mku;T -08

,yq;ifapy; njhopw;fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; jj;Jthu;j;j Kd;Ndhf;Ffs;

kw;Wk; mjd; eilKiwfs;
fw;ww; NgWfs;:

,t; mku;tpd; %ykhf khzth;fs;

1. njhopw;fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljy; njhlu;ghd vz;zf;fUtpd; gupzhk tsu;rpia

tpsf;fTk;
2. njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iw kjpg;gplTk;
3. njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfs; njhlu;ghd nfhs;iffis xg;gplTk;
4. njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfs; njhlu;ghd tplaq;fspy; nghUj;jkhd tpjpfspd;
nfhs;iffis gad;gLj;jTk;
5. njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfspd; tuyhW gw;wp fye;JiuahlTk;
6. njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfspd; Njit gw;wp guPl;rpf;fTk;
7. ghlrhiyfspy; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfspd; Kf;fpa $Wfis gl;bay;
gLj;jTk;
8. tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfSf;fhd njhopy; kw;Wk; topfhl;ly; Nritfis toq;Fjy;
njhlu;ghf tpsf;fkspf;fTk; KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

cs;slf;fk;

8.1 mwpKfk;

8.2 njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; vz;zf;fUf;fspd; gupzhkk;

8.3 njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nehf;fq;fs;

8.4 njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nfhl;ghLfs;>

8.5 ,yq;ifg; ghlrhiyfspy; njhopy;rhu; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; NritfSf;fhd Njit

8.6 ghlrhiyfspy; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfspd; eilKiwfs;

8.7 tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfSf;fhd njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfis

toq;Fjy;
8.8 rhuhk;rk;
8.1 mwpKfk;

njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljy; vd;gJ etPd cyfpy; jtpu;f;f Kbahj

Nritahfptpl;lJ. xU tho;f;ifg; ghijia Muha;e;J Nju;e;njLf;fTk;> njhlu;Gila
jpwd;fis vt;thW tsu;g;gJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; ,e;j topfhl;Ljy; kw;Wk;
MNyhridj; Jiw Fwpg;ghf ,sk; gUtj;jpdUf;F gaDs;sjhf mikAk;.

,e;j mku;tpy; Kjyhtjhf njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; njhlu;ghd vz;zf;fUtpd;

gupzhkj;ij fz;lwpa ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F topfhl;LNthk;. ,uz;lhtjhf njhopy; kw;Wk;
MNyhrid Nritapd; Nehf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhlu;ghd cq;fsJ tpsf;fj;ijj;
njhlu;r;rpahf mjpfupg;Nghk;. %d;whtjhf>njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nfhl;ghLfs;
gw;wp mwpe;J mtw;Wf;fpilNa xg;gPL nra;J mjd; tpidj;jpwid kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;Fk;
mjpYs;s gpur;rpidfis vLj;Jr; nrhy;tjw;Fkhd mwpit ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F cq;fSf;F
gy;NtW tsq;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
,e;j mwpTld;> mku;tpd; Kbtpy; ePq;fs; njhopw;fy;tpapd; gy;NtW Nfhl;ghLfspypUe;J
njhlu;Gila nfhs;iffisg; gad;gLj;jp cq;fs; khztu;fspd; vjpu;fhy tho;f;ifj;
jpl;lq;fSf;F topfhl;l KbAk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

8.2 njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; vz;zf;fUf;fspd; gupzhkk;

njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; tuyhW 1800 fspd; eLg;gFjp tiu nry;fpwJ. njhopy;
topfhl;Ljy; ,af;fj;jpd; G+u;tPf epykhf If;fpa mnkupf;fh fUjg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; gpuhq;f;
ghu;rd;]; njhopy; topfhl;ly; ,af;fj;jpd; je;ij vd;W gutyhf mwpag;gLfpwhu;.

r%f> murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk; Nghd;w gy;NtW Jiwfspy; mnkupf;fhtpy; Vw;gl;l

khw;wq;fs; njhopy; topfhl;Ljy; ,af;fj;jpd; Muk;gk; kw;Wk; tsu;r;rpfis ngupJk;
ghjpj;Js;sJ.

njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; vz;zf;fUf;fspd; gupzhk tsu;r;rpiaf; fz;lwpa

gpd;tUk; fw;wy; nray;ghl;by; ,g;NghJ <LgLNthk;

fw;wy; nray;ghL- 1

jug;gl;l fw;wy; tsq;fspd; cjtpAld; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; tsu;r;rpiaf;

fz;lwpa xU tiuglj;ij tiuaTk;. ,t; tsh;r;rpahdJ njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly;
vz;zf;fUf;fis vt;thW ghjpj;Js;sJ? gFg;gha;T nra;f

fw;wy; tsq;fs;:

• Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career Counselling: A Holistic Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.

Refer to pages 3-10.
• Gladding, S.T., & Batra, P. (2018). Counselling: A Comprehensive Profession. Noida: Pearson.
Refer to FIGURE APPENDIX A.2 on page 600.
NkYs;s nray;ghl;bd; Clhf ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhz;lJ Nghy> njhopy; kw;Wk;
njhopy; topfhl;Ljy; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; mnkupf;fhtpy; 'mjpfhug;G+u;t'
njhlf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. gpuhq;f; ghu;rd;]; xU njhopiyj; Nju;e;njLg;gjw;fhd
Kiwahd nray;Kiwia Kd;itj;j NghjpypUe;Nj "njhopy;" vd;w thu;j;ijapd; tiuaiw
kw;Wk; "njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljy;” gy;NtW topfspy; gupkhd tsu;rpaile;Js;sJ.

Refer to Box 1.1 on page 9 in Zunker (2006) and the section on “THE SCOPE OF CAREER
COUNSELLING AND CAREERS” on page 369 in Gladding, & Batra (2018) for a brief discussion on
this.

8.3 njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nehf;fq;fs;

NkNy cs;s fw;wy; nray;ghl;by; <LgLtjd; %yk;> ePq;fs; ,g;NghJ njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy;
topfhl;Ljypd; gy;NtW Nehf;fq;fs;; njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;ijg; ngWtPu;fs; vd;W ek;GfpNwhk;.
njhopy; njhlu;ghd KbTfis vLf;Fk; jpwd;> kw;wtu;fSld; goFk; jpwd;> Ntiyfisj;
Njl> ngw> guhkupf;f kw;Wk; khw;Wtjw;fhd jpwd;fs; Nghd;w Nghl;bj;jd;ikahd
jpwd;fSld; ,e;Nehf;fq;fs; njhlu;Ggl;Ls;sd (Zunker, 2006).

njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nehf;fq;fs;; cyfpd; ve;jg; gFjpapYk; xNu khjpupahf
,Ue;jhYk;;> njhopw;fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nehf;fq;fs; cyfpd; ntt;NtW
gFjpfSf;Nfw;g khWgLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> r%f nghUshjhug; gpd;dzp> ngw;whu;fspd; ruhrupf; fy;tp kl;lk; kw;Wk;
r%f fyhr;rhu ek;gpf;ifs; Nghd;w fhuzpfshy; USA ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhd Njrpa
njhopy; Nkk;ghl;L topfhl;Ljy;fs; ,yq;iff;fhd njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd;
Nehf;fq;fspy; ,Ue;J NtWgLfpwJ.

vdNt ekJ R+oYf;F Vw;w njhopy; kw;Wk; topfhl;ly; vit vd;gjid mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F
gy;NtW ehLfspd; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nehf;fq;fis Njbawpe;nfhs;tJ kpf
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. vkJ fy;tp cs;slf;fj;jpy; czu;jpwDs;s Nehf;fq;fis tpUj;jpnra;tJ
njhlu;ghd nray;ghl;by; mLj;J <LgLNthk;.

fw;wy; nraw;ghL – 2

cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l fw;wy; tsq;fspd; cjtpAld; ,e;jpa kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkupf;f

ehLfspy; cs;s njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly;fspd; Nehf;fq;fs; kw;Wk;; ,yf;Ffs;
vd;gtw;is milahsk; fhz;f. ve;jtifapy; mit ,yq;ifr; R+oYf;F nghUj;jkhdJ?

,e;jpa kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkupf;f ehLfspd; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nehf;fq;fs;
kw;Wk; ,yf;Ffs; vd;w tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf ePu; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mDgtq;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; ,yq;ifr; R+oYf;F nghUj;jkhd njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljy;
Nehf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; ,yf;Ffs; vd;gtw;wpd; njhFjpnahd;iw gpd;tUk; fy;tpj; juq;fSf;F
cUthf;Ff.
1. Muk;g ghlrhiy kl;lk;
2. ,uz;lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiy kl;lk;
3. gpd; ,uz;lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiyfs; kl;lk; (gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> njhopy;El;gf;
fy;Y}upfs; my;yJ VjhtJ cau; my;yJ %d;whe;ju fy;tp kl;lq;fs;)

fw;wy; tsq;fs;:

• Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career Counselling: A Holistic Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole. Refer to pages
529-40 (Appendices E, F, and G)
• Gladding, S.T., & Batra, P. (2018). Counselling: A Comprehensive Profession. Noida: Pearson. Refer
to pages 387 (beginning with the topic “Career Counselling with Children”) to page 396

8.4 njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nfhl;ghLfs;

njhopy;rhu; tho;f;if njhlu;ghf KbTfis vLg;gjpy; vq;fs; khztu;fSf;Fk;
thbf;ifahsu;fSf;Fk; topfhl;Ljiy toq;Fjy; njhlu;ghd xU Fwpg;G rl;lfj;ij njhopy;
kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs; ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wd.

KbntLf;Fk; nray;Kiwfspy; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk; jdpegu;fspd; MSikg; gz;Gfs;>

mtu;fspd; Ra vz;zf;fU kw;Wk; gpw fhuzpfs; njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;ij mf;Nfhl;ghLfs;
ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wd. ,g;NghJ ehk; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; cld; njhlu;ghd
kpfKf;fpakhd Nfhl;ghLfs; gw;wpa KOikahd mwpitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLNthk;.

fw;wy; nray;ghL- 3
njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; gw;wpa MW Nfhl;ghLfspy; xt;nthd;wpYk;; gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fis
cs;slf;fpajhf cq;fs; tpUg;gj;jpw;fikthf jug;gl;l tsq;fis crhTif nra;J xU
fhl;rp mikg;ig tiuaTk;

- 'njhopy; tsu;r;rp' kw;Wk; 'njhopy; topfhl;Ljy;' vd;w vz;zf;fUf;fs;; Nfhl;ghLfspy;

vt;thW tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
- xU jdpegupd; njhopy; tsu;r;rpiag; ghjpf;Fk; Nfhl;ghL/fhuzpfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
cs;s Nfhl;ghLfs;
- Nfhl;ghl;bd; gpd;dhYs;s Nehf;fq;fs; my;yJ Nfhl;ghl;bw;F mikthf jdpg;gl;l
xUtupd; njhopy; tsu;r;rpiag; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfs;.
- Nfhl;ghLfis nraw;ghl;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jy;
- jw;Nghja r%fj;jpw;F ,f;Nfhl;ghl;bd; nghUj;jg;ghL
- nfhs;ifapYs;s tiuaiwfs;
fw;wy; tsq;fs;:
mZF Kiw
gz;Gf; $W mZFKiw
Trait-oriented theories
r%f mwpif mZFKiw
Social learning and cognitive
theories
njhopy; tpUj;jpf; nfhs;if
Developmental theories
kdpj -#oy; Kd;Ndhf;F
Person-inenvironment
perspective
,g;NghJ ePq;fs; eilKiwg; gad;ghl;ilg; gw;wpa KOikahd tpsf;fj;jpidg;; ngw;Ws;sPu;fs;
vd;W ek;GfpNwhk;.
njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; tsq;fs;
gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfs;
Trait-and-Factor Theory Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career
(Frank Parsons) Counselling: A Holistic
Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.
Refer to pages 25-7. - Gladding,
S.T., & Batra, P. (2018).
Counselling: A Comprehensive
Profession. Noida: Pearson. Refer
to pages 373-5.
Holland’s Model of Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career
Personality Types and Counselling: A Holistic
Occupational Environments Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.
Refer to pages 31-7.
Social-Cognitive Career Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career
Theory (Albert Bandura) Counselling: A Holistic
Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.
Refer to pages 48-51. - Gladding,
S.T., & Batra, P. (2018).
Counselling: A Comprehensive
Profession. Noida: Pearson. Refer
to pages 378-80
Life span, Life-space Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career
Approach to Careers Counselling: A Holistic
(Donald Super) Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.
Refer to pages 52-62. - Gladding,
S.T., & Batra, P. (2018).
Counselling: A Comprehensive
Profession. Noida: Pearson. Refer
to pages 375-8. -
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=F1gPTpl5X4g YouTube video
on “Five Life & Career
Development Stages by Donald
Super” (duration: 04 minutes 03
seconds)
Action Theory (Young, Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career
Valach, & Collin) Counselling: A Holistic
Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.
Refer to pages 75-77.
Xh; Mrpupau;> Mrpupau; MNyhrfu; my;yJ ve;jnthU njhopy; MNyhrid epGzUf;Fk;
mtu;fspd; topfhl;Ljy; Njitg;gLk; eilKiwr; R+o;epiyfisf; ifahSk;NghJ njhopy;
kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypd; Nkw;$wpa Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; mwpT kw;Wk; tpsf;fk;
vd;gtw;iw xUq;fpizf;f Ntz;baJ kpf Kf;fpakhdJk; ftdpf;f Ntz;baJkhFk;.
,jd;fhuzkhfNt xt;nthU Nfhl;ghLk; njhopy; tsu;r;rpiag; gw;wpa Gupjiy ntt;NtW
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; toq;FtNjhL mit gy mk;rq;fisAk; njspthff;; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

khztu;fs; rpy rkaq;fspy; mtu;fSf;F Vw;wtplaq;fs;> mtu;fspd; ,yl;rpaq;fis

mile;Jnfhs;s gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba fw;iffs; kw;Wk; njhopy; kw;Wk; tho;f;ifg; ghijfisg;
gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;s Mrpupau;fspd; topfhl;Ljiy ehLfpd;wdu;.
vdNt xt;nthU MrpupaUk; nghUj;jkhd tho;f;ifg; ghijfis Muha;tjpy; jq;fs;
khztu;fSf;F topfhl;lj; Njitahd jpwd;fisg; ngw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
,g;NghJ> cq;fs; khztu;fSf;F ,ijr; nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gil mwpitAk;
tpopg;Gzu;itAk; ePq;fs; ngw;wpUf;fpwPu;fs; vd;W ek;GfpNwhk;.

mLj;jjhf cq;fs; nrhe;j fy;tp mikg;gpy; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;lypy; vt;thW
<LgLtPu;fs; vd;w tpsf;fj;ij kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;F fw;wy; nray;ghL 4 Ig; G+u;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;.

fw;wy; nray;ghL -4
khztu;fSf;F njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljiy toq;Ftjpy; Mrpupaupd; tfpgq;F
vd;d?
cq;fs; nrhe;j fy;tp mikg;igg; gw;wp rpe;jpj;J> xU Mrpupaupd; Fiwe;jJ gj;J
tfpgq;ifahtJ rpe;jpj;J ntspf;nfhzUq;fs;.
,ijr; nra;a> ePq;fs; fw;Wf;nfhz;l njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljy; Nfhl;ghLfspd;
nfhs;iffisf; ftdpAq;fs;
ePq;fs; jahhpj;j gl;baiy cq;fs; rfhf;fSld; xg;gpLq;fs;. mtu;fspd; khztu;fs;
,t;thwhd topfhl;liyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F my;yJ mj;jifa topfhl;Ljiyg;
ngwtopfhl;Ltjw;F Mrpupah;fSf;F cjTk; Kfkhf XU njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy;rhu;
topfhl;bfSf;fhd njhFg;ig cUthf;f cq;fs; rfhf;fspy; Fiwe;jJ %d;W NgUld;
mtu;fs; njhFj;j njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljypy; Mrpupaupd; gq;Ffis xg;gpl;;Lf;
fye;Jiuahb njhopy;rhu; topfhl;bfSf;fhd njhFg;ig cUthf;Fq;fs;.

8.5 ,yq;ifg; ghlrhiyfspy; njhopy;rhu; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; NritfSf;fhd Njit

fw;wy; nray;ghL - 5
,yq;ifg; ghlrhiy khzth;fSf;F njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nrit Njit
vd;W ePq;fs; epidf;fpwPuf
; sh?
,yq;ifg; ghlrhiyfspy; ,t;thwhdnjhU Nritapdhy; vd;d ed;ikfs; Vw;gLk;?
fw;wy; tsq;fs;:

• Gunatilaka, R., Mayer, M., & Vodopivec, M. (2010). The Challenge of Youth Employment in Sri Lanka.
Washington DC: The World Bank. Refer to pages 45-6.

• NEC, Sri Lanka research report

 http://nec.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/8-Final-2.pdf
Refer to pages 2-4, the section on “1.2 School Education and Career Guidance.”

8.4 ghlrhiyfspy; njhopy;rhu; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfspd; eilKiwfs;

,g;NghJ njhopy; topfhl;Ljiy cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapy; ghlrhiyr;

r%fj;jpw;F fpilf;Fk; ed;ikfs; gw;wpa njspthd rpe;jidiag; ngw;Ws;suP ;fs;. gy;NtW
ehLfspy;;> ghlrhiyfspy; njhopy;rhu; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljy; Nritfspd;
eilKiwfis njupe;Jnfhs;tjw;F ,J rpwe;j Neuk; vdyhk;. ,t;thW njupe;Jnfhs;tJ>
vq;fsJ ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhd ey;ynjhU njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;Ljiyg;
gw;wp kPz;Lk; rpe;jpf;f cjTk;.
,yq;ifg; ghlrhiyr; R+oYf;F Vw;wthW khw;wpaikf;f KbAkhd njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy;
topfhl;ly; njhlu;ghd mwpit tpsf;fj;ij tpupTgLj;Jtjw;F fw;wy; nray;ghL 6 ,y;
<LgLq;fs;

fw;wy; nray;ghL - 6 gFjp (1)

fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fw;wy; Mjhuq;fis crhTif nra;J ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; gy;NtW

ehLfs; jq;fs; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;lypy; gpd;gw;Wk; cj;jpfs; vd;d vd;gij
mwpe;J vz;zf;fU tiuglj;ij cUthf;fTk;. kw;wtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpa tsq;fisAk;
crhTiffisAk; Njb mwpe;J mjpYs;s mwpit cq;fs; fUj;J tiuglj;jpy;
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fw;wy; tsq;fs;:

• Slideshow on practices in the U.S.A.

https://www.slideshare.net/ericaswallow/high-school-career-development

programs?next_slideshow=1
Refer to slides 37-46.

• Article on career guidance and counselling in secondary schools in Hong Kong:

PDF downloadable from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332223394
Career_Guidance_and_Counseling_in_Secondary_Schools_in_Hong_Kong_A_Hi
storical_Overview
Refer to the Abstract on page 1, and the section on developments from the year 2000 on pages
9-14.

• Research report on guidance and counselling practices in Malawi:

https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248069

Refer the section on “Guidance and Counselling in Secondary Schools” on pages 13-17.
fw;wy; nray;ghL 6 gFjp (11)
,g;;NghJ cq;fs; ghlrhiy mikg;gpy; ePq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;j tpUk;Gk; njhopw;fy;tp
kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfspd; eilKiwfs; Fwpj;j gzpj; jpl;lj;ijj;
jahupf;fTk;. ,jw;F ePq;fs; gpd;tUk; ,iza ,izg;Gf;fisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
https://www.wikihow.com/Sample/Things to-Include-in-a-Work-Plan

fw;wy; tsq;fs;:

• Module from the Commonwealth of Learning on Vocational Counselling

http://oasis.col.org/handle/11599/395
Refer to pages 12-13; page 27 (section on “Planning a Career Programme”); pages 32-35.
• NEC, Sri Lanka research report

http://nec.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/8-Final-2.pdf
Refer to pages 11-16, the section on “Existing Career Guidance in the School
System in Sri Lanka’ pages 56-67, the section under the topic “Discussion,
Suggestions and Recommendations.”

8.7 tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfSf;fhd njhopy;rhu; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly;

Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhd Njitfs;

,e;j mku;tpd; Kd;ida gFjpfspy;> ghlrhiy khztu;fspd; njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy;

topfhl;LjYf;F mtrpak; gw;wp gy;NtW mk;rq;fis ehq;fs; fye;JiuahbNdhk;.
,J rk;ge;jkhf> tpNrl Njitfs; cs;s gps;isfs; vd;W xU rpwg;G khztu; FO
gw;wp ehk; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfs; vd;gtu;fs;
gue;Jgl;l tPr;rpy; cs;slf;fg;glNtz;ba gy tifahd Foe;ijfs; cs;sdu;.
mt;tFjpapdu; rpyiu Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ> xl;brk; > tsu;r;rpf; NfhshWfs; > czu;jpwd;
FiwghLfs;> Fwpg;gpl;l fw;wy; rpukq;fs;> kd ,Wf;fk; kw;Wk; cly; FiwghLfs;
cs;s Foe;ijfisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,t;thwhd tpNrlNjitAs;s gps;isfspd;
Ntiyapd;ik> r%f ghFghL> cly; mnrsfupaq;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fs; mDgtpf;Fk;
czu;r;rpg; gpur;ridfs; Nghd;w fhuzq;fSf;fhf mtu;fSf;F njhopy; kw;Wk;
njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nritfis toq;FtJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,t;thW
toq;Fk;NghJ Nkw;$wg;gl;l gpur;ridfspypUe;J ,t;tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfis
XusT ghJfhf;fyhk; (Mohanty, 2015).

vdNt> mj;jifa gps;isfspd; G+uz tsu;r;rpia cWjp nra;Jnfhz;L mtu;fis

Ntiy cyfpw;F jahu;gLj;JtJ ghlrhiy Mrphpah;fspdJk; ngw;Nwhu;fspdJk;
Kf;fpa nghWg;ghFk;.
ghlrhiyr; R+oypy; tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfSf;fhd njhopy; kw;Wk;
njhopy;topfhl;ly; MNyhrid njhlu;ghd mwpitAk; mjid
 eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cj;jpfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd mDgtj;ij
gpd;tUk; fw;wy; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjd; %yk; ePq;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

fw;wy; nray;ghL- 7

nfhLf;fg;gl;l fw;wy; tsq;fspd; cjtpAld; tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfs; jq;fs;

Ranjhopy;tha;g;ig epahakhf cWjpnra;J nfhs;tjw;F epGzh;j;Jtk; ngwNtz;ba
jpwd;fis milahsk; fhz;f. ,j;jifa gps;isfs; jq;fsJ jpwd; tpUj;jpw;F
trjpaspg;gjw;fhf ghlrhiy Mrpupau;fs; my;yJ ghlrhiyfs; nghUj;jkhf;fpf;
nfhs;sf;$ba cj;jpfis gupe;Jiuf;Ff.

tpNrl NjitAs;s gps;isfSf;fhd njhopy;rhu; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly;

tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba jpwd;fs; Rationale ghlrhiy
nghUj;jkhf;fpf;nfhs;sNtz;ba
cj;jpfs;

fw;wy; tsq;fs;:

• Mohanty, A. (2015). Vocational Counselling and Transition Skill Training for Adolescents with Special
Needs. Creative Education, 6(02), 255.
• Williams, Jeraldine, "Career Planning and Counseling Strategies for Students with
Mild Learning Disabilities" (2013).OTS Master's Level Projects & Papers. 11.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ots_masters_projects/11
Refer to pages 44-48 (Chapter v).
• Mynatt, B. S., & Gibbons, M. M. (2011). Preparing students with disabilities for their future careers.
Retrieved from
http://counselingoutfitters.com/vistas/vistas11 /Article_08.
Pdf Refer to pages 4-5

8.8 rhuhk;rk;
,yq;ifr;; R+o;epiyapy; tpNrlkhf ghlrhiy mikg;gpy; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jp>
njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs;; kw;Wk; mjd; eilKiwfs;
,yq;ifg; ghlrhiyfspy; vt;thW cs;sd vd;gJ njhlu;ghd tpsf;fq;fis
cUthf;f ,e;j mku;T cq;fSf;F cjtpapUf;Fk; vd;W ek;GfpNwhk;.

njhopy; kw;Wk; njhopy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid gw;wpa fUj;Jfspd; gupzhk tsu;r;rp

kw;Wk; njhopy; kw;Wk; topfhl;lypd; Nehf;fq;fs; gw;wpa cq;fs; tpsf;fj;ij NkYk;
tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s ,t;tku;T trjpaspj;Js;sJ vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
NkYk; ,t;tku;tpy; ePq;fs; njhopy; kw;Wk;; njhopy;topfhl;ly; eilKiwfspy;
nghjpe;J kiwe;Js;s nfhs;iffs; gw;wpa njspthd tpsf;fnkhd;iwAk;
ngw;wpUg;gPu;fs; vdTk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
NkYk; ,t;tku;tpy; toq;fg;gl;l fw;wy; nraw;ghLfs;> njhopy; kw;Wk;;
njhopy;topfhl;ly; Njitapd; mtrpak; ghlrhiyapy; Kf;fpa Njitahf cs;sJ
vd;gij Vw;Wf;nfhs;sr; nra;tjw;F tha;g;gspf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gNjhL ePq;fs; Xu;
Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; njhopy; topfhl;lypy; Mrpau; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyapd; gq;F
vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpAk; tpsf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

crhj;Jizfs; :

Gladding, S.T., & Batra, P. (2018). Counselling: A Comprehensive Profession. Noida:

Pearson.

Gunatilaka, R., Mayer, M., & Vodopivec, M. (2010). The Challenge of Youth Employment
in Sri Lanka. Washington DC: The World Bank.

Mohanty, A. (2015). Vocational Counselling and Transition Skill Training for Adolescents
with Special Needs. Creative Education, 6(02), 255.

Piyasiri, T.A., Gamage, Y.G.P., & Manathunga, Y.S. (2014). Study on Career Guidance in
General Education in Sri Lanka. Nugegoda: NEC.
http://nec.gov.lk/wpcontent/uploads/2016/04/8-Final-2.pdf

Syafawati Najla. (2018, April 27). Five Life & Career Development Stages by Donald
Super. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1gPTpl5X4g

Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career Counselling: A Holistic Approach. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.