LORENZO, JIM LEE F.

REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

BSME 5-1 ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

Answer the following:

1. What is reversible and irreversible process in thermodynamics work done?

In thermodynamics, a reversible process is one that can be reversed by an infinitesimal change

in its parameters, while an irreversible process cannot be reversed without some net effect on the
surroundings. Reversible and irreversible processes differ in terms of work done.

Reversible Process:

In a reversible process, the system changes its state in such a way that it can be brought back to
its original state by reversing the exact same path. In other words, the system undergoes changes very
slowly and is in equilibrium with its surroundings at each stage of the process. During a reversible
process, the system is always close to equilibrium, and the changes occur infinitesimally slowly.

Irreversible Process:

In an irreversible process, the system undergoes changes that deviate from the path required to
reverse the process. These changes occur rapidly, and the system may not be in equilibrium with its
surroundings at each stage. Irreversible processes are associated with dissipative effects, such as
friction, heat transfer across finite temperature differences, or irreversibilities caused by rapid
expansions or compressions.

2. What is the difference between IHP and BHP in the compressor?

IHP (Indicated Horsepower):

Indicated Horsepower is a measure of the power output of the compressor's cylinders. It represents the
power developed within the cylinders during the compression process. IHP is calculated based on the
cylinder pressure, piston area, and the stroke length. It provides an indication of the work done by the
compressor in compressing the gas.

BHP (Brake Horsepower):

Brake Horsepower is a measure of the actual power delivered by the compressor's shaft or output. It
represents the useful power available at the compressor's output shaft, taking into account any power
losses that occur within the compressor, such as friction, leakage, or mechanical losses. BHP is typically
measured using a dynamometer, which is a device used to measure power output.
The key difference between IHP and BHP is that IHP is based on the power developed within the
cylinders, while BHP takes into account the actual power delivered by the compressor's shaft. In other
words, IHP represents the theoretical power output of the compressor's cylinders, while BHP represents
the effective power available for performing useful work.

3. Illustrate the P-H and T-S diagram of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.