Simplex Lap Winding

By : Dr. Atul R. Phadke

Associate Professor and Head of Electrical Engineering Department
Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon
SIMPLEX LAP WINDING:

Back end
YB

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
YF
YR
Front end
(Commutator end)

YC
(a) Simplex lap winding

In lap winding, the finishing end of one coil is connected to a commutator segment
and to the starting end of the adjacent coil which is situated under the same pole
and so on.

2
SIMPLEX LAP WINDING:
Following points regarding simplex lap winding should be noted carefully:
1. The back and front pitches are odd and of opposite sign. YB and YF are not equal. They
differ by 2 or some multiple of 2.
2. Both YB and YF should be nearly equal to pole pitch.
3. The average pitch YA = (YB + YF) / 2. It is equal to pole pitch.
4. Commutator pitch YC = ± 1.
5. Resultant pitch YR = YB - YF. It is even as it is the difference of two odd numbers.
6. In two-layer winding, there are two conductors in each slot. Thus, number of slots is
equal to the number of coils. It is also equal to the number of commutator segments.
7. The number of parallel paths in the armature = mP. Where, m is the multiplicity and P is
the number of poles. For simplex winding, m = 1, therefore, number of parallel paths =
number of poles.
8. If YB > YF, then we get a progressive or right-handed winding, i.e., a winding which
progresses in the clockwise direction as seen from the commutator end. In this case YC
= +1.
9. If YB < YF, then we get a retrogressive or left-handed winding, i.e., a winding which
progresses in the anticlockwise direction as seen from the commutator end. In this case
YC = - 1. 3
SIMPLEX LAP WINDING:

Developed diagram of simplex lap wound armature winding for a 4-pole generator with 24
conductors.

Pole pitch = 24/4 = 6.

YB and YF must be nearly equal to pole pitch and should differ by 2.

For progressive or right-handed winding YB > YF.

 YB = (Z/P) + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7 and

YF = (Z/P) - 1 = 6 - 1 = 5

4
WINDING TABLE:
Sr. Back connection Front connection
No.

1 1 to (1 + 7) = 8 8 to (8 – 5) = 3
2 3 to (3 + 7) = 10 10 to (10 – 5) = 5
3 5 to (5 + 7) = 12 12 to (12 – 5) = 7
4 7 to (7 + 7) = 14 14 to (14 – 5) = 9
5 9 to (9 + 7) = 16 16 to (16 – 5) = 11
6 11 to (11 + 7) = 18 18 to (18 – 5) = 13
7 13 to (13 + 7) = 20 20 to (20 – 5) = 15
8 15 to (15 + 7) = 22 22 to (22 – 5) = 17
9 17 to (17 + 7) = 24 24 to (24 – 5) = 19
10 19 to (19 + 7) = 26 = 26 – 24 = 2 26 to (26 – 5) = 21
11 21 to (21 + 7) = 28 = 28 – 24 = 4 28 to (28 – 5) = 23
12 23 to (23 + 7) = 30 = 20 – 24 = 6 30 to (30 – 5) = 25 = 25 – 24 = 1 5
DEVELOPED DIAGRAM:

19 21 23
2 4 Sr. Back connection Front connection
6 No.
1 1 to (1 + 7) = 8 8 to (8 – 5) = 3
2 3 to (3 + 7) = 10 10 to (10 – 5) = 5
3 5 to (5 + 7) = 12 12 to (12 – 5) = 7
N S N S 4 7 to (7 + 7) = 14 14 to (14 – 5) = 9
5 9 to (9 + 7) = 16 16 to (16 – 5) = 11
23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
2
6 11 to (11 + 7) = 18 18 to (18 – 5) = 13
7 13 to (13 + 7) = 20 20 to (20 – 5) = 15
21 4 8 15 to (15 + 7) = 22 22 to (22 – 5) = 17
9 17 to (17 + 7) = 24 24 to (24 – 5) = 19
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 19 to (19 + 7) = 26 = 26 – 24 = 2 26 to (26 – 5) = 21
+ - - 11 21 to (21 + 7) = 28 = 28 – 24 = 4 28 to (28 – 5) = 23
+
12 23 to (23 + 7) = 30 = 30 – 24 = 6 30 to (30 – 5) = 25 = 25 – 24 = 1

It can be noted from the developed diagram that the brushes are placed on the polar
axis whereas coils connected to it are from the interpolar region.

6
DIVISION OF CURRENT IN SIMPLEX LAP WINDING
19 21 23
2 4
6 1 8 3 10 5 12
Ia / 4
1+
Ia / 4
6 23 4 21 2 19
N S N S
+ Ia / 2
23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 - 4-
2 Ia Ia / 2

21 4 13 20 15 22 17 24
Ia / 4 _
7+
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ia / 4
18 11 16 9 14 7
+ - + -

If Ia is the total armature current, then current in each parallel path = Ia / 4 as number
of poles is 4.

7
SIMPLEX LAP WINDING:

From the above discussion, for simplex lap winding it can be concluded that:
1. The total number of brushes is equal to the number of poles.
2. The number of parallel paths in the armature is equal to the number of poles.
3. The number of conductors in one parallel path is equal to Z / P. Where, Z is total
number of armature conductors and P is number of poles.
4. The emf induced between the positive and negative brushes is equal to the emf
induced in one of the parallel paths, i.e., emf induced in Z/P conductors.
5. If Ia is the total armature current, then the current in one parallel path is equal to Ia / 4.