Talks about impossible conditions and results

Describing jobs | Idioms:work Reported questions and commands

Highly-skilled | Started the ball rolling (begin a project) Yes/no Questions: it, whether
High-flying (well paid; | Had/have a lot on his plate (“did you bring the book I asked you to?”
lot of promotions) | (a lot of responsibilities) She asked me if/whether I had brought the
Glamorous | Put his/one’s feet up (relax) book she had asked me to)
Repetitive | Thrown in at the deep end Commands: verb+object+to+infinitive
Dead-end (no promotions) | (difficult situation without help) (“Give me that key!” she told me
Varied | Show him/someone the ropes (teach something) She told me to give her that key)
Stressful | Rise to the challenge (try your best to W Questions: usar a mesma palavra
Worthwhile (vale a pena) | do something difficult) (“where did you park your car?”, he asked me
Challenging | The bottom line (the most important reason) He asked me where I had parked my car)

Words often confused | Adverb-adjective collocations Don’t give___not to give

Actually: really | Highly beneficial Could he___he could
Currently: at the moment | Entirely convinced
Latest: the most recent | Widely available
Last: final | Exceptionally careful
Consequently: as a result | Fairly tasteless (without taste)
Consistently: regularly | Somewhat difficult
Sympathetic: understand other’s feelings | Utterly repulsive (very unpleasant)
Friendly: happily communicating | (utterly: totalmente)
Eventually: in the end/finally | Universally accepted Direct Speech___Reported speech
Possibly: perhaps/maybe | Am,is______was | Are_______were
Do,does_____did | Have,has____had
May______might | Must_____had to
here______there | now_______then
this________that | these_____those
ago,last______before
Successful presentation Next________the following
Introducing a topic | Giving an example Want(s), go(es)____wanted, went
I’d like to talk to you today about… | To give you an example… wanted, went_____has wanted, had gone
I’m going to look briefly at… | To illustrate this point… today________that day
In this presentation, my subject will be…| A good example of this is… yesterday_____the day before/the previous day
Sequencing events | tomorrow______the next day/the following day
I’ll begin by telling you… | Concluding
Moving on to | So, to conclude,…
Lets begin by… | Finally, to sum up…
Now let’s look at… | In conclusion
Present simple__________Past simple
Present continuous___Past continuous
Conflict | Phrasal verbs: relationships
Past simple___________Past perfect
Opposition | Got over (return to his usual self)
Present perfect________Past perfect
Discrimination | Make up (be friends again)
Can____could
Struggle | Broke down
Will____would
Boycott (ban/refusal) | Caught up with
Yours, our__my,their | We____they
Threats | Ran into
Demonstrations | Open up (talk freely)
Marches | Stick up for
Injustice | Hit it off (liked each other immediately)
| Pick on (o que os bullies fazem)

Defining relative clauses

Who/that
Which/that
Whose
Where
When
(“This is the book. I lent her the book”
This is the book (that) I lent her)

Perception/observation | Sight and sound

Detect | Stare
View | Peer (to look closely at something
Notice | when you can’t see it clearly)
Realized | Whisper
Distinguish | Blink
Differentiate | Snore
Consider | Snuffle (animals)

Third conditional
If + subject + past perfect,subject +
+would/could/might + have + past participle
(If Beatrice’s family had had (have) $20,
they could have afforded (can afford) to pay..)

Refers to imaginary events in the past