Extension & Prototype

Group 2 of Semantics course

 Hi, everyone!
These are our personnels:
Muhammad Iqbal (2211421151) Kevin Restu Saputra (2211421161)
Muhammad Farouk Ar-Ridwan (2211421153) Jepli Kenrinus (2211420083)
Nadya Sekar Kinanti (2211421158) Irfan Indra Pangestu (2211421150)
Extension
Is the set of all individuals to which that
predicate can truthfully be applied. It is the
set of things which can POTENTIALLY be
referred to by using an expression whose main
element is that predicate.
Example:
Car --> T-car by Henry Ford, truck, Tesla,
Ferrari, Taxi.

Example above is extension of car, which is a

complete set of four-wheeled vehicle.
 Prototype
is an object which is held to be very TYPICAL of
the kind of object which can be referred to by
an expression containing the predicate. In
other words, the prototype of a predicate can
be thought of as the most typical member of
the extension of a predicate.
 Ostensive Defintion
Ostensive definition is the easy way to
understand the concept of prototype. It is the
process when a toddler being told about a cat,
where the mother points a particular walking
cat nearby their house. This method become
the useful way for human on the acquisition of
categories in human language. Yet, abstract
things such as ambition or electricity cannot be
taught with such definition.
 Example
-Tiger is a prototype of big cat
-Ferrari is a prototype of supercar
-Beef Rendang is a prototype of Indonesia
culinary cuisine

Each mentioned item above is a prototype of

each category, since each item is a typical
member of certain predicate's extension.
Conclusion
The EXTENSION of a predicate is the
complete set of all things which could
potentially (i.e. in any possible utterance)
be the referent of a referring expression
whose head constituent is that predicate.
A PROTOTYPE of a predicate is a typical
member of its extension.
Gracias!
Thank you for your attention!