VECTORS OPERATIONS

MATH GRADE 10
 ADDITION AND SUBSTRACTION
𝑎 𝑐
Let 𝑢 = and 𝑣 = then Properties of Vector Addition
𝑏 𝑑
1. Commutative : 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑣 + 𝑢
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 2. Assosiative : 𝑢 + 𝑣 + 𝑤 = 𝑢 + (𝑣 + 𝑤)
𝑢+𝑣 = + =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏+𝑑 3. There is vector identity = 0
𝑎 −𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑢+0= 0+𝑢=𝑢
𝑢 − 𝑣 = 𝑢 + −𝑣 = + = 4. Has invers of addition : 𝑢 + −𝑢 = 0
𝑏 −𝑑 𝑏−𝑑

1 5
Example: Given known 𝑢 =
and 𝑣 =
−3 7
1 5 1+5 6
𝑢+𝑣 = + = =
−3 7 −3 + 7 4
1 5 1−5 −4
𝑢−𝑣 = − = =
−3 7 −3 − 7 −10
Multiplication Of Vector by a Scalar
Properties :
𝑎
𝑢= and 𝑣 = 𝑘𝑢 which k ∈ ℝ 1. Assosiative : k(l𝑢) = (kl) 𝑢
𝑏
2. Distributive : k (𝑢 + 𝑣 ) = k 𝑢 + k 𝑣
𝑎 𝑘𝑎 3. Distributive : (k + l) 𝑢 = k 𝑢 + l 𝑢
𝑣 = 𝑘𝑢 = k =
𝑏 𝑘𝑏
2
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: 𝑢 =
−4
2 3. 2 6
3𝑢 = 3 = =
−4 3. (−4) −12
Example: A (0, 3) and B(5, 2) Answer:
Find 2 𝐴𝐵 ? 5 0 5
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴 = − =
2 3 −1
5 10
2 𝐴𝐵 = 2 =
−1 −2
Multiplication of 2 Vectors
(Dot Product)
𝑥1 𝑥2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑦 and 𝑣 = 𝑦 , then 𝑢 . 𝑣 = x1 . x2 + y1 . y2
1 2

𝑥1 𝑥2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑦1 and 𝑣 = 𝑦2 , then 𝑢 . 𝑣 = x1 . x2 + y1 . y2 + z1 . z2
𝑧1 𝑧2

Properties:
1. 𝑢 . 𝑣 = 𝑣 . 𝑢
2. 𝑢 . 𝑣 + 𝑤 = 𝑢. 𝑣 + 𝑢. 𝑤
3. k(𝑢. 𝑣) = (k𝑢)𝑣 = 𝑢(k𝑣)
4. 𝑢. 𝑢 = 𝑢 2
 Dot Product
Example
Given known point A (2, 2, 0), B (4, 6, 3) and C (1, 1, 4). 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎 , 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏 , 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑐 , 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑝 and 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞.
Find 𝑎. 𝑏 , 𝑝. 𝑞 , 𝑝. 𝑝
Solution:
2 4 1
𝑎= 2 𝑏= 6 𝑐= 1
0 3 4
2 4
𝑎. 𝑏 = 2 . 6 = 8 + 12 + 0 = 20
0 3
4 2 2 1 2 −1
𝑝 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 - 𝑂𝐴 = 6 − 2 = 4 𝑞 = 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 - 𝑂𝐴 = 1 − 2 = −1
3 0 3 4 0 4
2 −1 2 2
𝑝. 𝑞 = 4 . −1 = - 2 + (-4) + 12 = 6 𝑝. 𝑝 = 4 . 4 = 4 + 16 + 9 = 29
3 4 3 3
Thanks &
Wassalam