ACTIVIDAD SEMANA 3

1. Evaluar las sumas de Riemann de:

a) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥, 𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠 [1,5] 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 5, 𝑛 = 10, 𝑛 = 100
5−1 4
ℎ= =
𝑛 𝑛
𝑖4
𝑥𝑖 = 1 +
𝑛
𝐴𝑖 = 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 )ℎ
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖4 3 𝑖4
𝐴 = ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 )ℎ = ℎ ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑖) ≈ ℎ ∑ [(1 + ) + 2 (1 + )]
𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑛
12 48 64𝑖 3 8
𝐴 = ℎ ∑ [1 + 𝑖 + 2 𝑖 2 + 3 + 2 + 𝑖]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
20 48 64𝑖 3
𝐴 = ℎ ∑ [3 + 𝑖 + 2 𝑖2 + 3 ]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
20 48 64𝑖 3
𝐴 = ℎ [3 ∑ 1 + ∑ 𝑖 + 2 ∑ 𝑖 2 + 3 ∑ 𝑖 3]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

20 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 48 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 64 𝑛2 (𝑛 + 1)2

𝐴 = ℎ [3𝑛 + ∙ + 2∙ + 3∙ ]
𝑛 2 𝑛 6 𝑛 4
20 20 48 1 64 1
𝐴 = ℎ [3𝑛 + 𝑛+ + (2𝑛 + 3 + ) + (𝑛 + 2 + )]
2 2 6 𝑛 4 𝑛
8 16
𝐴 = ℎ [13𝑛 + 10 + 16𝑛 + 24 + + 16𝑛 + 32 + ]
𝑛 𝑛
24 66 24
𝐴 = ℎ [66 + 45𝑛 + ] = 45 + + 2
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
66 24
𝑆𝑖 𝑛 = 5, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝐴 ≈ 45 + + = 59.16𝑢2
5 25
66 24
𝑆𝑖 𝑛 = 10, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝐴 ≈ 45 + + = 51.84𝑢2
10 100
66 24
𝑆𝑖 𝑛 = 100, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝐴 ≈ 45 + + = 45.66𝑢2
100 10000
 b) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥, 𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠 [2,3] 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 5, 𝑛 = 10, 𝑛 = 100
𝑏−𝑎 3−2 1
𝑎 = 2;𝑏 = 3 → ℎ = →ℎ= →ℎ=
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖1 𝑖
𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖ℎ → 𝑥𝑖 = 2 + → 𝑥𝑖 = 2 +
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛

𝐴𝑖 = 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 )ℎ ⟹ 𝐴 ≈ ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 )ℎ ⟹ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) = 𝑥𝑖 2 − 2𝑥𝑖

𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑖 2 𝑖 1
𝐴 ≈ ∑ [(2 + ) − 2 (2 + )]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
1 4𝑖 𝑖 2 2𝑖
𝐴 ≈ ∑ [4 + + 2 − 4 − ]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
1 2𝑖 𝑖 2 1 2 1
𝐴 ≈ ∑ [ + 2 ] ⟹ 𝐴 ≈ [ ∑ 𝑖 + 2 ∑ 𝑖 2]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 2 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

1 2 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)

𝐴≈ [ ( )+ 2( )]
𝑛 𝑛 2 𝑛 6
1 1
𝐴≈ [𝑛 + 1 + (2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1)]
𝑛 6𝑛
1 6𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1
𝐴≈ [ ]
𝑛 6𝑛

1 8𝑛2 + 9𝑛 + 1
𝐴≈ [ ]
𝑛 6𝑛
 8𝑛2 9𝑛 1
𝐴≈ 2
+ 2+ 2
6𝑛 6𝑛 6𝑛
4 3 1
𝐴≈ + + 2
3 2𝑛 6𝑛

cos √𝑥 𝜋2 𝜋2
c) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = , 𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠 [ , ] 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 5, 𝑛 = 10, 𝑛 = 100
√𝑥 9 4

𝑛 𝜋2 𝜋2 𝜋2 𝜋2
𝑏−𝑎 − 𝜋 2 − 9
𝑆 ≡ 𝐴 = ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 )ℎ ; ℎ = = 4 9 ; 𝑥𝑖 = +𝑖 4
𝑛 𝑛 9 𝑛
𝑖=1

𝑛 𝜋2 𝜋2 𝜋2 𝜋2
−
𝜋2
𝑆 ≡ 𝐴 = ∑𝑓( + 𝑖 4 9 )( 4 − 9 )
9 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1

𝜋2 𝜋2
2 2 √𝜋 2 −
𝑛 𝜋
−
𝜋 cos 9 + 𝑖 4 𝑛 9
𝐴 = ∑( 4 9)
𝑛 𝜋2 𝜋2
𝑖=1
√𝜋 2 −
+ 𝑖 4 9
9 𝑛
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 5; 𝐴 = 0.2050
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 10; 𝐴 = 0.2358
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 100; 𝐴 = 0.2646
 2. Calcular el área exacta bajo la curva 𝑓𝑥, mediante sumas de Riemann
𝜋
a) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 ∙ sin 𝑥, 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [0, ] 2
𝜋
𝜋 −0 𝜋 𝝅
𝑎=0 ;𝑏 = ∆𝑥 = 2 = → ∆𝒙 =
2 𝑛 2𝑛 𝟐𝒏
𝑏−𝑎 𝜋 𝝅𝒊
ℎ = ∆𝑥 = ; 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖∆𝑥 𝑥𝑖 = 0 + 𝑖 → 𝒙𝒊 =
𝑛 2𝑛 𝟐𝒏
Entonces:
𝑛 𝑛
𝜋𝑖 𝜋
𝑆 ≡ 𝐴 = ∑ 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 )∆𝑥 ⇒ 𝑆 = ∑ 2 ∙ sin ( )
2𝑛 2𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑛 𝑛
𝜋𝑖 𝜋 𝜋𝑖 𝜋
𝑆 = 2 [∑ sin ( ) ] ⟹ 𝑆 = lim 2 [∑ sin ( ) ] ⟹ 𝑆
2𝑛 2𝑛 𝑛⟶∞ 2𝑛 2𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑛
𝜋 𝜋𝑖
= 2 [ lim ∑ sin ( )]
𝑛⟶∞ 2𝑛 2𝑛
𝑖=1

Aplicando la sumatoria de senos:

𝑛𝑟
sin( )
𝑃+𝑈
sin(
𝑛𝑟
)∙sin( )
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜
2 𝑃+𝑈 2 2
sin 𝛼 + sin(𝛼 + 𝑟) + sin(𝛼 + 2𝑟) = 𝑟 ∙ cos ( )= 𝑟 𝑈 = 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜
sin( ) 2 sin( )
2 2
𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑛
𝑛
𝜋𝑖 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝑛𝜋
∑ sin ( ) = sin ( ) + sin ( ) + sin ( ) + ⋯ + sin ( )
2𝑛 2𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 2𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝜋𝑖 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 (𝑛 − 1)𝜋
∑ sin ( ) = sin ( ) + sin ( + ) + sin ( + ) + ⋯ + sin ( + )
2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑛
𝑖=1
 𝜋 𝜋𝑖 𝜋
𝑃= ;𝑈 = ;𝑟 =
2𝑛 2𝑛 2𝑛

Aplicando a la sumatoria:
𝜋 𝜋𝑛 𝜋
+ 𝑛( )
sin(2𝑛 2𝑛 )∙sin( 2𝑛 ) 𝜋 𝜋
sin( + )
𝜋 2 2 𝜋 𝜋 4 4
𝑆 = 2 { lim [ 𝜋 ]} ⇒ 𝑆 = 2 {sin ( ) lim ( 𝜋 )}
𝑛⟶∞ 2𝑛 ( ) 4 𝑛⟶∞ 2𝑛 sin( )
sin( 2𝑛 ) 4𝑛
2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 sin (4 + 4) 𝜋 sin (4 + 4𝑛)
𝑆 = 2 {sin ( ) lim ( 𝜋 )} ⟹ 𝑆 = 2 2 sin ( ) lim 𝜋
4 𝑛⟶∞ 2(2𝑛) sin ( ) 4 𝑛⟶∞ sin (4𝑛)
4𝑛
𝜋
{ ( (4𝑛) )}

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
lim sin ( + )
𝜋 𝑛⟶∞ 4 4𝑛 𝜋 sin (𝑛⟶∞
lim ( + ))
4 4𝑛
𝑆 = 2 2 sin ( ) 𝜋 ⟹ 𝑆 = 2 {2 sin ( ) }
4 sin (4𝑛) 4 1
lim
𝑛⟶∞ ( 𝜋 )
{ 4𝑛 }
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑆 = 2 {2 sin ( ) sin ( lim ( ) + lim ( ))} ⇒ 𝑆 = 2 {2 sin ( ) ∙ sin ( + 0)}
4 𝑛⟶∞ 4 𝑛⟶∞ 4 4 4

𝑆 = 2{1} ⟹ 𝑆 = 𝑨 = 𝟐𝒖𝟐
 b) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥, 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [−1,1]
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 − 𝑥
𝑏 − 𝑎 1 − (−1) 2
∆𝑥 = = = ; 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖∆𝑥
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
2 2𝑖
𝑥𝑖 = −1 + 𝑖 → − 1
𝑛 𝑛
3
2𝑖 2𝑖
𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) = − [ − 1] − [ − 1]
𝑛 𝑛
8𝑖 3 12𝑖 2 6𝑖 2𝑖
𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) = − [ 3 − 2 + − 1] − +
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

8𝑖 3 12𝑖 2 6𝑖 2𝑖
𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) = − 3 − 2 − + 1 − + 1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
8𝑖 3 12𝑖 2 8𝑖
𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ) = − + 2 − +2
𝑛3 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛

= ∑ 𝑓(𝑥𝑖)∆𝑥
𝑖=1
𝑛
8𝑖 3 12𝑖 2 8𝑖 2
= ∑ (− + − + 2)
𝑛3 𝑛2 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
2 8𝑖 3 12𝑖 2 8𝑖
= ∑ (− 3 + 2 − + 2)
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
2 8 12 8
= [− 3 ∑ 𝑖 3 + 2 ∑ 𝑖 2 − ∑ 𝑖 + ∑ 2]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

2 2 2
= [ (𝑛 + 1)2 + (2𝑛3 + 𝑛2 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛) − 6(𝑛 + 1)]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
2 2
= [6𝑛 + 4𝑛2 + + 2 ]
𝑛 𝑛
4 4
= 12 + 6𝑛 + +
𝑛2 𝑛
4 4
= lim 12 + +
𝑛→∞ 𝑛2 𝑛
= 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐𝒖𝟐
 c) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = |𝑥 2 − 2|𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [−1,1]
𝑥2 − 2 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ≥ 0 → |𝑓 (𝑥 )| = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥2 = 2 𝑓 (𝑥 ) < 0 → |𝑓 (𝑥 )| = −𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 = ±√2
√2 2
∫ −(𝑥 2 − 2)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑥 2 − 2) 𝑑𝑥
−1 √2

√2 2
𝑥3 𝑥3
𝐴 = (− + 2𝑥) + ( − 2𝑥)
3 −1
3
√2

√23 (−1)3 23 √23

𝐴 = (− + 2√2) − (− + 2(1)) + ( − 2(2) − ( − 2√2))
3 3 3 3

2√8 1
𝐴=− + 4√2 +
3 3
1 + 8√2
𝐴=
3
𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝒖𝟐
 3. Calcular las integrales:
1 𝑥+2
a) ∫0 (𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
+4𝑥+1)2

Cambio de variable:
𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= (𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥
2
1
1 𝑑𝑢
∫
0 𝑢2 2
1 1
1 1 1 𝑢−2+1 1 𝑢−1 1 11 1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = [ ] = [ ] = [− ] = [− 2 ]
2 0 2 −2 + 1 0 2 −1 0 2 𝑢 0 2 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 1 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 5 𝟓
= [(− 2 ) − (− 1 )] = [− + 1] = [ ] =
2 1 +4∙1+1 0 +4∙0+1 2 6 2 6 𝟏𝟐
√𝑒
b) ∫0 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3) ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

√𝑒 √𝑒 √𝑒
∫ 2
𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0

𝑢 = ln 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥; 𝑢 = ln 𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑢 = ln 𝑥; 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥3 1 𝑥2 1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 = ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 = ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 = 𝑥
𝑥 3 𝑥 2 𝑥
Aplicando integrales por partes:
𝑢 ⋅ 𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 tenemos lo siguiente:
√𝑒 𝑥3 √𝑒 1 𝑥 3 𝑥3 √𝑒 𝑥 2
∫ 2
𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 3 0 𝑥 3 3 0 3
√𝑒
𝑥3 𝑥3
= ( ln 𝑥 − )|
3 9 0

√𝑒
√𝑒 𝑥2 √𝑒 1 𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑥2
∫ 2𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ( − ∫ 𝑑𝑥) = 2 ( ln 𝑥 − )|
0 2 0 𝑥 2 2 4
0

√𝑒
√𝑒 √𝑒 1
∫ 3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3 (𝑥 ln 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3(𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥))|
0 0 𝑥
0

√𝑒
√𝑒 𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑥2
2 2
∫ (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3) ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (( ln 𝑥 − ) − 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − ) + 3(𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥)|
0 3 9 2
0

3 3 2
(√𝑒) (√3) 2 (√𝑒)
(( ln √𝑒 − ) − ((√𝑒) ln √𝑒 − ) + 3(√𝑒 ln √𝑒 − √𝑒))
3 9 2

03 03 2
02
− (( ln 0 − ) − (0 ln 0 − ) + 3(0 ln 0 − 0))
3 4 2

√𝑒
∫ (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3) ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
= (1.49 ⋅ 0.5 − 0.49) − (2.71 ⋅ 0.5 − 1.36) + 3(1.65 ⋅ 0.5 − 1.65)
= (0.255) − (−0.005) + 3(−0.825)

= 𝟐. 𝟐𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝟐
5 𝑥5
c) ∫−5 𝑥2 +4 𝑑𝑥
5
16𝑥
∫ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
−5 𝑥2 + 4
5 5 5
𝑥
∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 16 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
−5 −5 −5 𝑥2 +4
 5
𝑥 4 4𝑥 2 16
= − + ln|𝑥 2 + 4||
4 2 2 −5

54 52 (−5)4 (−5)2
=( − 4 ⋅ + 8 ln|25 + 4|) − ( −4⋅ + 8 ln|25 + 4|)
4 2 4 2
625 625
= − 50 + 8 ln 29 − + 50 − 8 ln 29
4 4
=0
4. Para 𝑓: [𝑎, 𝑏] → 𝑅, encontrar el numero c, que satisface el teorema integral
del valor medio
a) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [0,4]
𝑎=0
𝑏=4
4 4
1 1 4𝑥 2 𝑥3
𝑓 (𝑐 ) = → ∫ 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ( )− |
4−0 0 4 2 3 0

1 4(42 ) 43 4(02 ) 03
= ( − )−( − )
4 2 3 2 3
1 32
= ∙
4 3
8
=
32
Aplicando el teorema:
4
∫ 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 (𝑐 )(4 − 0)
0

8
= 𝑓(𝑐 )(4 − 0)
32
8
= 4(4𝑐 − 𝑐 2 )
32
8
= 16𝑐 − 4𝑐 2
32
8
4𝑐 2 − 16𝑐 + =0
32
8
𝑎 = 4 𝑏 = −16 𝑐 =
32
 −𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
8
16 ± √(−16)2 − 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 32
𝑥=
2∙4
640
16 ± √ 3
𝑥=
8

b) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [1,3]
Cambio de variable:
𝑥 = tan 𝑢 → arctan 𝑣
𝑑𝑢 = sec2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
tan2 𝑢 + 1 = sec2 𝑢
3
= ∫ sec2 𝑢√tan2 𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑢
1
3
= ∫ sec2 𝑢√sec2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
3
= ∫ sec2 𝑢 sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
3
= ∫ sec3 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1

sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 1 3
= + ∫ sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2 1
 3
sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 1
= (
+ ln tan 𝑢 + sec 𝑢 )|
2 2 1
3
sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 ln(tan 𝑢 + sec 𝑢)
= + |
2 2 1

Cambio de variable:
𝑢 = arctan 𝑥
𝑥 = tan arctan 𝑥
sec(arctan 𝑥 ) = √𝑥 2 + 1
3
𝑥√𝑥 2 + 1 arcsinh 𝑥
= + |
2 2 1

3√10 + arcsinh(3) √1 + 1 + arcsinh(1)

=[ ]+[ ]
2 2

3√10 + arcsinh 3 − √2 − arcsinh 1

=
2

= 𝟒. 𝟓𝟎𝟓 𝒖𝟐
Aplicando el teorema:
𝑏
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑐)(𝑏 − 𝑎)
𝑎

4.505 = 𝑓(𝑐)(3 − 1)
4.505 = 𝑓 (𝑐 )(2)
4.505
= 𝑓 (𝑐 )
2
2.2525 = 𝑓(𝑐 )
2
(2.2525)2 = (√𝑐 2 + 1)

5.0737 = 𝑐 2 + 1

√5.0737 − 1 = √𝑐 2
𝑐 = ±2.01834
𝑐 = 2.01834 ∈ (3,1)
𝑐 = −2.01834 ∉ (3,1)