RJEŠENJA PRVOG

PARCIJALNOG ISPITA
Elektrotehnički sistemi u saobraćaju i komunikacijama
 GRUPA A – ZADATAK 2.1
𝑄1 = −6 𝜇𝐶 𝑄2 = 3 𝜇𝐶 𝑄3 = −4 𝜇𝐶

𝐹Ԧ2 = 𝐹Ԧ12 + 𝐹Ԧ32 = 0 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 ⟹ 𝑏 = (1 − 𝑎)

1 𝑄1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2 |𝑄3 |
𝐹Ԧ12 = ⋅ (−𝑎Ԧ𝑥 ) 𝐹Ԧ32 = ⋅ (𝑎Ԧ𝑥 )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 (1 − 𝑎)2
1 𝑄2 𝑄3 1 𝑄1 𝑄2 1 𝑄1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2 𝑄3
𝐹Ԧ2 = − ⋅ 𝑎Ԧ𝑥 ⟹ =
4𝜋𝜀0 1 − 𝑎 2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 (1 − 𝑎)2

𝑄1 𝑄3 2
𝑄1 2
3
= ⟹𝑎 = 2−𝑎 ⟹ 𝑎2 = ⋅ 1 − 2𝑎 + 𝑎2
𝑎2 (1 − 𝑎)2 𝑄3 2

6 ± 36 − 12 𝑎1 = 5,449 (𝑚)
𝑎2 − 6𝑎 + 3 = 0 ⟹ 𝑎1,2 = ⟹
2 𝑎2 = 0,551 (𝑚)

𝑎 = 0,551 𝑚 𝑏 = 0,449 (𝑚)

 GRUPA B – ZADATAK 2.1
𝑄1 = −6 𝜇𝐶 𝑄2 = 4 𝜇𝐶 𝑄3 = −3 𝜇𝐶

𝐹Ԧ2 = 𝐹Ԧ12 + 𝐹Ԧ32 = 0 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2 ⟹ 𝑏 = (2 − 𝑎)

1 𝑄1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2 |𝑄3 |
𝐹Ԧ12 = ⋅ (−𝑎Ԧ𝑥 ) 𝐹Ԧ32 = ⋅ (𝑎Ԧ𝑥 )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 (2 − 𝑎)2
1 𝑄2 𝑄3 1 𝑄1 𝑄2 1 𝑄1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2 𝑄3
𝐹Ԧ2 = − ⋅ 𝑎Ԧ𝑥 ⟹ =
4𝜋𝜀0 2 − 𝑎 2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 (2 − 𝑎)2

𝑄1 𝑄3 2
𝑄1 2
= ⟹𝑎 = 2−𝑎 ⟹ 𝑎2 = 2 ⋅ 4 − 4𝑎 + 𝑎2
𝑎2 (2 − 𝑎)2 𝑄3

8 ± 64 − 32 𝑎1 = 6,828 (𝑚)
𝑎2 − 8𝑎 + 8 = 0 ⟹ 𝑎1,2 = ⟹
2 𝑎2 = 1,171 (𝑚)

𝑎 = 1,171 𝑚 𝑏 = 0,828 (𝑚)

 GRUPA A – ZADATAK 2.2
𝑄1 = 50 𝑛𝐶 𝑄2 = −20 𝑛𝐶 𝑎 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑏 = 6 𝑐𝑚

1 𝑄
𝐸𝐴 = 𝐸𝐴1 + 𝐸𝐴2 𝐸 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2

1 𝑄1 1 𝑄2
𝐸𝐴1 = ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦 𝐸𝐴2 = ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑏 2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2

1 50 ⋅ 10−9 𝑘𝑉
𝐸𝐴1 = −2 2
⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦 = 124,829 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦
4𝜋𝜀0 6 ⋅ 10 𝑚
1 −20 ⋅ 10−9 𝑘𝑉
𝐸𝐴2 = ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥 = 112,346 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥
4𝜋𝜀0 4 ⋅ 10−2 2 𝑚

𝑘𝑉
𝐸𝐴 = 112,346 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥 + 124,829 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦
𝑚
 GRUPA B – ZADATAK 2.2
𝑄1 = 50 𝑛𝐶 𝑄2 = −20 𝑛𝐶 𝑎 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑏 = 4 𝑐𝑚

1 𝑄
𝐸𝐴 = 𝐸𝐴1 + 𝐸𝐴2 𝐸 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2

1 𝑄1 1 𝑄2
𝐸𝐴1 = ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦 𝐸𝐴2 = ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑏 2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2

1 50 ⋅ 10−9 𝑘𝑉
𝐸𝐴1 = −2 2
⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦 = 280,867 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦
4𝜋𝜀0 4 ⋅ 10 𝑚
1 −20 ⋅ 10−9 𝑘𝑉
𝐸𝐴2 = ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥 = 199,727 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥
4𝜋𝜀0 3 ⋅ 10−2 2 𝑚

𝑘𝑉
𝐸𝐴 = 199,727 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑥 + 280,867 ⋅ −𝑎Ԧ𝑦
𝑚
 GRUPA A – ZADATAK 2.3
𝐶1 = 10 𝜇𝐹 𝐶2 = 15 𝜇𝐹 𝐶3 = 10 𝜇𝐹 𝐶4 = 2 𝜇𝐹

𝑈𝐴𝐵 = 100 𝑉

𝐶1 ⋅ 𝐶2 10 ⋅ 10−6 ⋅ 15 ⋅ 10−6 150 ⋅ 10−12

𝐶12 = = = = 6 𝜇𝐹
𝐶1 + 𝐶2 10 ⋅ 10−6 + 15 ⋅ 10−6 25 ⋅ 10−6

𝐶124 = 𝐶12 + 𝐶4 = 6 ⋅ 10−6 + 2 ⋅ 10−6 = 8 𝜇𝐹

𝐶124 ⋅ 𝐶3 8 ⋅ 10−6 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10−6 80 ⋅ 10−12

𝐶1243 = = −6 −6
= −6
= 4,44 𝜇𝐹
𝐶124 + 𝐶3 8 ⋅ 10 + 10 ⋅ 10 18 ⋅ 10

𝐶12433 = 𝐶1243 + 𝐶3 = 4,44 ⋅ 10−6 + 10 ⋅ 10−6 = 14,44 𝜇𝐹

1 1
𝑊𝐴𝐵 = ⋅ 𝐶12433 ⋅ 𝑈𝐴𝐵2 = ⋅ 14,44 ⋅ 10−6 ⋅ 1002 = 0,0722 𝐽
2 2
 GRUPA B – ZADATAK 2.3
𝐶1 = 15 𝜇𝐹 𝐶2 = 30 𝜇𝐹 𝐶3 = 12 𝜇𝐹 𝐶4 = 2 𝜇𝐹

𝑈𝐴𝐵 = 120 𝑉

𝐶1 ⋅ 𝐶2 15 ⋅ 10−6 ⋅ 30 ⋅ 10−6 450 ⋅ 10−12

𝐶12 = = = = 10 𝜇𝐹
𝐶1 + 𝐶2 15 ⋅ 10−6 + 30 ⋅ 10−6 45 ⋅ 10−6

𝐶124 = 𝐶12 + 𝐶4 = 10 ⋅ 10−6 + 2 ⋅ 10−6 = 12 𝜇𝐹

𝐶124 ⋅ 𝐶3 12 ⋅ 10−6 ⋅ 12 ⋅ 10−6 144 ⋅ 10−12

𝐶1243 = = −6 −6
= −6
= 6 𝜇𝐹
𝐶124 + 𝐶3 12 ⋅ 10 + 12 ⋅ 10 24 ⋅ 10

𝐶12433 = 𝐶1243 + 𝐶3 = 6 ⋅ 10−6 + 12 ⋅ 10−6 = 18 𝜇𝐹

1 1
𝑊𝐴𝐵 = ⋅ 𝐶12433 ⋅ 𝑈𝐴𝐵2 = ⋅ 18 ⋅ 10−6 ⋅ 1202 = 0,1296 𝐽
2 2
 GRUPA A – ZADATAK 2.4
𝑄1 = 5 𝑛𝐶 𝑄2 = −10 𝑛𝐶 𝑟 = 18 𝑐𝑚

𝑉𝑀 = 𝑉1𝑀 + 𝑉2𝑀 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 𝑟 ⟹ 𝑟2 = 𝑟 − 𝑟1

1 𝑄1 1 𝑄2
𝑉1𝑀 = 𝑉2𝑀 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟2

1 𝑄1 1 𝑄1 1 𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄1 𝑄2
𝑉𝑀 = + =0⟹ + =0⟹ + =0
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟1 𝑟2

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄1 −𝑄2
+ =0⟹ + =0⟹ =
𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟1 𝑟 − 𝑟1 𝑟1 𝑟 − 𝑟1

−𝑄2 𝑟
𝑟 − 𝑟1 = ⋅ 𝑟1 ⟹ 𝑟 − 𝑟1 = 2 ⋅ 𝑟1 ⟹ 𝑟1 =
𝑄1 3

𝑟1 = 6 𝑐𝑚 𝑟2 = 12 𝑐𝑚
 GRUPA B – ZADATAK 2.4
𝑄1 = −4 𝑛𝐶 𝑄2 = 16 𝑛𝐶 𝑟 = 12 𝑐𝑚

𝑉𝑀 = 𝑉1𝑀 + 𝑉2𝑀 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 𝑟 ⟹ 𝑟2 = 𝑟 − 𝑟1

1 𝑄1 1 𝑄2
𝑉1𝑀 = 𝑉2𝑀 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟2

1 𝑄1 1 𝑄1 1 𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄1 𝑄2
𝑉𝑀 = + =0⟹ + =0⟹ + =0
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟1 𝑟2

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄1 −𝑄2
+ =0⟹ + =0⟹ =
𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟1 𝑟 − 𝑟1 𝑟1 𝑟 − 𝑟1

−𝑄2 𝑟
𝑟 − 𝑟1 = ⋅ 𝑟1 ⟹ 𝑟 − 𝑟1 = 4 ⋅ 𝑟1 ⟹ 𝑟1 =
𝑄1 5

𝑟1 = 2,4 𝑐𝑚 𝑟2 = 9,6 𝑐𝑚
 GRUPA A – ZADATAK 2.5
𝑆 = 2 𝑚2 𝑑 = 5 𝑚𝑚 𝜀𝑟 = 2,3 𝑈 = 50 𝑉

𝑆 −12
2
𝐶1 = 𝜀0 𝜀𝑟 = 8,854 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 2,3 ⋅ −3
⟹ 𝐶1 = 8,145 𝑛𝐹
𝑑 5 ⋅ 10
𝑄1 = 𝐶1 ⋅ 𝑈 ⟹ 𝑄1 = 8,145 ⋅ 10−9 ⋅ 50 = 407,284 𝑛𝐶

1 1
𝑊1 = 𝐶1 ⋅ 𝑈 ⟹ 𝑊1 = ⋅ 8,145 ⋅ 10−9 ⋅ 502 = 10,18 𝜇𝐽
2
2 2
Nakon što se dielektrik izvuče, a izvor isključi:
𝑄1 = 𝑄2 𝑄2 = 407,284 𝑛𝐶
𝑆 2
𝐶2 = 𝜀0 = 8,854 ⋅ 10−12 ⋅ −3
⟹ 𝐶2 = 3,541 𝑛𝐹
𝑑 5 ⋅ 10
𝑄2 407,284 ⋅ 10−9
𝑈2 = ⟹ 𝑈2 = −9
= 115 𝑉
𝐶2 3,541 ⋅ 10
1 2
1
𝑊2 = 𝐶2 ⋅ 𝑈2 ⟹ 𝑊2 = ⋅ 3,541 ⋅ 10−9 ⋅ 1152 = 23,41 𝜇𝐽
2 2
 GRUPA B – ZADATAK 2.5
𝑆 = 2 𝑚2 𝑑 = 5 𝑚𝑚 𝜀𝑟 = 2,3 𝑈 = 50 𝑉

𝑆 −12
2
𝐶1 = 𝜀0 𝜀𝑟 = 8,854 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 2,3 ⋅ −3
⟹ 𝐶1 = 8,145 𝑛𝐹
𝑑 5 ⋅ 10
𝑄1 = 𝐶1 ⋅ 𝑈 ⟹ 𝑄1 = 8,145 ⋅ 10−9 ⋅ 50 = 407,284 𝑛𝐶

1 1
𝑊1 = 𝐶1 ⋅ 𝑈 ⟹ 𝑊1 = ⋅ 8,145 ⋅ 10−9 ⋅ 502 = 10,18 𝜇𝐽
2
2 2
Nakon što se dielektrik izvuče, a izvor ostaje trajno priključen:
𝑈2 = 𝑈 𝑈2 = 50 𝑉
𝑆 2
𝐶2 = 𝜀0 = 8,854 ⋅ 10−12 ⋅ −3
⟹ 𝐶2 = 3,541 𝑛𝐹
𝑑 5 ⋅ 10

𝑄2 = 𝐶2 ⋅ 𝑈2 ⟹ 𝑄2 = 3,541 ⋅ 10−9 ⋅ 50 = 177,08 𝑛𝐶

1 2
1
𝑊2 = 𝐶2 ⋅ 𝑈2 ⟹ 𝑊2 = ⋅ 3,541 ⋅ 10−9 ⋅ 502 = 4,42 𝜇𝐽
2 2
 GRUPA A – ZADATAK 2.6
𝑅1 = 2 Ω 𝑅2 = 3 Ω 𝑅3 = 9 Ω 𝑅4 = 18 Ω 𝑅5 = 3 Ω

𝑈3 = 36 𝑉

𝑈3 36
𝐼3 = = =4𝐴
𝑅3 9

𝑈4 36
𝑈4 = 𝑈3 = 36 𝑉 𝐼4 = = =2𝐴
𝑅4 18

𝐼2 = 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 = 6 𝐴 𝑈2 = 𝐼2 ⋅ 𝑅2 = 6 ⋅ 3 = 18 𝑉

𝑈5 54
𝑈5 = 𝑈2 + 𝑈3 = 54 𝑉 𝐼5 = = = 18 𝐴
𝑅5 3

𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼5 = 24 𝐴 𝑈1 = 𝐼1 ⋅ 𝑅1 = 24 ⋅ 2 = 48 𝑉

𝑈 = 𝑈1 + 𝑈5 = 102 𝑉
 GRUPA B – ZADATAK 2.6
𝑅1 = 4 Ω 𝑅2 = 6 Ω 𝑅3 = 10 Ω 𝑅4 = 30 Ω 𝑅5 = 9 Ω

𝑈3 = 60 𝑉

𝑈3 60
𝐼3 = = =6𝐴
𝑅3 10

𝑈4 60
𝑈4 = 𝑈3 = 60 𝑉 𝐼4 = = =2𝐴
𝑅4 30

𝐼2 = 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 = 8 𝐴 𝑈2 = 𝐼2 ⋅ 𝑅2 = 8 ⋅ 6 = 48 𝑉

𝑈5 108
𝑈5 = 𝑈2 + 𝑈3 = 108 𝑉 𝐼5 = = = 12 𝐴
𝑅5 9

𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼5 = 20 𝐴 𝑈1 = 𝐼1 ⋅ 𝑅1 = 20 ⋅ 4 = 80 𝑉

𝑈 = 𝑈1 + 𝑈5 = 188 𝑉
 GRUPA A – ZADATAK 2.7
𝑅1 = 4 Ω 𝑅2 = 6 Ω 𝑅3 = 4,6 Ω
𝐸1 = 8 V 𝐸2 = 10 V 𝐸3 = 16 V
𝑅1 ⋅ 𝑅2 4⋅6
𝑅12 = = = 2,4 Ω
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 4 + 6
𝑅𝑒𝑘𝑣 = 𝑅12 + 𝑅3 = 2,4 + 4,6 = 7 Ω

𝐸1 − 𝐸2 + 𝐸3 8 − 10 + 16 14
𝐸1 − 𝐸2 + 𝐸3 = 𝐼 ⋅ 𝑅𝑒𝑘𝑣 𝐼= = = =2𝐴
𝑅𝑒𝑘𝑣 7 7

𝑈12 = 𝐼 ⋅ 𝑅12 = 2 ⋅ 2,4 = 4,8 𝑉

𝑈12 4,8 𝑈12 4,8
𝐼1 = = = 1,2 𝐴 𝐼2 = = = 0,8 𝐴 𝐼3 = 𝐼 = 2 𝐴
𝑅1 4 𝑅2 6

𝑃1 = 𝐼12 ⋅ 𝑅1 = 1,22 ⋅ 4 = 5,76 𝑊 𝑃2 = 𝐼22 ⋅ 𝑅2 = 0,82 ⋅ 6 = 3,84 𝑊

𝑃3 = 𝐼32 ⋅ 𝑅3 = 22 ⋅ 4,6 = 18,4 𝑊

 GRUPA B – ZADATAK 2.7
𝑅1 = 4 Ω 𝑅2 = 6 Ω 𝑅3 = 4,6 Ω
𝐸1 = 8 V 𝐸2 = 10 V 𝐸3 = 16 V
𝑅1 ⋅ 𝑅2 4⋅6
𝑅12 = = = 2,4 Ω
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 4 + 6
𝑅𝑒𝑘𝑣 = 𝑅12 + 𝑅3 = 2,4 + 4,6 = 7 Ω

𝐸1 − 𝐸2 + 𝐸3 8 − 10 + 16 14
𝐸1 − 𝐸2 + 𝐸3 = 𝐼 ⋅ 𝑅𝑒𝑘𝑣 𝐼= = = =2𝐴
𝑅𝑒𝑘𝑣 7 7

𝑈12 = 𝐼 ⋅ 𝑅12 = 2 ⋅ 2,4 = 4,8 𝑉

𝑈12 4,8 𝑈12 4,8
𝐼1 = = = 1,2 𝐴 𝐼2 = = = 0,8 𝐴 𝐼3 = 𝐼 = 2 𝐴
𝑅1 4 𝑅2 6

𝑃1 = 𝐼12 ⋅ 𝑅1 = 1,22 ⋅ 4 = 5,76 𝑊 𝑃2 = 𝐼22 ⋅ 𝑅2 = 0,82 ⋅ 6 = 3,84 𝑊

𝑃3 = 𝐼32 ⋅ 𝑅3 = 22 ⋅ 4,6 = 18,4 𝑊