CONSERVATION

OF
ENERGY
Let’s Recall
What is the another energy that not
stated below ?

A Elastic potential Energy

Gravitational 2
Potential Energy
B
U=mgh
Potential and kinetic Energy

2
C
Kinetic Energy
 Conservative Forces
Work done by force only depends on;

Initial position Final position

 Gravitational force
m=5kg W=mg
U=(5)(10)
U=50 J
6m Work
W=F.d
U=(50)(6)
U=300 J
Work done by gravity
is still the same
 So the friction is non-conservative
force as the energy was not
conserve

Friction force will

turn the energy into
the thermal energy
Some of the
energy are loss

Friction force
 The Principle Of Conservation Of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but energy

can only be transferred or changed from one form to
another

The total energy in a system remains constant as long

as the only forces acting are conservative forces
• The Principle Of Conservation Of Energy states that
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but energy
can only be transferred or changed from one form to
another. So;

∑Ei = ∑Ef
Ki + U i = K f + U f
 The system is released from rest when the 20 kg mass is 4m
above the floor. Determine the velocity v with which the
20 kg mass strikes the floor. Let mA = 5 kg and mB = 20 kg

Use conservation of energy,

B v ∑Ei = ∑Ef
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
𝑚 𝐴 𝑢 2 𝐴+ 𝑚 𝐵 𝑢 2 𝐵+𝑚𝐴 𝑔h 𝐴+𝑚𝐵 𝑔h = 𝑚 𝐴𝑣 2 𝐴 + 𝑚 𝐵 𝑣 2 𝐵+𝑚𝐴 𝑔h 𝐴+𝑚𝐵 𝑔h 𝐵
2 2 2 2

1 1
4m 𝑚 𝐵 𝑔h=
2
𝑚 𝐴 𝑣 2 𝐴+
2
𝑚 𝐵 𝑣 2 𝐵 +𝑚𝐴 𝑔h

1 1
20 𝑥 9.8 𝑥 4 = 5 𝑣 2+ 20 𝑣 2+ (5 𝑥 9.8 𝑥
A 2 2

𝑣 = 6 .859 𝑚𝑠 − 1
 Power And Mechanical Efficiency
• Power is a measure of how quickly work is done.
• So, power is define as the rate of work done;
• Other equation of power is

Therefore,

• Power is also the rate of energy transferred;

• SI unit Watt, W or Js-1
A 1.50 x 103 kg car needs to pass a slow moving lorry. The velocity of the car
changes from 15.2 ms-1 to 19.5 ms-1 in 3.50 s. Calculate the minimum power
required for this pass?
According to work-energy
theorem
First, calculate the change in kinetic energy ΔK: W=ΔK
1 1
Δ 𝐾= 𝑚𝑣 2 − 𝑚𝑢 2
2 2
1
Δ 𝐾 = 𝑚(𝑣 2− 𝑢 2)
2
1
Δ 𝐾 = (1.5 𝑥 103)(19.52 −15. 22)
2
𝑊 Δ 𝐾
Δ 𝐾 =1.12 𝑥 105 𝐽 𝑃= =
𝑡 𝑡
Then, divide the value by the time: 1.12 𝑥 105
𝑃= =3.2 𝑥 104 𝑊
3.5
 Mechanical Efficiency

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑒𝑘= 𝑥100% 𝑒𝑘= 𝑥100%
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
A machine needs 60 J of work to run it. The machine is
capable of giving output work 30 J. Calculate the machine
efficiency.

𝑊 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑒𝑘= 𝑥 100 %
𝑊 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
30
𝑒 𝑘= 𝑥 100 %
60

𝑒𝑘=50 %