Matemática 4º año – Problemas integradores: soluciones de las actividades

1) 𝑎1 = 3 𝑘𝑚 𝑦 𝑑 = 1.5 𝑘𝑚; 𝑎𝑛 = 21 𝑘𝑚 ⟶ 𝑛?
21 = 3 + (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 1,5 ⟶ 18 = (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 1,5 ⟶ 12 = 𝑛 − 1 ⟶ 13 días = 𝑛
2) Vale 32, porque si 𝑎2 + 𝑎13 = 32 por propiedad se cumple que: 𝑎1 + 𝑎14 = 𝑎3 + 𝑎12 =
= 𝑎4 + 𝑎11 = 𝑎5 + 𝑎10 = 𝑎6 + 𝑎9 = 𝑎7 + 𝑎8 = 32
1
3) 𝑎1 = $104.800 𝑦 𝑟 = 2

1 5−1 1 1
a) 𝑎5 = 104800 ⋅ ( ) ⟶ 𝑎5 = 104800 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑎5 = $6550
2 16

1 𝑛−1 1 1 𝑛−1 1 3 1 𝑛−1

b) 13100 = 104800 ⋅ ( ) ⟶ =( ) ⟶( ) =( ) ⟶3=𝑛−1⟶4=𝑛
2 8 2 2 2
1 10 1023
[( ) −1] (− ) 1023
2 1024
c) 𝑆10 = 104800 ⋅ 1 ⟶ 𝑆10 = 104800 ⋅ 1 ⟶ 𝑆10 = 104800 ⋅ 512
⟶
−1 −
2 2

⟶ 𝑆10 = $209.395,31
4) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2, no es aritmética ni geométrica.
5) 𝑎1 = 5 𝑦 𝑎5 = 21
𝑎5 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ 21 = 5 + (5 − 1) ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ 16 = 4 ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ 4 = 𝑑
𝑎2 = 5 + 4 ⟶ 𝑎2 = 9
𝑎3 = 9 + 4 ⟶ 𝑎3 = 13
𝑎4 = 13 + 4 ⟶ 𝑎4 = 17
6) 𝑎1 = 101; 𝑎𝑛 = 199 𝑦 𝑑 = 2
199 = 101 + (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 2 ⟶ 98 = (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 2 ⟶ 49 = 𝑛 − 1 ⟶ 50 = 𝑛
1
𝑆50 = (101 + 199) ⋅ 50 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆50 = 300 ⋅ 25 ⟶ 𝑆50 = 7500
2
7) 𝑎1 = 1000𝑦 𝑎4 = 8; 𝑆5 ?

1 3 1 1
𝑎4 = 1000 ⋅ 𝑟 4−1 ⟶ 8 = 1000 ⋅ 𝑟 3 ⟶ = 𝑟3 ⟶ √ =𝑟⟶ =𝑟
125 125 5

1 5 3124
[( ) − 1] (− )
5 3125 ⟶ 𝑆 = 1000 ⋅ 781 ⟶
𝑆5 = 1000 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆5 = 1000 ⋅ 5
1 4 625
−1 −
5 5
6248
⟶ 𝑆5 = = 1249,6
5
8) 𝑎1 = 100 𝑚𝑔; 𝑑 = −5 𝑦 𝑛 = 12
𝑎12 = 100 + (12 − 1) ⋅ (−5) ⟶ 𝑎12 = 100 + (−55) ⟶ 𝑎12 = 45 𝑚𝑔
1
𝑆12 = (100 + 45) ⋅ 12 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆12 = 870 𝑚𝑔
2
9) 5; 10; 20; … , 𝑎𝑛 = 640 ⟶ 𝑛?
20 10
𝑟= = =2
10 5
640 = 5 ⋅ 2𝑛−1 ⟶ 128 = 2𝑛−1 ⟶ 27 = 2𝑛−1 ⟶ 7 = 𝑛 − 1 ⟶ 8 = 𝑛
Matemática 4º año – Problemas integradores: soluciones de las actividades

10) 𝑎1 = 4,5 𝑚 𝑦 𝑎8 = 9,75 𝑚

a) 𝑎8 = 4,5 + (8 − 1) ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ 9,75 = 4,5 + 7 ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ 5,25 = 7 ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ 0,75 𝑚 = 𝑑
b) 𝑎17 = 4,5 + (17 − 1) ⋅ 0,75 ⟶ 𝑎17 = 4,5 + 12 ⟶ 𝑎17 = 16,5 𝑚
11) 𝑎1 = $400, 𝑑 = $150 𝑦 𝑎𝑛 = $92.500 ⟶ 𝑛?
𝑎𝑛 = 400 + (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 150 ⟶ 92500 = 400 + (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 150 ⟶ 92100 = (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 150
⟶ 614 = 𝑛 − 1 ⟶ 615 𝑚 = 𝑛 2
12)

Este es un esquema de árbol genealógico que ayuda a entender la situación planteada.

𝑎1 = 2 𝑦 𝑟 = 2
𝑎𝑛 = 2 ⋅ 2𝑛−1
(210 −1) 1024−1
𝑆10 = 2 ⋅ 2−1
⟶ 𝑆10 = 2 ⋅ 1
⟶ 𝑆10 = 2046 Ancestros

13) 𝑎𝑛 = 1 ⋅ (−2)𝑛−1 , es una progresión geométrica.

14) 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑑 = 1 𝑦 𝑆𝑛 = 820 ⟶ 𝑛?
𝑎𝑛 = 1 + (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 1 ⟶ 𝑎𝑛 = 1 + 𝑛 − 1 ⟶ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛
1 1
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) ⋅ 𝑛 ⋅ ⟶ 820 = (1 + 𝑛) ⋅ 𝑛 ⋅ ⟶ 1640 = 𝑛 + 𝑛2 ⟶
2 2
⟶ 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 1640 = 0
Aplicando fórmula resolvente: 𝑛1 = 40 filas 𝑦 𝑛2 = −41
15) 𝑛 = 5, 𝑎1 ⋅ 𝑎5 = 2500 𝑦 𝑎2 = 20
Si , 𝑎1 ⋅ 𝑎5 = 2500 entonces por propiedad se cumple que: 𝑎2 ⋅ 𝑎4 = 2500 de donde
resulta: 𝑎2 ⋅ 𝑎4 = 2500 ⟶ 20 ⋅ 𝑎4 = 2500 ⟶ 𝑎4 = 125
20
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 ⋅ 𝑟 ⟶ 20 = 𝑎1 ⋅ 𝑟 ⟶ 𝑟
= 𝑎1 (1)

𝑎4 = 𝑎1 ⋅ 𝑟 4−1 ⟶ 125 = 𝑎1 ⋅ 𝑟 3 (2)

20 25 25 5
Reemplazo (1) en (2): 125 = 𝑟
⋅ 𝑟3 ⟶ 4
= 𝑟 2 ⟶ ±√ 4 = 𝑟 ⟶ ± 2 = 𝑟
Matemática 4º año – Problemas integradores: soluciones de las actividades

5 20
Si 𝑟 = 2 tenemos que: 𝑎1 = 5 ⟶ 𝑎1 = 8
2

Entonces
5 5 3093
[( ) − 1] ( )
2 1031 1031
𝑆5 = 8 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆5 = 8 ⋅ 32 ⟶ 𝑆5 = 8 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆5 = = 515,5
5 3 16 16
2 − 1 2
3
5 20
Si 𝑟 = − 2 tenemos que: 𝑎1 = 5 ⟶ 𝑎1 = −8
(− )
2

Entonces
5 5 3157
[(− ) − 1] (− )
2 32 ⟶ 𝑆 = (−8) ⋅ 451 ⟶ 𝑆 = − 451 = −225,5
𝑆5 = (−8) ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆5 = (−8) ⋅ 5 5
5 7 16 16
(− ) − 1 (− )
2 2
16) a) 𝑎1 = 12 𝑚, 𝑑 = 6 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = 20
𝑎20 = 12 + (20 − 1) ⋅ 6 ⟶ 𝑎20 = 12 + 19 ⋅ 6 ⟶ 𝑎20 = 126 𝑚
1
𝑆20 = (12 + 126) ⋅ 20 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆20 = 138 ⋅ 10 ⟶ 𝑆20 = 1380 𝑚
2
Pero para la distancia total recorrida tengo que considerar tanto la ida como la vuelta, por
lo que: Distancia total = 2 × 1380 𝑚 = 2760 𝑚
b) 𝑛 = 10, 𝑎1 = 18 𝑚, 𝑑 = 12 𝑚 𝑦 𝑎10 = 126 𝑚
1
𝑆10 = (18 + 126) ⋅ 10 ⋅ ⟶ 𝑆10 = 144 ⋅ 5 ⟶ 𝑆20 = 720 𝑚
2
Pero para la distancia total recorrida tengo que considerar tanto la ida como la vuelta, por
lo que: Distancia total = 2 × 720 𝑚 = 1440 𝑚
17) 𝑎4 + 𝑎10 = 42 (𝟏), 𝑆10 = 165; 𝑎25 ?
𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + 3 ⋅ 𝑑 (2)
𝑎10 = 𝑎1 + 9 ⋅ 𝑑 (3)
Reemplazo (2) y (3) en (1): 𝑎1 + 3 ⋅ 𝑑 + 𝑎1 + 9 ⋅ 𝑑 = 42 ⟶ 2 ⋅ 𝑎1 + 12 ⋅ 𝑑 = 42 (4)
1
𝑆10 = 165 ⟶ 165 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎10 ) ⋅ 10 ⋅ ⟶ 33 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎10 ⟶ 33 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 + 9 ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶
2
⟶ 33 = 2 ⋅ 𝑎1 + 9 ⋅ 𝑑 (5)
De (4) resulta: 2 ⋅ 𝑎1 = 42 − 12 ⋅ 𝑑 y reemplazando en (5) tenemos que:
33 = 42 − 12 ⋅ 𝑑 + 9 ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ −9 = −3 ⋅ 𝑑 ⟶ 3 = 𝑑
Con 𝑑 = 3 resulta: 33 = 2 ⋅ 𝑎1 + 9 ⋅ 3 ⟶ 6 = 2 ⋅ 𝑎1 ⟶ 3 = 𝑎1
𝑎25 = 3 + (25 − 1) ⋅ 3 ⟶ 𝑎25 = 3 + 24 ⋅ 3 ⟶ 𝑎25 = 75
18) a) 𝑎1 = 64 𝑐𝑚2 ; 𝑎2 = 32 𝑐𝑚2 ; 𝑎3 = 16 𝑐𝑚2 ; 𝑎4 = 8 𝑐𝑚2 ; 𝑎5 = 4 𝑐𝑚2
1 𝑛−1
Progresión geométrica cuyo término general es: 𝑎𝑛 = 64 ⋅ (2)

b) 𝑎𝑛 = 0, al ser tan pequeño ese n-ésimo cuadrado su área es despreciable y por eso lo
aproximamos a cero.
Matemática 4º año – Problemas integradores: soluciones de las actividades

1
𝑎𝑛 ⋅ 𝑟 − 𝑎1 0 ⋅ − 64 −64
𝑆𝑛 = ⟶ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 ⟶ 𝑆𝑛 = ⟶ 𝑆𝑛 = 128 𝑐𝑚2
𝑟−1 1 1
2−1 −2