib/sq in arsinpned Kier aysngy 360 Ib. sq in PmomudsmiGd oma Boss CosirGo, Boiling point -gy sieoLgsajst steam ayengy bubble out yd false bottom sw FEip aLatten liquor ~g puffer pipe ot qpoubd CoB sigpinying). 1g) curved baffle plate ot gs UCG kier sd loading Gaui material 6 adgoaimgy. Caustic soda solution ayengs Gtogisurss Biosoft uPGu maGasle Gesiqy false bottom anfuns Sp Orsi WesiGw recirculate AeiuiuGsng. Boepaptw yarn, loosely woven cloth wp knit ed fal ssh yess s5ebo (panmuled open kier od atmospheric pressure ~e0 scouring Gauinutns lng. RECIPEES OF CAUSTIC SCOURING IN KIERS: Caustic soda :2-3% Sodium silicate 20.15 ~ 1.0% Sodium carbonate 0.5-1.0% Welting agent 0.1% Material to liquor ratio 1:4tol:5 Temperature 130°C at 2 kg/cm? pressure Duration 8-10hrs 1 ICAL KHER WIT ERNAL HEATER Kier 6 gf 2.qarm eugey vessel astiongs. @enavact cast pron (or) stainless steel sane Canst® surfésiulL ered. 65 xgemm ays tank d syiures ie Aobs 18" se Guns) false bottom sip smmoiy gsig acimg. Beds sib 2cion ued) alkali chamber cet sinpes UBSps. Qpensi centrifugal pump st suction valve Gurgspiut Getrongy. pump ot delivery pipe @@ external heater spot Gssvallngs Heater 60 high pressure steam( 2Kyem2) OasroiG 1300 stanafied heat CaimiuGengs. sient solution ayers kier ot aston sprayer ge simLg) sist qpoud spray GaumiuGsmgs. Pressure gauge and thermometer wpptb safety valve 2yiusnas Gung LLC Gots gist kier spot pete pack GeuwiutLaysr, pump operate QeuwiuGang. Aircock She Borouied Figs Ss circulate GeumouGsg. BLGumupgs steam e.gana kier pst ashen oxygen gy GaiaN@u geil remove Asuushpgs. erent air cock close GsuwOULG circulation Ggmutisg 68 hours 2kp/cm2 pressure wpe 130 oC temperature 6) smi QupapB.VERTICAL KIER WITH MULTITUBULAR HEATER ro F A-KIER VESSEL B- FALSE BOTTOM c-LD D- ALKALI CHAMBER E-FOOT VALVE F- CENTRIFUGAL PUMP G- DRAIN VALVE H- PRESSURE GAUGE I- PIPE J-SPRAYER RING K- EXTERNAL HEATER L- STEAM INLET M-STAND .N BLEACHING A- CISTERN B- LINING C- CHEMICAL WELL D-SPRAYER E- CENTRIFUGAL PUMP F-DRAIN1S BLEACHING Yarn wipid fabric safe) Bg asnplard Bais Cows. CargnAGurGLsoh win wIELOUNGLEsH sDerBid wersdas Gauss Une scouring process 6) LTisufied Gauesenexse1 FSSUULG aia. Qoasmn ssdussepod gimamrong pore 2 oldetd gsrewerwts Cupidings. ayeaned upset A sieng. FUE pero gists (white fabric) QuBMBHe Obs Burbs events whens sistem wiGb Asminbs: giewiesies srs Guigisson Sowoipmasenss FSi Boob. goon bleacning process ssigy sepaunt. OBJECTS OF BLEACHING 1. ugsHuis Quins sation CuiGLsnm Ppwipsmasennéa ‘vhite fabric Gupagparsoyb 2. gusriusd 2siton vegetable matters like leaf bits and seed bits @ursipensuesanen Koonpdersoyd bleaching Qriwoudesngs. BLEACHING AGENTS Bera Bq aimsiuGb —1.Oxidative bleaching agents 2, Reducing bleaching agents OXIDATIVE BLEACHING AGENTS. 1. Chlorine bleaching agents: Examples:- chlorine , hyphochlorites of sodium and calcium, sodium chlorit: 2 Non chlorine bleaching agents: Example :- Hydrogen yeroxide , potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate and ozone. Oxidising bleaching agent saiie> Gabe: nasant oxygen ayers ecu ayaings. Bibs nasant oxygen ang Gwims asiems@urglemm snoprecasms aeeuls Boo ed Cansnmgo. Cl2#H20 —* Hel + (0) #202. ——* H20 +(0) Bie Colelerauded bleaching action «yogi oxidation wpanpuled Buys susstents Guigtemn dsw Hooin Gurotame GssoiGdny. Aomm aaiged wuosiore Betasis Goss washing wad SaiuGsg. asGe Beer permanent whit 2_ganbgSlsipenREDUCING BLEACHING AGENTS 16 Examples; Sulphur di oxide, sodium hydro sulphite, sodium bi sulphite Reducing bleaching agent safeo Qepfgi nasant Hydrogen gg opuss) syxingy. BH nascent hydrogen Qog Quins amiorGunG each Cats) s1eudorn Sooppmasene woiyswlog. BS Gastewo Pybpgworeags sire HYPOCHLORITE BLEAC! using cistern Cistems with false bottom auogs Used snooiiesiuLGsiongs. FOwsinl. Garscd (0f) porcelein ge CanaiG GLLUUL Opmiigasties giao pois pack AsiuLUGsng).. tank-sit sigiuTEs S61 shy CwBor false bottom 2 stiongy. Gast epood giewlssiisd amGgos augib bleaching solution syegi ss8pujsion sump -cb collect eydings. Bibs sump-2 Baxbsussen liquor aqerg) pump GsuwiucG gesfsafier Copuyinde Bde spraying at apa Asaféscugsngs Bississom tank -> éyre packing Gewagi WSSWoTEBTEI. oisiourg Geiwsraiiged Goss sma] SeLusion UBBasied solution Caswrs Ges &y GCumioiG. exseiugutar guesfsm bleach Osim Casiguigseb Cum. ADu sins) simtoendets Lm tank gL CunaiGp Auf oKnastnng eueLTELUOSsamb. wyBled guess Eprax (penpuded pack Geutsmusshe5 mechanical plaiter QurgssiuLyGse.d. False bottom SH, Gos usguld Sox SGSaiUCG, SP uSBuied, ouuied satay sunfsssucr liquor Cot squudene. Receipe ‘ ML ratio Available chlorine 224 gpl Sodium carbonate(pH buffer) : 0.5% owt PH 210 Temperature Room temperature Circulation time 45 minutes to 90 minutes, : stent circulating pump on GeuwiuGeings. Liquor GoGo asin sprayer pond spray GrimouGsing. QS geofuler Pew omGgal LarGd sump g simcapes. Asvourgr 45 minutes to 90 minutes sums circulate QsumcuBelmg.ijoront 30 minutes @ washing Criwiupsings Souring suse alkaline pH sd bleaching CeiOULL g160,.1us9 1-2° Tw HCl or H)SO, GeneiG 30 GwLw neutralise Gout CouestGwd. @sHS souring sag Guwit. Bevo Souring Geiusmofige gym alkali upon remove aysmosd gies damage «yew. 13'7 Goad Bleaching powder GaretG bleaching sin aGumuggs, calcium carbonate wgud Qsr Ged sormurg calcium salts eqovral gisefulst Biosd UyAing! Bserned gine harsh feel e.geuraings. @idypepuisd HC] eu@uralseucG. o1mey fed senmuad calcium chloride ys wrepoULg s&scuGesps! Bleaching powder ous QsraiG sever Asie sisafissnn sulphuric acid GasrmiG souring treatment Gara wqutgs GGesipre oes) 2 cane calcium sulphate isd senyusrgs eyenned sulphuric acid gg sodiumhyphochlorite gg Ganesi® sme Gouiys Boisenrds UUsiUGSsomb. Washing Acid 2 Weng $a gore wash QriucUGepa! Antichloring Residual chlorine g sSésnafigsd After yellowing amb.ysCar Qos bx sodivin thio sulpate or sodium bisulphite solution 6b treat GatucuGesines Optical brightening 0.1% - 0.2% optical brightening agent solution «) treat QmimiuGeng). stent sites squeeze GaiuiulG, emu masstugeDs. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING AVDVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING : 1. HzO ayengy universal bleaching agent ye @aupern cotton , wool,, silk , Jute unin fibre sexe 2 UBwteLuGssoonb : 2. Material sor nswmenaig: Was Espa GGuUsTs chemical cost sigGlswras Bossraud labour cost eenpaursGou 2 shone, 3. Bleaching st @urwes Fabric loss s4engi hyphochlorite bleaching g@ oi. @enparaGey aston. 4. @@mbp sinGor Sr Cunguorergs. 5. @bs wopse souring process Gaus Govssingusgedsnor 6. Finished product sailed spb 2. wig Sé sneilsslugaing. 7, H2O2 e bleach @euip goods wet hyphochlorite bleach Gaui goods amen oii fos Boe 2 Seat sshemowys we. 8. Cotton material stent bleaching process) peroxide bleaching qpenp@us Washmssereb qGersipro BPs ay — allgonen chemical degradation apUBsugsronev. %Ir bleaching process jan Guguding. IhWashing 90 @B wonp Hot water and cold water g% GaraiG pein washing aim GasiGo VERTICAL DRYING RANGE DRYING OF TEXTILE MATERTAL, Textile material senor dry Qewags Gurgane ByoiG Paneramend Casraxir gre. i) siBisixzgusnen water gg mechanical upappuis> mangling hydro extraction (or) Yonuie sess. ii) Soheatr heating apoub water gp evaporate Grwastet . Textile material som a_oorggiauged Curgians Bye method set a_ctongy i) Cylinder drying ii) Hot drying CYLINDER DRYING Fabric senor ‘a_etgsguougicd aagrer wig cheapest method «eb Gib machine— fabric -sgegs steam heated cylinder —sst alu Grass) ood sousipay. a machine aig strong cast iron hollow frame —s drying cylinder sano gave GsneGsings. Gs machine 99 6 to 36 cylinder sot 2 cheney. onpcugSused shallow trough achongs. Baer aySGu sSyrerg collect QeiuiuG main drain ale QuefewdpouGaingy Cylinder ast copper ays) sumléstucLgneb 9Gesimre omraach ao Bod sioL Kysarg. wppid psi Ouuges SL SEI. stain aot guGgams sallrtuge tinned Copper mi. 2 uOuTsiuGS5iUuGdng. sHGumpss stainless steel cylinder set 2_uGusrets UBLBUGSng. Cylinder soi wponer o Gam aigard Carah grew abs opine Goh Listes Bodonosd Crouytay syorgs smooth LS BGS giowlaon opens “ bind * Geitigs Garston BoussiGb . Cylinder sorts ussoi 1000mm (40”) to 3500mm(140") eyes Cylinders Horizontal (or) Vertical ys arrange QsuxusLig@e@tb. Horizontal unit ByaIG GEG WPopUlsd simodsiuLyGSEw sopmasi 11,17,21 and 23 cylinderwsh Simwoly ssp (penpulsd Ogee vertical units 6 2 to3 SGSGSoIG ByoxiG vertical row od - cylinders BEE. G6 unit 20 cylinders (2 oGsGzet gsiGeunedignd 10 cylinders AsneiLoom) 24 cylindersch (3 oGsEset geiGeureigud 8 cylinderssi Geman eno) 30 cylinder seh 3 eG&exei gsiGsursigid 10 cylinders Aerostar) upmpGur wiemowLs GupGeéei Horizontal unit oo sPsiiQuTE Biss TysssGsronenid. syensd . Saupe qoamd Lue! gbULLned repair whgud replacement Gruss Bs asfsrompreib. Vertical range @mponer Gismssu LysssGsrctenbd. Copnd Gopamnen Gusweores ‘SwBeorer production gy GsnGe@i. syemed repair and replacement Gaviousy sishovsvey aafigeteo. cylinder sai stepwise ass arrange Gouighgdupted gyexfusennengs cylinder at IF SSE Eee aaa2) s@aiuigurer surface safeh pass od. GaGa SBEGeafignd wnpucr temperature eam maintain Gsiiugpe Sisn1olyssh v_stiensm, ryote giemlsate Bobs water soit QasiGudnsuGsng. steam yong) isgisw heat Gonmpg water 4% wong, cylinder ot surface ot qUGd heat yorgs Bs condensed water maf @erndatubélng. ayer Ge condensed water ge scm QaaAGuxopiur CouesrGib. Bibs condensed water g Goveiuxdpgse water collector (oF) bucketssafisn apoud cylinder safer pub AusiGurpruGangs. govern cylinder safes (a1 Gavefl@uypid condensed water ayers: main drain afune OnmiGuspiueaipgs. somos) QGss BoyookGid twigtn ssi sisiasen abs algonen wigiryseptd Bosbsned drying paw fix eyslaiGd xyeGeu cloth expander zysrgs cloth cylinder drying rar ze Direct, Reactive, Vat, Sulphur, Azoic and pigments Dyes for Protein fibres like wool and silk. > Acid, Basic and Reactive dyes to some extent Dyes for Polyamides like Nyloné, Nylon66 etc > Acid and disperse Dyes for Polyesters - Disperse dyes only Dyes for Acrylics - Basic and disperse dyes4 23 Chemical classification of dyes 1. Tonic dyes i Anionic dyes - gio sanpibax Negative charged dye ion gg 2_qaméeib Cugiburerenowner dyes Qeicunaonu snpjssgy. Ex. Direct, Reactive, Acid ii, Cationic dyes - p6fieo senggi Positive charged dye ion @ 2.ganégib. Basic dye wl @30 Qsisimssnu snhb5e! 2. Non-ionic dyes - Ions =qsurangy. Disperse dyes w.G80 Aeisinaanu enbboe! REACTIVE DYES @som fibre asi react Qawig! covalent bond g@ e.onimé sisgLsir fix eyeseussted Derangy sonpssiuGAmg. Qoerrd pero fastness QosAns. PROPERTIES 1, Water soluble. Bjisd ssngisgi Negative charged dye ion gg 2_Gamégd 2. Wide range of colours 2_sttanex 3. Cotton cellulose s> 2siien -OH 2 sir covalent bond »_gaméal sysennch fix ans 4, ageBar ooo fastness Bossy! Wash fastness - 4-5 Rubbing fasiness = 4-5 Light fastness - 5-6 5, The general structure of reactive dyes is D B R 5 Dye Bridging Reactive group group group Classification of Reactive Dyes 1, Hot brand dyes - Mono chloro Tri azine dyes. @giod reactive group 4s 9@ Cl WGC ectongr yaBar Dei react Gawougse, temperature CgzmavuGapg. aexBer Gena Hot brand dyes seuugaper Ex... Procion ¥ 2. Cold brand dyes - Di chloro Tri azine dyes. @jfsb reactive group % 2 Cl acioner. eyes Bei react Geussugsie, room temperature Curguorergs. sexBar Bere Cold brand dyes saniuGeSngsEx... Procion M Vinyl sulphone dyes - Ex... Remazol dyes Drimarine dyes + Ex... Levafix dyes High Exhaustion dyes - HE dyes 6. Bifunctional dyes - ME dyes, FN dyes etc. DYEING OF COTTON WITH RECTIVE COLD BRAND DYES Dissolving the dyestuff vas Shade @ Gurgégi dyes aGsgeOareroncuGapgy.. Agsena, wetting agent wg cold water ator paste Gauwiugspg. Usirery warm water Csjsa1 sorbsuGdpgy. Dyeing (Exhaust Method) Fabric is loaded in the machine, ML ratio &@ gu Sy PyouLUGsApss. Type of machine @ Gur@ gi Circulation of liquor or material Qgn_eugenes. Dyeing time ayengs shade %, ML ratio, type of machine wiionb fabric ybuoyporp Cuneo. Brive winch dyeing mated dye Gaius qpanp sSondstut Gotronay. Dye solution is added S min Ya of 30-50 gpl Sodium Chloride( Common salt) or 20-30 gpl Sodium Sulphate(Glabour salt) CapeoiuGHe:. Be Exhausting agent syed. gio sengbgusion dye e fibre 5 esiGor Orpybaiding. C&< Referi- Mechanism of dyeing) fi 15 min UA urs salt CapbaiuGeng. Dyeing OstLiba p.dépay. 4 45min 10-20 gpl Sodium carbonate GajaéatuGapg.. Bei Fixing agent aye Fibre ater covalent form Gaum Gp alkali Copaatueane: + 30 min 60 min depending on shade ‘Hot wash at 50°C for 15 min t Cold washing for 15 min gisiuiet Ciosd Liptiguciten surface deposited dye, Y [— hydrolysed dye wisp alkali Neutralise with 1% Acetic acid for 15 min YYUSH sssvugaps y Hot soaping at 50°C for 15 min ‘ Cold washing for 15 minDYEING OF COTTON WITH RECTIVE HOT BRAND DYES 25 Dissolving the dyestuft Shade @ Guresai dyes abSex5AsrstoniuGsng.. ditgsnay wetting agent wixpw cold water o_Lsit paste Qrumiudangs., Sereny warm water Gsisa amdaluGans. Dyeing (Exhaust Method) Fabric is loaded in the machine. M:L ratio &@ gu By slyuuLUBApgs. Type of machine g Guregai Circulation of liquor or material Qgn_augings. Dyeing time ayorgs shade %, ML ratio, type of machine wiigub fabric audumbarn Guresees. Brix winch dyeing a dye Qrumpd apsnp Sendsastun_Gsitorgs. Dye solution is added, Steam sxpiutut@ 2°C per minute asin ersteis> temperature 2 wis 5UGApE S min Y, of 30-50 gpl Sodium Chloride( Common salt) or 20-30 gpl Sodium Sulphate(Glabour salt) GopssuuGSpss. Be Exhausting agent ae. ped sooxbgiirn dye a fibre 4 asiGen Gegydsipgs. Temperature = uipiss5inxG 70°C ge oimreoar C Refer. Mechancser OF Ayes n + 15 min Byetg 6B ur salt CaydaixG8pgs. Dyeing Asm ype 70°C & psdings 4 45min 10-20 gpl Sodium carbonate GasatuGsing. Qsi Fixing agent ayetb Fibre 2.x covalent form Gaus @ip alkali GopssLrGdpe 4 30min 60 min depending on shade Hot wash at $0°C for 15 min + Cold washing for 15 min prashuer Bind Linssgsctton surface deposited dye, + L— hydrolysed dye wpb alkali Neutralise with 1% Acetic acid for 15 min UGS seainding ‘ Hot soaping in 5 gpl soap and 1 gpl soda ash at 50°C for 15 min Cold washing for 15 min REMAZOLS Hot brand Guraar QaumwinGeipas. Sodium Hydroxide alkali wires UusiudssUUGSDE!pr MECHANISM OF DYEING OF COTTO! Cotton fibre 9B anionic fibre aygiQ¥e 3 free OH groups ecitarar. eyaGar fibre 4g polar nature a ciongusSfico manamujoCumiggi OH groups water Let Hydrogen bond form Gsusing. Gig OH groups « gq small negative charge (D>) 2 qarrdings.aCar fibre, Negative charged fibre eu onqudlmgs Cellulose. OH —"""" Cettulose- OH Dyes Cotton &— affinity onus simargay dyes w anionic dyes ayo. expres shad serpy Wor negative charged dye ion g@ 2-@amaeib Dye —WHr, Dyem crenCeu Fibre and dye @yom@Gio negative charged. aysGal Qea Byakgb germp osiD ArsAGensien. Cogn dye && water acer pee affinity @euusre Sina gato gary) mpsgSAanchepiD.. 1, Forces of attraction between dye and water 2. Forces of repulsion between dye and fibre DercAyorGo PSs CusiGw. gerafsd Qo Boban dye w fibre wb gery ean OpGus Quweorgs. + Fibre’ Dye’ ->—Water |-------- To be removed Biogud dye w fibre b germ germ Osgms Kann Byard forces 2 ars Corse, 1, Forces of attraction between fibre and dye 2. Forces of repulsion between dye and water Fibre’ —>4—Dye—~ Water CAVAT. DYES : a7 9G exhausting agent qe NaCl uweuadeuburg oi feo seonbgs Nat egsoid Cl aan Sfdines. Nat fibre m@ as ow zete potential asip positive potential gg a.qanéedipg. eyeta: fibre ot Negative charge Smudins.eys@or fibre and dye Sg Qe.Gu Goss repulsive force gAsiuG attractive force 2 pamapes. Cl- concentration water # wiGswraugired dye- b Cl b gsteop osm AosbsQeran dye quer water Q ALG GaushigsstoriuGSps) swTags attractive force between water and dye Basix@ repulsive force a_ganaingt ‘ZETA POTENTIAL( Na) PROPERTIES 1 awALWN ng sengiuigpe strong alkali(NaOH) and strong reducing feo senpuirgs. agent(Hydrose), GomacuGaipsi Fine, very fine and ultra fine form esite> Bon e505 ‘Narrow range of éolours. Hence shade matching is difficult Gamss o1ona) dyes Gurgnorexst Costliest dye Fastness properties ‘Wash fastness - 5 Rubbing fastness = 5 Light fasiness - 7-8 Clilorine fastness very good (ata swim wear eg oimes) APPLICATION OF VAT DYES ON COTTON ( LEUCO VAT PROCESS) Sipe. 4 stages oo dyeing pon Cuong: 1 ae. Vatting Dyeing Oxidation Soaping8} VATTING Insoluble vat dye «yargi soluble leuco dye qs unppouGsipss Shade gg Gurasbar dyes aQSzgiéGaretenougding:. Aggsts| non ionic wetting agent eLet paste Qrumougeipgs. t 60°C hot water CaySa) pete emdevUSApsi. Y Sodium Hydro Sulphite or Hydrose( NaxS:03 - %4 the quantity of dye) and Sodium hydroxide( NaOH - % the quantity of dye) Gatie1 pore sasaiuGsdpes. Hydrose, dye f@ reduce Gauwigi vat acid qe wnppiing: ling vet acid, NaOH 2et Gophsi soluble sodium salt (Leuco form) aye unppiucG p6fed sordings. siGureoe! eins original colour wmf reduced colour # dye solution Bees g s ° 8 é nunsa63 a eet O 25203 3 g = wz Insoluble vat dye Insoluble vat acid Soluble leuco vat dye DYEING Fabric is loaded in the machine, MiL ratio 6g gu py ByUuLUOng.. Bath temperature SOC e.wygssUUGSng. Type of machine g@ Gureses Circulation of liquor or material QsrLmesps. 2 - 4 gpl Hydrose wpm 2 - 4 gpl causti soda ay bath od GxjdéetuGdpes.. pH of the bath is 10-11. 4 Simin eenyéeuulL dye solution Cepsauudema. Bath temperature 60°C - 70°C SUSSUUTANS. gies Geuefuled expose aséoring1 + Smin 10 - 20 gpl Glauber salt or common salt 15 GB. Ga Gnafuisd Bo seueransenns add Gruminugeipg. Gan ppe1 30 min — 45 min dyeing continue eying. Dye pong fibre gost penetrate 4) ositongy gis Gausfulsd expose xysSeningy Wereny squeeze CortwiudeSng: (wash OruimssoaLmgs)2. OXIDATION 3 Dye side the fibre molecule oiGw gk) eseopumrg original form des oxidise RODS. ga sieney fibre Seb CoshCw ay trap 1-3 gpl sodium perborate or 2 gpl HO, with 1 gpl aciduuisi iG ssudengs SOAPING or AFTER TREATMENT Hot Soaping ~ 5 gol soap and 1 gpl Soda ash at 80°C for 15 min ack v Cold wash for 15 min ACID DY Gea acidic condition 6 apply Qriwougagned siciangy Sionpsaiuaang. WoolSilk,Nylon fibre dye Qsuiws ging: msi sodium saks of sulphonic acid eye PROPERTIES 1, Water soluble 2, Wide range of colours 3. Pure dye 4. It is an anionic dye, 5. Fastness properties Wash fastness - 5 Rubbing fasiness — - Light fastness - 4 MW3y- ‘Types of Acid dyes 1, Levelling dyes = strongly acidic © pH- <4 2, Milling dyes = Moderately acidic pH-4-5 3. Super milling dyes = Weakly acidic pH S~ 6 4, Neutral dyes - slightly acidic pH: 6,5~7 DYEING OF WOOL WITH ACID DYE Dye is taken as per shade % and pasted with a small quantity of wetting agent The dye bath is made up to MiL ratio. Temperature 50°C #6 ewisauuBdna. Dye solution GaséstuGaingy. 10 gpl Glabour salt Guus retarding agent or levelling agent ayes ae 5% sulphuric acid -H,SO, (owl) 15 PBL Ber Gasfulo Be samessems add QeuwinGaipg. Basi exhausting agent sygsw. Wool fibre 6 x dior Amine group positive ion ays iorppisipss. Qparned negative charged dye ion g2_fibre attract Qauisugsre> dye auorgi fibre eg GpnéaO rush eying. Byonned unevenness ghudasns sG%= initial dyeing 6» retarding agent GayaaiuiGepe1 Fibre 2.6 dye, IONIC BOND form Gauiespg! NE* | Fibre -NH; + HY ——» Fibre Fibre-NH;’ + Dye) ——* Fibre-NH3"D Dyeing is continued at 60°C for 30 min. Washing for 10 min. +———> Soaping Sgpl soap for 30 min ——> Washing for 10 min APPLICATION OF ACID DYES ON SILK Wool dyeing Gurar@n 9@7 96 unbrseisr GetwinGdipes 5% sulphuric acid be Uplate 5% acetic acid uuciuGApUUDSpB.. Retarding agent GssnanSevene. DYEING OF NYLON WITH ACID DYES Dye is taken as per shade % and pasted with a small quantity of wetting agent The dye bath is made up to M:L ratio. Temperature 80°C &@ 2_wisstudapa Dye solution GapbacuGaipas. 5% sulphuric acid -HSO, (ow!) 15 Bis. Qrimiuddps. Gg exhausting agent syetb. Nylon fibre > 2 sien free emine group i Gaisfudsd BG sooonaoms add fg positive ion qs wnppans. peared negative charged dye ion @ fibre attract 1236 Gauieings. Dye penetration oy improve Grwamve o@ camer ( 3% phenol) add CoriusissGaings Fibre mtat dye, IONIC BOND form Gewadmgy Fibre -NI + 1” —_y Fibre-NH;* | Fibre-NHs" + Dye) ——> Fibre-NH,"D Dyeing is continued at 100°C for 1% hours. Washing for 10 min ——® Soaping Sgpl soap for 30 min —> Washing for 10 min BASIC DY! PROPERTIES 1. Spatingly soluble in water. Acetic acid Capég) aopaaucigy 2. Itis the only available cationic dye, geo ssengpaSe positive charged dye ion ep 2 Gamage, 3. Glittering particles ays Qee61 4, It is also called as “Paper dyes? 5. Bright and brilliant colours esters 6. Wide range of colours 7. Fastness properties Wash fasiness ao 8 Rubbing fastness = 4-5 Light fastness + 3-4 (wool & silk) 6 (Acrylic) DYEING OF WOOL AND SILK WITH BASIC DYES Dye is taken as per shade % and pasted with a small quantity of Acetic acid, Excess water is added and stirred The dye bath is made up to M:L ratio. Temperature 50°C #5 eujépiudsings Dye solution Goydatu@e6ivgs. 10 gpl Glabour salt @rixy, retarding agent or levelling agent ye Cahdaigednsy ‘ PH of the bath Neutral or slightly acidic (6.5 ~7). Wool and silk fibre 6> star carboxylic acid( -COOH) group Fao negative ion ys wrgreings. Bpamed positive charged dye ion & fibre attract Qrusarsns> dye ayongy fibre ge Gyre rush eying). @samed unevenness TUBA GAs initial dyeing o> retarding agent GoyéaiuGalpgs Fibre eet dye, IONIC BOND form Gowns| re ~COOH — Fibre-COO* Dye” ——* Dyeing is continued at 60°C for 30 min. Washing for 10 min—» Cold soaping Sgpl soap for 30 min —P Washing for 10 min DYEING OF ACRYLIC WITH BASIC DYES Dye is taken as per shade % and pasted with a small quantity of Acetic acid, Excess water is added and stimred The dye bath is made up to M:L ratio, Temperature 60°C 665 e.ujesuuGsmas. Dye solution GapaeatuGedpgs. pH of the bath —Neutral or slightly acidic (6,5 -7). Dye penetration g improve Qrwaiss © carrier ( Di Methyl Acetamide DMA) add Gsumsudeimes Temperature 95°C & 2°C_ per. minute sionaie> 2_wi seuss! Acrylic. 6b -2siton free carboxylic acid(—- COOH) group j6fiso negative ion es wnpAngi. Qseansd positive charged dye ion ee fibre attract QeweSngs. Fibre =r dye, IONIC BOND form Gauteng Fibre-COOH —» _ Fibre-COO’ +H | Fibre-COO+ Dye’ ——* Fibre-COO“D Dyeing is continued at 95°C for 1 % hours, Hot wash- 10 min. —®Hot soaping Sgpl soap for 20 min. —* Cold wash- 10 min DISPERSE DYES PROPERTIES 1. Itis insoluble in water 2. @@ dispersing agent a_gsiuyer water od disperse Geum (ppupio. sysenitsd Qaang sinpseuUGAps Itis a sublimable dye. High temperature 6 dye gas qs wngib Smallest particle size ‘Wide range of colours ae ae Used to dye mainly Polyester, Also used to dye Nylon, Cellulose acetate and other synthetic fibres 43s 7. Fastness properties Wash fastness eg Rubbing fastness = § Light fastness - 67 DYEING OF POLYESTER WITM DISPERSE DYES Polyester is @ non-ionic and highly crystalline fibre, yaGni dyeing Qswagy agarorgi Fibre molecular structure « dye impapptahn opening e_garésbasibo Bsbars Byo5@ principles eoterer. 1. Thermal a ion- Temperature ayargy fibre ot Tg Glass transition temperature) aft. sPafsewsurgy fibre molecular vibrations eyhsioneib. SUGLTOS! FHUGH gap 6 dye molecules giempdles 2, Swelling action - Carrier and some solvents suorgy fibre gg swell Owe oigsat Tg onus Ganpseing. ayn8a low temperature s dyeing Geum: Quads, Based on the above principles , There are three methods of dyeing 1. High Temperature High Pressure Dyeing (ATT?) 2. Thermosol dyeing 3. Cartier dyeing HIGH TEMPERATURE HIGH PRESSURE DYEING Beam dyeing machine , jet dyeing machine and cheese dyeing machine @israipy high pressure machines UsuBspiuGseipyar Dye is taken as per shade % and pasted with a small quantity of Acetic acid. Hot water at 50°C is added and stirred, The fabric is loaded in the machine. The dye bath is made up to MiL ratio.( 1:15). 1 gpl dispersing agent, ImM acetic acid add Qewwtuc@ Temperature 60°C &@ ew S5UUGApgs:. Dye solution CapsatuGapay. PH of the bath ~ slightly acidic (5-6). Temperature 135°C 4g Goss eupsscuSdnes B@sdars steam pressure 2kg/sq.cm 4G LupssiuGAogss ‘ Dyeing is continued at 135°C for 1- 1% hours. Hot wash- 10 min | 1524 Reduction clearing - 1 gpl Hydrose and 2 gpl coda ash at room temperature for 15-20 min | Surface deposited dyes wrupgners Sou ue Cold wash- 10 min CARRIER DYEING -Phenyl phenol, chlorobenzene and Thermoan! KB Gunoigy carriers wwerGssuugserpar Dye bath > 3% Thermonal KB add GeumscucG@ 85°C temperature « 2 hours dye GeimusGangs. Bed light fastness unglssiuG.e. Gogud costlier process «ys THERMOSOL DYEING Concentrated dye solution «> pad Gams @@ curing chamber ed 180°C temperature 6b 5 minutes cure Qeuwiugemgs. temperature ob dye sublime gual gas aye Lorpidipgt. S15 swunb fibre sb Ba oy8s molecular vibrations sre) structure open using. ausGor dye ges sions fibre system g2)e> gimphgi eters cool DYEING MACHINES Types 1, Material circulating machines + Ex.. Jigger, Winch 2, Liquor circulating machines ~ Ex. Beam dyeing m/c, cheese dyeing m/c 3. Material & Liquor circulating mvcs _- Ex.. Soft flow, jet dying nve JIGGER DYEING MACHINE yen fabr en width eo dye Geuwus MLRatio : 1:5 Se ne Capacity < 1000 m @sHo> GG V-shaped stainless steel trough a shengs. Pressure: Atmospheric/ High ae oi Gwe Bs side gud Qe draw roller set sure astenen, gisxfl G@ draw roller( let-off roller) wind QeimiulG machine 6 CurGsEiUGABLTeHsNS gio guide roller anf6w trough 6 acter dye liquor o) apibesujston immersion roller ougGw pass ye sugioCunages liquor @ adsorb GrwgianekG 1G draw rooler (take-up roller ) ob wind Gaumoudenas. gion undyed portion at the end ). gq differntial drive mechanism @q roller ssnsmuy constant gruasfignb Sm grey cloth (end piece) stitch Geuiusten-Gettengu( to avoid the speed o> aiming. gis 9G roller Seber iG roller se Gecvargi ow “end” or “Ltum’ ssriuGdpg.gied (paid wind ayerayier automatic ays reverse Qo DIGSS end pasting 16JIGGER DYEING MACHINE 4o A-DRAW ROLLERS B- WORKING ROLLERS C- GUIDE ROLLER D- STEAM COIL. E-TROUGH F-DYELIQUOR Dye liquor @ heat Gsun closed steam coils GureegatucGsiang. gia wind CovwLUGoCuRWs! tension gst Bgass roller shaft « friction pulleys and springs or Weights ecioner, @oGurepgs Jumbo jiggers, High pressure jiggers yaw modem jiggers steven, Shade,, type of dye type of material ayfwayponp Gunes) no.of ends SporatsscuGeings Advantages 1. Low liquor ratio -1:5. yer water, steam and auxiliary chemical consumption Sapa 2. Simple in construction 3. Open width dyeing pan Gugaiged guoxfullsd creases 2 Gameeusieoanes 4. Suitable to dye cotton, woo! and silk wovens Diadvanatages 1, Small lots <1000m 2. Bisdl 9G roller Saps: 21056 roller 4g OscgwrCumigs ByssiGasrsd fabric vo length-wise tension sibuGe8ngy. sy5Gay easily stretched fabrics like knitted, viscose and secr-suckers qsuyppise Osi ghppeo. 3. Gish fuss batch GoruiinxefedensrGwusfed selvedges dark yes dye ayeib 7Production/shift For batch size of 100 kg Exhaust method Direct dyes = 2 batches/shift Reactive/azoic/vat/sulphur — -1-2 batches /shift Jumbo jigger capacity 200 kg Heavy duty jigger 1000 kg WINCH DYEING MACHINE gs G@ rope fonn, tension less or loose dyeing machine MLL Ratio : 1:20 to 1:25 Capacity ‘upto 300 kes | aetb. Pressure: Low/high Pressure knitted fabric, delicate silk fabric, rayon, stretch fabric quduiaann dye Gauw 985. @ssr dye vessel, curved bottom Gaston. rectangular stainless steel vessel aysib. 9@ perforated partition @ans Bw compartments as Ufédpp. wes addition compartment aywid, Bye closed steam coils Borger add wronindestux Goings. Dye and chemical additions tensa ——~GarimsBarssngo- ——— WINCH DYEING MACHINE A-ELIPTICAL, WINCH B - PERFORATED PARTITION C-PEG RAIL D-PEGS E- STEAM COIL, F-DYE VESSEL, G- WATER INLET PIPE H- DRAIN VALVE 9@ lliptical winch ayargi motor ees! reduction gear box qm sPBADEL OG Pes rail warussiuied 015055 ropes @ MAbs. gexenu rope form Geusg! elliptical winch and peg rail ayfures pass Orig oss Bo Wmeramenud stitch Arte! OG endless loop yssiuGding: BCs Gune simanhe: peg gap gub fabric ropes load QsuinuGsmes Dye vessel gil loose form od tension less ayes pile yl petbgi Ganesigéesib. QuGuregs: dyeing procedure &g gu temperature and other additions 18wou! Yeing RiMOUBeNE. Bes gio ays ppb dye solution 6 immerse RSystemgred ode penetration Bosque Advantages 1. Fabric is tensionless, Hence suitable for knitted, stretch, rayon and delicate silk fabric 2. Cheaper machine 3. Simple in construction Disadvantages |. Very high M:L Ratio. Hence consumption of water, steam, dye and other chemicals are very high 2, Fabric pile ajaupnexd rope form o> 2 ciensrgd crease marks tapmt uneven dyeing »_gamreipgy Open winch eo temperature variation yatb, Gig heat loss witb BEAM DYEING MACHINE A- AUTO CLAVE B - FABRIC BEAM C- CIRCULATING PUMP D - HEAT EXCHANGER E-EXPANSION TANK F - INJECTION PUMP G - PRESSURE GAUGE H--THERMOMETER 1943 E SOFT FLOW DYEING MAC! A- DYE VESSEL B- FABRIC TUBE c-LID D- ROTATING WINCH E-LOADING ROLLER F-HEAT EXCHANGER G- NOZZLES H- MAIN CIRCULATING PUMP I- ADDITION PUMP J - ADDITION TANK CABINET YARN DYEING MACHINE & A-PRPOPELLER rH B - STEAM COIL C- SHAFT D- HANK ROD E- HANK ROD HOLDER F- MOTOR G - WATER PIPE 20SOFT FLOW DYE! MACHINE MiL Ratio = 1:10-1:12 Capacit 100 ~ 500 kgs Pressure: Atmospheric/ High Pressure CONSTRUCTION @se Dyeing vessel wip sisaisr Bmombs fabric wbe system pss UsSPSisonew. Dyeing vessel songs us uperriesatiey 2ctongy. fabric tube gimpourudaded, twin nozzles simodsLucGarengy. Goo circulating pump 2.1 heat exchanger Gases. Dus gpabd BeromssstuxGehongi. Pump oh suction pipe , dye vessel asi Beramdsiuc goog, Addition tank uppwo osere Qosaps addition pump syfwaay zustinen, Water pipe/valve, steam pipe sysusona: addition tank 9 GurggsLus Gstenon, Boras dye sagtuans anlsnde spe. Heat exchanger gsi steam coils 2 sitmer. wba ype @senauner steam valve, steam trap and condensed water removal system _ Qeybg: nozzle Gpnés QuwssiuGaing.. Cogud oading winch gary Bison ociGen o@pLUBpens olmvgsLuGateng. Glass window owen gaigus lid wpb thermometer, pressure gauge , safety valve and drainage valve syséwensi Gung gg5LUIL Gatton. WORKING Dye vessel oi lid @petuLG. loading winch ot © gafuyer gia rope form « stor SEUULULG, SBe BS Yoram Crpsg MBSsLULG gG endless loop ys lonipouGeng. ne lid aLoucG.water PyiucuGeyps.(1:10-1:12). — pePGumupas, circulating pump @cLUugwOuneges, solution, dye vessel ot SpueBuisd Bois: @wsSaUULG, heat exchanger ayflBus GesigndCunapgs Coutts nozzle a sienL spss nozzle Sess WUC sgILst Gaistagw solution gimlou wpaCanéa sored ogwre nozzle swnoéslucGarongee, gee fabric tube gust gejépg.cyea Bhs machine od Sion upped solution sus Son &@wb. yarG circulate CoumoUGspg..eysGar ps penetration Dye addition tank o> apermiug dyes senséaiut@ . addition pump wo canyéaiuLe dye solution , main circulating pipe w@ sume, sided ciay Geneigassi solution aust sepg sAGb. GsinnGn wim chemicals and auxiliaries : SDILULUGSDB!. 2siGon GoseCaroringus Temperature ,dycing time aystwms fibre wag dye qiumyinn GunesepnEL. 2 pnyamors,, polyester with disperse dyes GsuinpdGuRCOSy, 130°C Temperature at 2 Kgs/em2 pressure , 1-2 hours dyeing time @zsmanuBtb BEAM DYEING MACHINE M:L RATIO: 1:12—1:15 Capacity 100 500 kgs Pressure High Pressure CONSTRUCTION BSe 9G WaGusus dye vessel with lid eohongy ecumbd. dipussudsd rails AuessiULGoiane. Best emus gq perforated beam, air tight coupling 2 16h QoromésincGaiongs, Bei reversible circulating pump ae Qmondacu.G Gesony heat x exchanger Qanarit muti apoob, dye vessel ate QmanssuucGiings. Reversible pump GHA 5-10 HiL45Hq o@ cwop direction wngising. Addition tank wpgud en addition pump ajslwseras 2 sitonen. Water pipe/valve, steam pipe SeDLe - Suma) addition tank 6) GuressUUCGsinen. Bes dye sosiumps caiprbedings Heat exchanger gpist steam coils e stones, wim 216 Exmanen steam valve, steam trap and condensed water removal system yawns) Gunassbetu Gotsnen. Cwoaxd salety valve, steam outlet ayer dye vessel et Cocduguisd 2 ciomen WORKING Loading Perforated beam sb cloth e si GaskG. Cloth, cover ayers gytisnfisd ocho holes @ stecl plates CarerG sim ssiurGawiGi. beam g trolly 6 oases rail woud A.siGon gation GaumkGib. coupling lock ayHeAG. Ups lid mg eg of SyeutUL Coverite. : Dyeing sdOUTUOS!. circulating pump gCLLUGLAUMeps, solution, dye vessel ot aipumshuled Bobs: BwssiucG, heat exchanger uglew AscrgxdCunwogs Goutrnoon pgs perforated beam ® sioLsing: Perforation aypiGus solution gisrienw gimmégs Gauaflaubey dye vessel SL AnE Being S10 GW porn Guptips. ving pump at direction reverse AeinsLuGsugted , solution aumgy dye vessel od Qasss gwd oyu 2 orehupssiucg ap 22perforated beam g2 sientogy reverse direction «0 circulate eydingy. Going, gsi 10 BBLEAS © worm direction wrens. Dye addition tank 6b qpenpiuaa dyes sayaiulG , addition pump ge qwoub smyéetulL dye solution, main circulating pipe a sinpgs, o86d circulate aye QenevingGsGw solution 2191 sobs oNGw. Berens wp chemicals and auxiliaries SDLULGHog. acter Qoyssoevingus Temperature dyeing time sySwoe fibre upg dye adlunpnn Gung ss5rE. a gsryamones, polyester with disperse dyes GsuiujoQumengs, 130°C Temperature at 2 Kgs/cm2 pressure , 1-2 hours dyeing time GzenauLu@ub. CABINET HANK DYEING MACHINE * ML RATIO. : 1:15-1:20 Capacity: 50-300 kg Pressure: Atmospheric CONSTRUCTION sd 2 dyeing chamber set aotoner. —__________— LIMITATIONS OF DIRECT STYLE 1. Sharp outline design asir @bp style ob 2 pusS Axitnigy sigend. 2. Back ground dark colour —s small design ait print Qeuiaugs sigan 3. Knitted goods eerfed sharp outlined fine design print Gewieug) apemb. DISCHARGE STYLE OF PRINTING Bowspulsd git qpsoded dyeing OruwiuGdns. Upe sss us! discharging agent Gasran. paste @ ennue1 printing QsuubGurages printing paste eter Gonéeiucr chemical ayergi ground shade -g siSes white designs diemédings Os “white discharge” auto @is paste od discharging agent ays urssng dyes m sabes printing GauimpoGuneogs, discharging agent ysngi ground shade -g sifssrLG cis sé; dyes fix ey coloured discharge Asn &ding1, Wsieat printed cloth ajergi steaming wig washing Gouwiugdpgs @gi “colour discharge” asi . @pPums coloured designs on colour back ground Aon sips, ADVANTAGES 1. Rich and deep shade design ss eganésiuGApes . 2. Sharp and well defined design wet and small motifis sen e_qauréauugapgs 3. Blotch designs with sharp outlines wl @sypsirex print coverage euCwnECLIGSDQGanés Bug. - so 4. White (or) coloured discharged effect guorizatici @eupapb Ao salOunang. gqAo Foursome printing Aru usBimw wpm USBuia Boba CupuGseieig ayend . RESIST (OR) RESERVE STYLE OF PRITING Resist style uergy discharge style gti GuneiGy white and coloured pattern senor coloured ground «© GanGuugre. Abs Brand wopsesgir ApDunow wnOgarroo, Gischarge style ob discharging agent euarg giaifasi dyeing Fo.Gups Gos apply Caticupneis. aqaned resist style oo resist ayers gissfesats> dyeing BO GunZ, (WatuTEGax apply Qoweuseestb BSH wed weiss og resisting paste Aston print QriuculG erexy dye Gaurusuusings. syeiGeu resist printing xo printed pattern eb dyes ast apply aysres Back Bround eysras white ygemne> white designs on coloured ground a_gsinesu. printing Gecuyd Gung resist material ser 9g colour Genisgy print Gouigsnsb, \Sstont dyeing Gavin @ugy coloured designs on coloured ground denLéeub . BATIK STYLE OF PRINTING nesion suTh SOS YE. BS! go -resist printing umaenue oinb66 giofecter bos wax @ BoLDUd apply Gswegsned resist gpuBspg. eter Ayeing gers cold brand ob GoumiuGins. QamaduemTe wax aed Bs omad wax Beare Bimsetd dyeing po Gupwinss . gsfiibs solution « dye wpsBed dye penetrate ye irregular fine lines, marble Guneip effect egomet. Gwgud waxing inpid re-dycing ot gpa GouuwbOunepg: wax britle ey cracks 2 games. eBatuguiter colour set pg depth of shade w increase «ype. enwarguores colouring fect Epmatugicumng: wax ayergi boiling water 6) ELULG Sait washing Gvigs POTS UUOdne,. Lari dyeing CSmaLULL Weald Gews UEsow wax — Gara Cover Gaus Ine BarrGio dyeing QevuuuGapgs. INGREDIENTS IN PRINTING PASTE Printing paste —#e Cpmaunar (piBuione qouGuTBisct dipésmrayprher Bobs SSS HsOarcHoLUGADS! 1, Dyestuff (or) pigments 2, Wetting Agents 3. Solvents, solution aids Dispersing agents 4, Humeetants or Hygroscopic agents 5. Thickeners6. Defoaming Agents 7. Oxidising and reducing Agents 8. Catalysts and oxygen carries 9. Acid and Alkalies 10. Carriers and swelling Agents 11. Miscellaneous Agents 1, Dyestuffs and pigments fibre @ Gun@sas dyes select QeuimsuBaings. “zonGeunGu od YorisiOsue ole Sirah. e_UGuNsHUGSSUUGADS. 2. Wetting agents Dyes eg series uusiuGsing. Example; Turkey Red Oil, Non-ionic wetting agents (Ethylene oxide condensates) 3. Solvents, solution aids, Dispersing agents Solvents or dispersing agents eyorgi paste od dye molucules getqi Capams SOLEL. Examples: Acetin, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, Giycin A, Glydote ‘Humectants or Hygroscopic agents 4. Steaming ot Gurgs dye diffuse a EzmaluG0 water g absorb Oswg! Ganetdns. Example: Urea, Glycerin 5. Thickeners High viscous paste a.ganés uusuGdng. Cup dye fix ae simp omiparp hold Cows Gea wip GsGLserist amor ufussLags Closed seouuones wash 4s CoisiGw. « Examples: Natural Thickeners :- Starch, Gum tragacanth, locust bean gum, sodium elginate Modified Thickeners:- CMC(carboxy Methy! Cellulose), British gum, Gum Indalea Synthetic Thickeners:- Acrylic polymers, emulsion thickeners 6. Defoaming agents paste « pies e.geitaing sGm Boni uusiUuGslsiper. Examples: Silicon, Pine oil derivatives, Silicolapse(IC1) and Perminal KB(ICI) 7. Oxidising agents and Reducing agents vat dyes, solubilised vat dyes ayfwiupenp develd Geuus oxidising agents uusiudalsipat Examples: Sodium nitrite and resist salts Dicharging agents «yas Rongolite C , Stannous chloride Guraip reducing agents uussiuGaierper 8. Catalysts and Oxygen carriers silnornm&Aaemta Potassium ferrocyanide, ammonium vanadate Gursipmer UWeUGaei ne52 Ee Acids and alkalis Pigments and binders gp fix Gauius acid liberating salts «yer diammonium hydrogen phosphate, Ammonium chloride ayQuwenat UusruGasinpst, Reactive printing o> sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate aw: alkalis UWeUGAs per 10. Carriers and swelling Agents Polyester,Nylon, acrylic Gursiy synthetic fibre eafisd dye molecules diffuse RUSH Jesus fibre molecule swell @au'n ens UusGHerper. Examples: Tumescol OP, Benzyl alcohol, 0-Chloro benzene, Di methyl actamide 11, Miscellancous Agents 4 ESUILL ussinysencr Guy Bens UUsUGAs per PRINTING OF COTTON WITH PIGMENT USING DIRECT STYLE MERITS OF PIGMENT COLOURS L.psbeo fastness paveonouymLusgs 2.Printing dyes sails Brightest ayargs 3.989 method ob iaares textile fibre spe printing QetmicuusnGdng 4.Wide range of colours. 5. Upp Bivseried stain syaugHsvene0 6.Printing faults @anpey 7Fancy printing & Uusiudeédpgs. DEMERITS OF PIGMENT PRINTING Rubbing fastness @enpaj Dry cleaning fastness G0) Stiffer fabric Harsh feel Use of hazardous keroscene PREPARATION OF BINDER EMULSION PASTE 200 parts Acramin SLN binder 5 parts Emulsifier W yeep 50 parts Urea 30 parts Diammonium phosphate 50 parts Water 665 _ parts Kerosene 1000 pas53 Function of each ingredient Acramin SLN binder 96 high molecular weight Gansin. Gurgst ao. Bar 9% thin film eqsurésel super qpoob fibre end dye @ Berondshinzs. Emulsifier W:- Keroscene-water emulsion 2 garégaphars aGggitOarcteriuQ ang! Urea:- Hygroscopic agent-to assist diffusion Di Ammonium Phosphate :- Catalyst- @gi high temperature 6 crosslinking Ag Gsmauimer acid g Casfuigsng: Kerocene- water :- Emulsion thickener 2_qairegetinas Resin binder gg high speed stirrer «i 28p 9G drum « sGSg150znsronBamngD. kerosene Gsitsa Ate Cprb pore Cass ands CasiGb Abs sowsHed Adsensy urea Goins CuaiGb. ine emulsifier upp Cpmawre sina gaits APE Sere Criss VLonGbd pers Cosvre ApiLibs: sudauuGdns. GoSwrs perfect white emulsion den éaias. PRINTNG PASTE 50 Parts pigment 10 parts Fixer CCL - cross linking agent 940 parts Binder Emulsion paste 1000 parts Process Print using any method ¥ Dry at 90°-100°C Y Cure at 140°C for 5 minutes ’ Rinse—> soap with Lissapol D(1gpl)and Soda ash (2gpl) at boil for 30 minutes DIRECT STYLE PRINTING OF COTTON WITH REACTIVE COLOURS STEAMING METHOD PASTE PREPARATION 450 Parts Sodium Alginate 6% 320 parts water 200 parts Urea10 parts Resist salt L 5h 20 __ parts Sodium bicarbonate 1000 parts Function of each agent a Sodium Alginate:- A non-cellulosic thickener, Buisorgs. gOewaiso reactive dyes, starch asi spwmay Bev. : ys@ starch based thickeners » u@wiraiéas Urea: Hygroscopic agent-to assist diffusion 2 Resist salt L:- Mild oxidising agent- dye reduce ajaims sé Sodium bicarbonate:- Reactive dye @ fix Qowings. Weak alkali- aya@ey paste stability urgéatuGaigedaney, ; HALF EMULSION PASTE 345. parts. water 200 parts Keroscene Emulsion Thickener 25 parts Emulsifier W 200 parts sodium alginate 6% 20 parts Sodium bicarbonate 200 parts Urea : 10 parts Resist salt L 1000 parts PRINT PASTE SO parts Reactive dye 250 _parts stock thickening or half emulsion paste, : 1000 _parts . Process Print using any method Dry at 90°-100°C ‘Steam for 5 to 10 minutes in Rapid ager ¥ -15 to 20 minutes in star ager Hot wash Y Rinse» soap with Lissapol D(Igpl)and Soda ash (2gpl) at boil for 15 minutesbios 2. BAKING OR THERMO FIXING Urea siiatb Cum. CoveriGub. Print » Dry —p Bake at 150°C for $ minutes 3.ELASH AGEING Paste without alkei » Print 5 Pad with alkali Steam at 140°C for 30 seconds 4, WET DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Paste without alkai y Print yTreat with alkaline solution at 95°C for 15 seconds 5,SILICATE PADDING Paste without alkai 5 Print 5 Pad wi Sodium silicate—>Batch for 12 to 14 hours DIRECT STYLE OF PRINTING POLYESTER WITH DISPERSE DYES PRINT PASTE 1-200 parts Disperse dye 175 parts water 5. parts citric acid or Sodium di hydrogen phosphate 20 parts Fixation accelerator 5 parts Sodium chlorate or Resist salt L 500 parts Indaloa AGBV ‘1000 parts Function of each agent Citric acid or Sodium di hydrogen phosphate:- acid donor Sodium chlorate or Resist salt L~ Mild oxidising agent- Steaming Gurgy dye reduce esis, HoSAng1. Fixation accelerator: dye absorption @ oasléaipgi. Example: O-phenyl phenol Indalen AGBY- Thickener Process Print using any method Dry at 90°-100°C ’ Fixation* ¥S6 Reduction clearing. 1 gpl wetting agent, gpl NaOH, 1-2 gpl Hydrose Temperature: 40-50 °C Warm wash > cold wash Softening > dry + FIXATION i, with carrier o-pheny! phenol , Steaming for 20-40 minutes at 100 °C-- carrier OSE Teter EU BaieiGe, Qeoarssbuied light fasiness ungbébascugin ti Steaming at 30 Ibssq.nch for 30 ainutes 4, Thermo fixing at 200°C for 40-50 seconds BB texurised polyester ds TH DBere,sider puihied (om miMter sunfss Spear aykipmnsmm germs QoinTs essen IorsiiDd. 1. 9G colour 4g, 9G ovale: GoiGd. Design ~ |B twacing paper sd Vikck ink BO amIsZBarchonCamiGHSHNS possilive ssi uw. 2. adaifer gumiss GugbuTed sperm Bpinscuce Cuvetyrs gieMlemy visit UGABISpriesh. spec gieflmu sGsaieG. wysSems Csumiucl Fg SCLpHod gaiviesd ose CUNGsS CaseGb.GB sensitizer ~polymer solution ® coat Geum CousstGw 3, ebsites aeivGunerOns Osis Coveri:Gw. Cun Bit Cased (pap B55 Yoo Bs sPswIe sdafer adoiGuredty OriminusGdps. BSB (Yompuded UneSiorsarm. sensitizers eater qpsiehersuicd , Gu (o) Berens gatuse cdarGuTad Geigrsd sina semuts Hovde unppuugssne. Sapare Spsorii LnoSiotsct ole simeied UWSUGSSLUGEee. (Beast (9) SPGUTEQEL Lodallanared ucssmred (PVS)). sensitizers’ sorte Cored oo Gyro Lusubsscuosing Bhsak. (wapde sdadvCuredt Cymaumen urodioh ibd sensitizer smyeemm0 sousnfibessomb 1. Geneocgat (perp + mangas) (A) Cggertige = 200 éigmb Gang sr + 500 afigmb 700 sign eengecd (B) oforafind emi GBynBint. + 10 ayn angst = 150 apm oRvrafun Bgou sensi = 80 gm 300 aipmb Cute surdstuL songesd (A) wip segeed (B) B% sobs Cosi. Qsme sree gyerfulst Cod ys Cai Smpuled, snp Osis Pansvuisd ahd ComiGobo POLY VINYL ALCOHOL METHOD ( PVA) UneSelensn aysdmpmrsd (15%) + 600 uss eGiorafuwd GOyrGwL. (33%) = 120 ues Sorting, Sr 240 us 1000 use Gute GHUSLL seosees adaiter giemfuler Bood Yr GastDH. UDG BOG simpused, SIMD Gaus Bensoude 2ovis, Corsi GW. seared yoTDes CBs aGssiuLL ASSpbeg asadCunedey ELissir Go actor aeitemnguist Bod mobs ComiGb. Une sri Gis ooigpint Srcifonsr Habs ErsiGd. Uns aderCurmim BAe saionngse uguied pstot Gore eens isdorg1 uyis mec epee Fyre Goflenus orbiter Giosd LGM Gans GoussiiGub FSGS Oot CEmauTE ord WWALOSSIUG Ode sosoon op @AAILGotomuy Copug OMps crew em pmb Be Uyars @fw gan - 5 Bibi Uyans eu gall - 10 PBL Uyaeb Empss @fu gal : 2 wont Camb Qwieh aioe 18 15 iL 150 ound. aliens 18 3 wer Bob TSmGuraSh WOH UDG areions BELG smpuld «OS wpwwd waisy shensd SUH CosiGd. aéearCuned per Gupib Gung yess ASD Bobs Quid seareura sms wip USPHash aéedCunad QruwiuBagsned wis BL pHs osion unoSoksct SOTUG Boom eoraepes iekigt goose bgind ect Bisod o stot Serums Unosorsst supa Curr GousfGusl alGaleapan sisveSLaveatied, erdaliea Giewflalod esto giowgrsSh S\am_UBaughlevanad. GSopud aéevGurm Ass Usui a cio uradiohesaet aangusnssteniosous SBSUGSS Shami. sempre sdsitoner 5 sub: sep Gout Pensoule afensnyfis Geis CumiGid. Ge patente sal x avis Cosa. GegQ@rLQ61 (pap Orr yo 50 uss unmoetigemamt. 50 ugg Gsmgund Gyno. 5 usdsestontic x usd 1000 ued uraGefienansd 2ysbesomted sir Lrsoysmae, 50 usd Gant Ue gnsdigamape 50 uel Sony AA ayer 20 uss soiiontr : X uel 1000 ues) qviitencr Cinpsai, sengeaied 1Scto2Sc Gaasfenauia 2 inant Cyd seen fiar Gauls. sartentiicy eqgal ay made CrsitBo. c ROTARY SCREEN MAKING: na kpsereng suTPssLUGAsiypen BSI OG syeTE CasmouiTsLo. 1. 9 matrix of steel cylinder g aGSgsOsraiG@ egsiBwed clecirplating esd Guramrg chemical g@ Us GauskGd 2. vine Bperss nickel g aaxbs1 0.08 to 0.2mm thickness bg electroplating eu Carex 3. pe nickel shell g 9@ solution od emp eausgi steel matrix 6 Boba ocr GovssiGib. nickel screen sHGurege BuUrgTa osm. 4, @pwiGine lacquer whprd sensitizer solution — QwCG simpalo erodes yo CaisiGid. Very orp Sptur CaeirGwd 5. Smwdesign este positive gg screen Giosd agi exposing machine 6> snausgi expose Gewus Gua. Screen sUGUNUgE Closinins wd FEAETEHGDEED 6. Worony screen hardening Geum GueinGid 7. End rings glueing Qsunus GeussiGw ‘TABLE SCREEN PRINTING Screen printing department &@ 50 to 60 yards engpstion table aot Gun Gurguensy Be aus) GpenoucuBedngs. Giesiige Gouiws Gurguorangingib) angle of gradiant is about 1” in 10° wignd 30° to 36” sGumacd Gumgiatas 75 to 80 21q sand SS” sien (45" sisaxd aug ecto table sot eUBunsinGSeouGSemyer. Gurgyarne wyesmonsteerey BunésuULe table set oBacuguis 2 uBumefed xsiogi Concrete table sep eUBunEiuGppOULemd table ssfié Gwsduginy 2 to 3 larger blanket sys cover60 Gouin 9G%Ei. oie me water proof cover ne 2 Gina) pinta CUTBSSUUL YDS Bw. Printing Goviupies potune, gue gon, table sb BI os Oanciaposre, adhesives © uBiunecuijasingy Table st sigh UgHuie electrical heater Seria Gps esraviis SOSSIVEDSU uwseUGngs. gexfscm tablesiuiey eae SMRBSUUCG. use whey screen Sawenaes Bye grLLEsuIpnd paste g emoucuipide, provision ssiiongy. Gungiouras 2 Stroke ee Gar@escuaips.. Alternate impression GanGcagned upsiny printing @ews, USBES Afar Goud dry gagis, stv seusneb Smeg Teint G5 uBudsd Printing Catuingadngs, Advantages of screen printing |. Simple process. esos» syfaiores machines @edenso, cheaper screens suitable for knitted and rayon fabries Blotch designs print Qaueugy arafigy, large design -up to 450 cm print Geuimeomd 6 sapehe B wasn oxeUuds Cun Quay Disadvantages of table screen printing 1. production ganpsy 2. BLO ofa egsnay 3. gradient effect print Qswegy expand 4. joint marks @ssuys 5. fine mesh SCIceNS sIpdaig SIM FSiOasraiyanth. AUTOMATIC FLAT BED SCREEN PRINTING CONSTRUCTION Be 9@ endless conveyor intermittent ays ssa AiemsUSed oismivsbastinc Garang Screens sioansend.og5 rail &) Cunespoucg, ail intermittent a5 Coad send seq S@mauicd sumndesiu Gating geiGeng screen #6 9G squeeze, motor ape63 QussatuBsng. Conveyor sit sipugsuisd gum applicatory unit gong blanket washing unit gsipib echong. gisafomu feed Asumi gq feeding unit, aovy eos Oo drying unit tb 2 shone. WORKING Sis GG pressure roller st 2_gatueh blanket st Wey gLLUULG intermittent aa SEGANB. S\BTAIg! OG swUAPsd gq screen repeat distance Begg. gHAUTWQS! screen rail EPiptia, siemens) SqUeeZE se move ss!. Slenenss). colour sen fabric stationary 6 GQesowunw9s! print GeiwiuGsws!. Ups screen rail Cw ews suuLG Sionfusrong! blanket 26H Getie: peeSpay. Fabric ergs blanket & QnsU vaseg AUGWAUTUOE His dryer ot 2 ciGm Busse AssrouruGsms. Printing paste , hose epaxd CanaiGarG embmiuGdipe.tpes conveyor, washing GaiiuscucG , BoxGi gum apply Csumiugelngy. Advantages 1. High production—8-15 metres per minute 2. Exact registration of prints 3. 6 stroke sing Ganges Buwand 4, labour G=expa 5. 8-10 colours capacity ROTARY SCREEN PRINTING MACHINE, Goiayb flat bed screen printing GuraBa Goss. 12, 15, 18 , 24 colour capacity Ganoin. machines asionen. Beypgs screen ayeng! roller aigeler Ges. 160, 180, 240 and 320 em width » shen design print Qeunu @wayb. Cuma Oring ofp : Bs QubsisHet sinwiy gpdaqepw au CLmomigd comm Gud abate Liflangty Quis Srddet oomourr 9551 Bose. thickener film o> wip ingredients ocr acrongy. xyenrs Gg fibro etek react ys CnisriGO.oaAted Sisqusr diffise ys CosiGd. soap diffuse ysssisy heat or moisture or moisture and heat Gganeu. aysGa printing (pybsarst 2x55 prints eg fix Geum Av after treatment GanGeatuBspgi. simauumever: 1. Curing or Baking: Hot air chamber 6» printed fabric g treat Qauigse0. High temperature o fibre molecular vibration sylswraigi.er auxiliaries polymerise or react zue print gy fibre aor fix Qswelpsy. Ex.. Pigment printing on cotton, Disperse printing on polyester and other thermoplastic fibres, 2. Steaming ; Cotton Gurr Hygrocsopic fibre ob dye gg use Gruss: print — Qsuimyo Gurgpas dye diffuse aygnigie heat and moisture BysiGio Cssnn..ysSeu 9G steam chamber sd fabric treat Gewane pare diffusion pis dye fix AS. BA BG amass vsitonox. i Atmospheric pressure steaming ii, High pressure steaming Ex... Printing of cotton, wool, silk and rayon using dyes 3. Silicate padding Reactive pint on cotton GeuinysCuraps moisture w alkali wb BupsrGe reactive dyes particularly vinyl sulphone dyes and cold brand dyes uSuanas cotton fibre gpist diffuse ay sisanet covalent bond amanda susvovsnay Printed fabric ep sodium silicate and urea solution o pad Gawigs roll Gres polyethylene sheet 24d cover Gewigy Usirexy 12 hours store QewuydCunugg: gisluded moisture aqoray evaporate ayetin sodium silicate fibre ob penetrate eye covalent bond form Geum 2 saying. CURING MACHINE @As» @G closed air chamber echeng.owapish two sets of guide rollers ULsPe ectory seowsslULsimer. 9G blowing fan paw Air Aas Oo lectrical heater or Gwed blow Geiiei heat Goiwoucg hot air chamber ser circulate QsuwiuGéng. sist expanding roller gpa crease gestBoig) chamber Boor AegyspiucG 1ersgi guide roller ayfwrs pass 9G slit onurs piowpbe guide rollers oufuns Ossi Veni oGs slit onfunes ously. RAPID AGER a eel 196g Steam © ctor heat giatiow heat Guidi 285 owund steam heat gp Buvtuislems> condense sys water eum engines BSS condensed water gusrudair 61 alores> AeésGa chamber ot Gicc¥598 inclined AUS 2 sieng oxo water Sufibs! chamber botiom @ siaiigy Getoay Coueibuxsncugaimgs. Atmospheric pressure @ 100°C nb High pressure steming & 130°C femperature eumnguigud steaming Gov Guia 20IV. FINISHING: 96 Srmiuler UUM Yeahs peieno (properties) udp Ceri ayshusysonp giefulsd gpuGSsginGs finishing ye. OBJECTIVES OF FINISHING To improve appearance — Lustre, whiteness ete. To improve fee! ~ softness, stiffness, suppleness, fullness To improve wearing qualities—Non soiling, Anticrease . To impart Special properties like water proofing, flame proofing 1 2 3 4 + 5. gisluler @anpaemen( Faults) wags QeuwiUEaps 6. To increase the weight of the fabric 7. To increase the attractivenss of the fabric 8. To increase the servicesbility of the fabric %, ). To increase the sale value of the material ‘TYPES OF FINISH FINISHING [ Temporaary finish Permanent finish ‘Semi permanent finish | Temporaary P > Sera I Mechanical] [Chemical ‘Mechanical [[chemicat [Mechanical | [Chemical T y ¥ y y y y Calendering ——-Starching Sanforising Resin finishing Shreiner Bukram Embossing Stiffeneing Milling of wool Water proof calendering ‘finish 7 Softening, Raising. Flame proof Mercerising i Parchmentising | - Soil release Temporary finish : wash Qswigayox Byer. Semi permanent finish: 5-10 washes giraigib. Usrory Bubssdow Permanent finish 1 gienhules life wpwetd PlnopAGsew.Chemial finshes eg Speciony amsiugssend fo CHEMICAL FINISHES DEPOSITION TYPE REACTIVE TYPE Eg : Parchmentising I Mercerising (PERMANENT ] Flame retardant [ Velan PF) Chlorination of woo! Eg : Starch Be: Synthetic Soil Release (EOF) Wax (soft) Besa Ant Allare permanent Optical acrproot 1. To give the stiffitess to the fabric 2. To increase the weight of the fabric 3. Warp iat Weft thread seme @ OsuuwiGng.( Fillers) 4. To increase the value of the fabric Fabrics to be stiffened * Army uniform, sirt collars, cuffs, ogandi sarees, cotton sarees, calico fabric STIFFENING AGENTS Natural Starches ] | Medea starches Synthetic stiffeners + Gairgianto starch + Dextrin + Poly vinyl Acetate + maize starch + soluble starch + Poly Vinyl + 8 gmmadigiig, + Carboxy Metiy! Alcohol(PVA) + GAALG, Cellulose(CMC) + Poly Vinyl + Roueun + Hyrdoxy Ethyl ChloridePvcy Cellulose + Poly AcrylamideWt VARIOUS TYPES OF STARCH FINISHING 1, Light starching 2. Heavy starching 3. Back starching 4, Buckrum finish 1 Light starching: > Mainsook, mulls, voils Qeusexsq Gurgioras light finishing OanGSsLUBEpB. Reciepe Maize starch Sibs ——]_____Stiffeneing agents Farina Sibs — Waxol PA 10 lbs ____ Softener Water 50 Ibs Preparation Maize and farina mai wpsied Ape: saat of G pores paste QoumiucG Werarir Sips 60 gallons sakentr CotdaiucG Comauwrer solution sumfsasudins. Apes Gy pss CanDdsmndseousdne.. ung Gays Percoule» waxol PA (Softener) Gerseuuddpss. pee Casino Am ouphars Beret whitening Agent sme Criss Qasrettensomi. Application Padding in two bow! padding mangle. —> Drying —PCalendering 2. Heavy starching > Coarselong cloth #6 CanGsaiuGene Reciepe Maize starch 50 Ibs Farina $0 lbs all in 140 gallons of water Dextrine 50 Ibs Tallow 50 Ibs Preparation Light finish -a; paste gun Qows (VamuUGatu Osis Asim GasrGu. Application Padding in two bowl padding mangle. —> Stentering —® damping —» Calendering72 3. Back-Filling (Or) Rack Starching: > wafer 99 side od wOGd thick starch Paste e apply Gewgy Weiroxy excess starch @ scrap Quuiasresd > Gurgisines low quality long cloth, Book binding cloth wafer warp and welt Goflat gap sen cover Gowsusians Biya 2 ulunsinGs signs, > gioilulsh aero wesfiess Cawumingapgs. Recipe Starch 100 gpl Stiffeneing agent China clay: SOgpl —— Weighting agent Wetting agent : 0.5 gpl -- To wet and to soften Borax Tepl - Antiseptic agent ( Mildew growth eg sGuusjere) OBA As required --- To get whiteness TOMMY-DODD BACK FILLING MACHINE A~ Cotton Bowl B ~ Starch solution C-Brass doctor D~Rubber doctor E~Fabric to be finished Bis paste @ used MU tguysiton back starching machine ~si gpoxd apply GoutuitGng. gis solution @ eS @ Gausius SubseLst, Brass doctor guesfuss> a_ciron OXCESS paste @B auBengs. Bysamned starch gienfuled osha warp and weft @en@ur ote SAPS B sim. seing. Asie paste eens very thick ss BGE5 Casigi, Process Sequence Pad Dry —> Damping ——>Calender Receipe For Mull Cloth Maize starch 25 Ibs Rashnol 10 Ibs Ranipal BVN 2 Ibs Borax 8 Ibs Coomasive violet R200 2. gms Water (total ) 100 gallons