Mechanics

Chapter 5
WORK, ENERGY and POWER
PART 2
 WORK – ENERGY PRINCIPLE
• When a force moves a body, it does work and causes a change in the kinetic
energy of the body .
• For motion in straight line with constant acceleration we know that: -

𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
𝐹
• Using newton’s law; replacing a -
𝑚
2
𝐹
2
𝑣 =𝑢 +2 𝑠
𝑚
1 1 1
• Multiplying by m and rearrange gives: 𝑚𝑣 2 − 𝑚𝑢2 = Fs
2
2 2
 WORK – ENERGY PRINCIPLE
• In straight line and constant direction; work done by force is
W = Fs
∴Increase in kinematic energy = work done by force

• but when motion involve a changes of height of the body, work will be done
by/against the weight of the body.
∴Increase in kinematic energy = total work force by all forces
1 1
• Total work force – 2 situation:-
When height of body When height of body
 Fd 
2
mv2

2
mu 2

Total work done by weight + Decrease in gravitational potential

total work done by other forces energy + total work done by other
force
 WORK – ENERGY PRINCIPLE
• Alternative work – energy principle:
Increasing in
mechanical energy
= total work done by forces that act to
speed the body up – total work done
by forces that act to slow the body
down
= work done

∴ Increasing in KE + increase in GPE = Total Work Done by Force

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠 1 1
෍ 𝐹𝑑 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑢2
2
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
= 𝑚𝑎𝑠 2 2
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 = 𝑎𝑠
=𝑚 where
2
2
Example 7 No friction

A particle of mass 4 kg is projected down a plane inclined 30° to the horizontal at a

speed of 1 ms-1. There is a constant resistance of 5 N. Find the speed of the particle
after it has travelled 6 m down the plane.

1 2 1
 Fd  2 mv  2 mu 2

W f  WR  4 v  4 1
1 2 1 2

2 2
410  6 sin 30  56   2v  2
2

v  6.78 ms -1
Example 8
Example 8
Example 9
 Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
• Conservation force is any force for which the work done by that force in
moving a particle between two points is independent of the path taken

• Example conservation force:-

• Weight (depend on change in vertical; initial and final position)
• Work done by force (potential energy – kinetic energy)

• Example of not conversation force:-

• Friction
• Driving force
 Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
• A consequence of the work – energy principle is that for a closed system of
conservative forces the total mechanical energy, KE + GPE, is constant:

initial KE + initial GPE = KE at any point + GPE at any point = final KE + final GPE

• Alternatively, we can think of this as:

loss in GPE = gain in KE (gain in GPE = loss in KE)

• We call this conservation of mechanical energy

Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
Conservation of energy in a system of
conservation force
 Conservation of energy in a system of non-
conservation force
• Non-conservation force is any force for which work done by that force
in moving a particle between two point is different point for different
oaths taken.
• Example of non – conversation force :-
• Driving force
• Friction force
• Air resistance
• Non - converting is – energy change into movement- example driving
force – chemical energy; where from fuel to kinetic energy
Example
 Power
• Power is the rate of doing work; so average power generated by engine is given
by:-
work done by the engine 𝐹𝑠
average power = = ;
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡

𝛿𝑠
=F. = F . V = Fv
𝛿𝑡

The rate at which an engine works is call the power of the engine.

Power = rate of doing work = Fv

@ Power = force x speed
When F, the driving force, is constant.
Example
Example
Example
Thank you……