PRESENT PERFECT TENSE AND ADVERB

Compiled By :
AMINAH ZAHARA
SUNDARI

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING

STIT DARUL FATAH

2021
 PREFACE

In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful. The praise be to Allah,

the Lord of the worlds, and the sequel is for those who keep their duty into Him,

further, here will be no hostility except against wrongdoers. Praise gratitude to Allah

SWT because of His all ni’mat and hidayah the authors can finished this paper that

was entitled “Present Perfect Tense and Adverb”. Shalawat and greetings are always

poured out to our lord the Prophet Muhammad SAW, who became a role model for

all of us.

The completion of this paper can not be separated from the help of some

people and the authors are very thankful for that. The authors hopes that all of the

assistance that has been given to the authors will be replied by Allah SWT. Aamiin.

The authors realizes that this paper is not perfect yet so critism and suggestion are

very welcome. Hopefully this simple paper will be useful to many people. Thank you.

Lampung Selatan, November 2021

Group ...

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE.........................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Formulations................................................................................2
1.3 Objectives...................................................................................................2

CHAPTER II MATERIAL OF PRESENTATION

2.1 Present Perfect Tense..................................................................................3

2.2 Present Perfect Tense Formula....................................................................4
2.3 Present Perfect Tense Function...................................................................6
2.4 Adverb.........................................................................................................6
2.5 Types of Adverb..........................................................................................6

CHAPTER III CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................8
3.2 Suggestion...................................................................................................8

REFERENCE .................................................................................................9

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

English is very important in this era. According to Rao (2019) English has been
accepted as a global language among speakers of thousands of different languages.
Almost all fields around the world such as science, engineering and technology,
medicine, trade and commerce, research, tourism, education, internet, banking,
business, advertising, film industry, transportation, pharmacy and many more have
used English. Therefore, learning English is very necessary.

In this era, many countries are competing to include English in their lessons in
schools. In order to create students who are able to use English well. In learning
English, we must mastering four skills, they are listening, speaking, reading, and
writing. In addition, when we want to learn English, we also have to increase our
vocabulary and understand grammar. Grammar is the system for organising a
language. Grammar allows us to structure our sentences, even our thoughts and ideas.

In grammar there are several tenses. Grammar tenses refer to the state of the verb.
The tense of the verb explains the time of the action. There are three major tenses in
English. These include past, present, and future. Each of these tenses can explain an
event that occurred in the past, an event that occurs in the present, or an event that
will occur in the future.

In addition to learning about tenses, we also have to master the part of speech. Parts
of speech is a classification of words that are categorized from their role and function
in the sentence structure of a language. There are eight classifications of part of
speech, they are noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and
interjection. So, on this occasion we will discuss about grammar, especially present
perfect tense and adverb.

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1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is present perfect tense?

2. What are the formula for making Present Perfect Tense sentence?
3. What are the function of present perfect tense?
4. What is adverb?
5. What types of adverb?

1.3 Objectives

1. To know about present perfect tense.

2. To understand the formula for making present perfect tense sentence.
3. To understand about function of present perfect tense.
4. To know about adverb.
5. To know the types of adverb.

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 CHAPTER II

MATERIAL OF PRESENTATION

2.1 Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an
indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past and
continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last hour). This
tense is formed by have/has + the past participle.

Present Perfect Tense (finish time now) is a tense used to express actions, events,
events that happened in the past and still have something to do with it now or to
indicate an event that is completed in a short time.

To form the Present Perfect Tense sentence we need to know about the shape of the
auxiliary used in the present perfect tense is "to have". We use the present perfect for
something that started in the past and continues in the present. Present perfect tense is
composed of subject, auxiliary (have / has), and the past participle (Verb forms III),
for example:

-I have eaten noodle

-We have gone to school

-She has studied English

Auxiliary Verb is divided in two forms, namely:

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1. Singular

( I have, You have, she / he / it has)

2. Plural

(We have, You have, They Have)

- Past participle or verb in the present perfect tense is used Verb III. Past participle is
divided in two parts:

- Regular verbs, for example: talk = talked, study = studied, cook = cooked, etc.

- Irregular verb, for example: go = gone, eat = eaten, see = seen, etc.

2.2 Present Perfect Tense Formula

The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past
participle of a verb.

2.2.1 Verbal Sentence

Formula:

(+) Subject + Have/Has + V3 + Object

(-) Subject + Have/Has + Not + V3 + Object

(?) Have/Has + Subject + V3 + Object?

Example:

(+) She has lived in London all her life.

(-) She has not lived in London all her life.

(?) Has she lived in London all her life?

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2.2.2 Nominal Sentence

Formula:

(+) Subject + Have/Has + Been + Nominal

(-) Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Nominal

(?) Have/Has + Subject + Been + Nominal?

Example:

(+) They have been married for nearly fifty years.

(-) They have not been married for nearly fifty years.

(+) Have they been married for nearly fifty years?

2.2.3 To Be

To be used in the present perfect tense varies depending on the subject, as

follows:

- Have: I, you, they, we

- Has : He, she, it

2.2.4 Time signal that are often used in the present perfect tense

- So far (Sangat jauh)
- Up to now (Sampai sekarang)
- Until now (Sampai saat ini)
- Already (Sudah)
- Never (Tidak pernah)
- Ever (Pernah)
- Not yet (Belum)
- Just (Hanya)

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 - Recently (Baru)
- Since (Sejak)
- For (Untuk)

2.3 Present Perfect Tense Function

There are several functions in using present perfect tense.

Functions:

- To express an action that was done in the past and is still ongoing today.
- To explain an action that has been completed perfectly.
- To explain an act of repetition at an uncertain time before now.

Examples:

- She has waited you since afternoon.

- Aisyah has given me a book.
- I have never promised to meet her.

2.4 Adverb

Adverb usually used to describe or modify a verb (verb), adjective (adjective), or

other adverb. However, adverbs never describe a noun and usually answer the
questions how, when, where, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Not
only that, adverbs of an adjective usually end in –ly particles, such as deeply,
extremely, happily, fairly, and others, but there are also adverbs that are not derived
from adjectives such as very, somewhat, only, quite, and so on.

2.5 The Types of Adverbs

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- Adverb of place and direction
Adverb of place and direction is an adverb that expresses the place and
direction (where something is done or is).
Words: away, behind, here, nearby, somewhere.
Example: A smart boy is sitting here.
- Adverb of Manner
Adverb of manner is an adverb that shows the way (how something is done).
Words: fast, hard, slowly, softly, quickly
Example: He sings a song beautifully.

- Adverb of degree
Adverb of degree is an adverb that shows the meaning of level or intensity
(how strong, weak, often, big, etc. something is).
Words: enough, quite, so, too, very
Example: The tool is highly useful.

- Adverb of time
Adverb of Time is an adverb that shows the time (when an event occurs).
Words: early, recently, yesterday, now, tonight.
Example: She is studying English now.

- Adverb of frequency
Adverb of frequency is an adverb that expresses frequency (how often an
activity is done or something happens).
Words: always, barely, daily, often, sometimes
Example: She usually comes late to the class.

- Adverb of purpose
Adverb of purpose is an adverb that explains the purpose or reason for doing
an activity or event.

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 Words: to, for, because, so, so that, therefore
Example: I went to Jakarta to visit my grandmother.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

1. The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an
indefinite time in the past or began in the past and continued to the present
time.
2. Present perfect tenses divided into two, they are verbal sentence and nominal
sentence. Time signal that used in present perfect tense, such as so far, up to
now, since, for, etc.
3. There are several functions of present perfect tense, they are to express an
action that was done in the past and is still ongoing today, to explain an action
that has been completed perfectly, and to explain an act of repetition at an
uncertain time before now.
4. Adverb usually used to describe or modify a verb (verb), adjective (adjective),
or other adverb.

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 5. Types of adverb, they are adverb of place and direction, adverb of manner,
adverb of degree, adverb of time, adverb of frequency, and adverb of purpose.

3.2 Suggestion

Learning grammar is one way to master English. Tenses and part of speech are an
important part of grammar. By studying the word structure of a language, it will be
easy to learn it.

REFERENCE

Harismatin, M. (2018). Present Perfect Tense. Tangerang.

Rao, P. S. (2019). The Role of English As A Global Language. An International

Peer-Reviewed English Journal, 65.

https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/english-tips/parts-of-speech/

https://englishplusplus.id/adverb/