Sustainable fashion

1, An overview of fashion and its development stages.

a, Overview.
Fashion is how we dress, and express our appearance in specific
spaces and times. In each place, we have a different way of expressing
our fashion style through the way we mix clothes, accessories,
hairstyles, make-up, etc. Thereby expressing our own style.
b. Development stages.
- Ancient fashion: Fashion in ancient times was quite simple,
expressing the function of covering and protecting the body more than
aesthetics.
- Medieval style (476-1450): Due to the influent of Christianity,
the clothing of this period tended to be more modest than that of
earlier periods. However, the costumes are more discreet and
gorgeous. Medieval fashion can be divided into the Dark period (400-
1000), the Early Gothic period (1000-1200), and the Late Medieval
period (1200-1400).
- 1930’s: Feminine and luxurious fashion. Unlike the fashion of
the 20s, the fashion of the 30s emphasized femininity and elegance
with long skirts hugging the waist.
- The 40s-50s and ‘New Look’: ‘New Look’ is a new look for the
40-50s fashion village with tight skirts at the waist, widespread, and calf
length, to honor the body.
- 60’s fashion-simple, modern trend: 60’s fashion includes many
different characteristic periods, the most outstanding novelty of this
decade’s fashion is probably the short, loose, Mod dresses that show
the spirit of modern and fresh fashion.
- The 1970s: popular fashion: Fashion is rich with many separate
trends such as the hippy genderless movement, the glam rock style, the
punk fashion,… But they are all popular, fashion is for everyone. This is
the fashion trend for the 1970s.
- The 80s fashion: Flashy but complicated at the same time. The
prominent figure was a girl with messy short hair, wearing large
jewelry, wearing a colorful tight skirt with a spiral-cut chest cup.
- The 1990s- the trend of minimalism returns: Minimalism with
neat clothes, simplifying all details and spacious shape. In addition,
trends throughout this decade begin to be influenced by trends from
previous periods.
- The 2000s- A novelty in the fashion cycle: Although the fashion
of the 2000s was mainly a mixture and combination of fashion trends of
the previous decades, there were still groundbreaking novelties in it.
Choosing an illustration for the 2000s, Eko Bintang chose a design
inspired by Alexander Mc Queen’s bugs with vibrant colors of cup art,
new modern materials, and quick shoes as symbols of modern fashion.

2. Sustainable fashion.
a, General: Because the strong development of the fashion field
nowadays leads to many disadvantages in other aspects. Sustainable
fashion appears, and contributes to minimizing the impact of fashion on
the ecosystem. It focuses on recycling, saving water and natural
resources. It aims to use recycled, biodegradable fabrics/ fibers,
reducing the burden of disposing of fashion waste into the
environment.
b, Definition: Sustainable fashion is understood in a general way that
is fashion and garment products that do not create harmful impacts on
the environment and economy, including from raw materials to
production, use, distribution, destruction, or recycling.
 c, The current state of the fashion industry: Fashion is the 2 nd largest
consumer of water among industries. It accounts for 8-10% of carbon
emissions (greenhouse gas) globally. Products after the hot trend are
left behind and released into the environment, further burdening the
current environmental pollution problems. And the consequences may
persist for several million years.
d, Production process:
- Ethical production: Products and collections are produced with
respect for people and the environment. This means that you are
committed to the people involved in the production process being
treated fairly with reasonable wages and working hours.
- Domestic production: Manufacturing sites less than 400km from a
retail location, helping to create jobs and boost the region’s economy.
Minimize pollution caused by product transportation.
- Minimizing waste: Use minimal materials to minimize waste; for
example, the least among of samples possible, reuse or restriction of
patterns, efficient inventory management, and inventory. Etc.
- Use low-impact technology: for example, using renewable energy,
reducing electricity, dyeing, or curing natural fabrics
- Minimize water use: Do not use water or use minimal water, reuse
water for cleaning: or use Ozone technology.
- Made-to-order: Only produce to specific orders to ensure quality and
avoid mass production, thus minimizing the total quantity of finished
products so consumers can use them in the long run.
- Manual products: Manual production process and minimal
automation; focus on a group of skilled craftsmen instead of using a
large number of low-skilled workers. Craftsmen can be self-employed
or employed for a small business, as opposed to industrial production.
e, Fabrics:
- Natural fabrics: Materials made from natural fibers and are
biodegradable.
- Organic fabrics: Materials made from natural fibers that do not use
pesticides, herbicides, artificial fertilizers, or other harmful chemicals.
- Recycle fabrics: Fabrics made from recycled fibers after being used,
recycling excess or discarded products into new products.
- Eco-printing and dyeing: Using natural, non-toxic dyes; dye with
pigment dyes; use water-based ink colors for printing; laser fabric
printing.
- Handmade materials: Materials, hand-made techniques such as
knitting, knitting fabrics, embroidery, dyeing, or hand-printing.
- Vegan (completely plant-based): Artificial materials instead of using
animal skin or products using animal tissue.
- Second-hand materials: Used materials, fabrics Vintage materials:
Vintage materials, fabrics, or concepts from earlier eras.