Instituto Superior Politécnico de Tecnologias e Ciências

Inglês IV
Academic year 2022/23 – 2º Semester
2º test installment

Material Properties

Prepared by group No. 4

Carlos Saiundo – 20201376
Charles Dizola – 20212608
Jose Porfírio – 20211639
Josemar Terramoto –20210208
Téllcio Gomes – 20211584

Course: Engenharia Mecanica

Class: EMC4_T2
Teacher: Agostinho Neto

Data da realização do trabalho:08/06/2023

INDEX

I. INTRODUCTION 2
II. MATERIAL PROPERTIES 3
II.I. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIAL 3
II.II. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIAL 4
II.II.I. ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES 4
II.II.II. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 5
II.II.III. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 6
II.II.IV. FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES 7
III. CONCLUSION 8
IV. REFERENCES 9

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 I. INTRODUCTION

In this specific topic (material properties), firstly, we need to understand what a

material is, in general, what it is made of, its usefulness in the current engineering
world so that you understand the importance of properties
Material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials
can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the
basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or
biological function. Materials science is the study of materials, their properties and
their applications.
Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by
purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be
produced from raw materials by synthesis.
In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or
more complex materials.
On the basis of chemistry and atomic structure, materials are classified into three
general categories:
 Metals (metallic elements),
 Ceramics (compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements),
 Polymers (compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic
elements).
Real materials are never perfect. Classification of crystallographic defects
(microscopic defects) is frequently made according to the geometry or dimensionality
of the defect.

Figure: https://br.freepik.com/fotos-vetores-gratis/material-construcao

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telephone: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
II. MATERIAL PROPERTIES

The material properties help in the identification of a substance and can be: physical,
functional, chemical, organoleptic, among others. In general, the properties of matter
are divided into two groups, general and specific.

Figure:https://www.engineeringchoice.com/mechanical-properties-of-materials/

General properties of the material

They are the characteristics that all matter presents, regardless of its physical state
(solid, liquid or gaseous).

Figure:https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics-formulas/mass-formula/

Inertia: Matter always has the tendency to maintain its state, whether at rest or
motion, unless an external force influences it.

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 Mass: Physically, mass is a quantity that indicates the measure of inertia or resistance
of a body to having its movement accelerated. However, we can, in general, associate
the mass with the amount of particles existing in a matter.
Volume: It is the space that a matter occupies regardless of its physical state.
Impenetrability: Two subjects cannot occupy the same space at the same time. To fill
a bottle with water, for example, the air has to come out of it.
Compressibility: It is the characteristic that matter has to reduce the space it was
occupying when subjected to an external force. This can be seen when we cap the tip
of a syringe and push the gas inside with the plunger.
Elasticity: It is the characteristic that a matter has to return to its original form when
an external force stretches or compresses it.
Divisibility: It is the ability of matter to be divided countless times without ceasing to
be what it is, that is, there is no change in its chemical composition.

Specific properties of the material

Unlike general properties, specific properties are unique characteristics of a given

matter. These characteristics uniquely specify and identify some materials,
differentiating them from others.

Organoleptic Properties
The organoleptic properties are perceived by the sense organs and, for this reason,
can be debatable, since people have different perceptions about some senses, such as
with regard to taste.

Figure: https://tudodovinho.wordpress.com/2018/04/30/para-ficar-na-memoria-em-todos-os-sentidos/

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 Odor: Smell classifies substances into odorants, while odorless ones have no smell,
that is, it is not felt by the olfactory cells.
Flavor: Substances can be classified as sweet, bitter, sour or salty by recognizing the
taste in the taste buds.
Color: The color of a material is generated by the frequency of the light wave that is
reflected and perceived by the eye.
Brightness: This is the ability of a material to reflect or absorb light that falls on it.
Texture: The surface of a material can appear smooth, rough, rough or smooth
according to the perception of touch.
Sound: They are vibrations that, when penetrating our ear, produce auditory
sensations.

Chemical properties
Chemical properties are obtained through chemical transformation/reaction.

Figure: https://www.breakingatom.com/learn-the-periodic-table/chemical-properties

Fuel: Ability to react with oxygen and release energy.

Oxidant: Ability to remove electrons from a substance.
Corrosive: Ability to damage or wear away a material through a chemical reaction.
Explosive: Ability to expand and release pressure waves accompanied by gases and
heat in a short time.
Effervescence: Ability to produce gas and release it in a liquid medium.
Fermentation: Ability to transform organic matter and produce energy.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

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Physical properties
Physical properties do not depend on transformations, that is, they are inherent to
matter.
Melting point: Temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state.
Boiling point: Temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid state to a
gaseous state.
Density: It is the amount of matter in a given volume.
Solubility: Ability of a substance to dissolve, or not, in a given liquid.
Electrical conductivity: Refers to the electrical character of materials, classifying them
into: conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
Malleability: Allows the molding of a material into thin blades.
Magnetism: Property of attraction and repulsion of certain metals and magnets.
Ductility: Ability of the material to withstand deformation without breaking.
Hardness: Resistance of a material to deformation by the application of a force.

Viscosity: Resistance of a fluid to flow.

Figure: https://www.breakingatom.com/learn-the-periodic-table/chemical-properties

Melting point: Temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

state.
Boiling point: Temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid state to a
gaseous state.
Density: It is the amount of matter in a given volume.
Solubility: Ability of a substance to dissolve, or not, in a given liquid.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telephone: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
 Electrical conductivity: Refers to the electrical character of materials, classifying
them into: conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
Malleability: Allows the molding of a material into thin blades.
Magnetism: Property of attraction and repulsion of certain metals and magnets.
Ductility: Ability of the material to withstand deformation without breaking.
Hardness: Resistance of a material to deformation by the application of a force.
Viscosity: Resistance of a fluid to flow.

6
Functional Properties
Functional properties are constant characteristics in certain materials, belonging to
the same functional group, such as acids, bases, oxides and salts.
Acids: Substances that ionize in aqueous solution, release H+ ions, and have a sour
taste.
Bases: These are substances that dissociate in aqueous solution, release OH- ions and
cause astringency.
Salts: Ionic compounds that have at least one cation other than H+ and one anion
other than OH-.
Oxides: They are binary compounds, which have two elements, one of which is
oxygen.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telephone: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
 7

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telephone: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
III. CONCLUSION

Matter is everything that occupies space and has mass. However, each matter can
have one or more characteristics (properties of matter) that are different from other
matter, as it can also have similar characteristics.
Materials science and engineering is interdisciplinar and very important branch of
study, which deals with the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids.
Materials science is one of the oldest forms of engineering and applied science and the
material of choice of a given era is often a defining point (e.g. Stone Age, Bronze Age,
Iron Age). The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment,
when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and
engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and
mineralogy. Sometimes it is useful to subdivide the discipline of materials science and
engineering into materials science and materials engineering subdisciplines.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telephone: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
IV. REFERENCES

 https://material-properties.org/
 https://www.todamateria.com.br/propriedades-da-materia/
 https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/quimica/propriedades-materia.htm
 https://www.breakingatom.com/learn-the-periodic-table/chemical-
properties
 https://www.breakingatom.com/learn-the-periodic-table/chemical-
properties
 https://tudodovinho.wordpress.com/2018/04/30/para-ficar-na-memoria-em-
todos-os-sentidos/
 https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics-formulas/mass-formula/
 https://www.engineeringchoice.com/mechanical-properties-of-materials/
 https://br.freepik.com/fotos-vetores-gratis/material-construcao

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telephone: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao