Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ENERGY
FOREWORD Energy and climate change mitigation
PREFACE Implementation Framework
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MRV Framework
ACRONYMS ENVIRONMENT AND COASTAL AREAS
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Climate change impacts on environment and coastal areas
Rationale Implementation framework
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE BALOCHISTAN MRV Framework
BALOCHISTAN CLIMATE CHANGE PROFILE HEALTH
Impact of climate change in Balochistan Climate Change impacts on health
ARCHITECTURE OF POLICIES GOVERNING CLIMATE CHANGE Implementation Framework
PROCESS OF PREPARATION OF IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK MRV Framework
Workshop methodology AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK
WATER Climate change impacts on food security, agriculture and
livestock
Impacts of climate change on water availability
Implementation Framework
Implementation Framework
MRV Framework
MRV Framework
DRR
DRR and Climate Change
Implementation Framework
MRV Framework
LIST OF ACRONYMS
CCI Council of Common Interests GCISC Global Change Impact Studies Centre
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction HDIP Hydro Carbon Development Institute of Pakistan
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization ICTs Information and Communication Technologies
R&D Research and Development UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
REDD+ Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
degradation WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority
SCP Sustainable Consumption and Production WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development
Global research going back to 1824 in elds ranging through physics, There is need for recognition from all stakeholders that overexploitation of
oceanography, biology and geology have con rmed that human natural resources and following unsustainable pathways to development
activity mainly burning fossil fuels, raising livestock and destroying carbon that irrevocably disturb the balance between nature and human activity will
sinks like forests and wetlands is increasing greenhouse gas emissions and put the planet at risk. While we need economic development there is an
causing global temperatures to rise rapidly, putting humanity at risk. Every equal and urgent need to protect the environment, and to remember that
legitimate scienti c academy and institution agrees that time is running out the two are not equal considerations. The current economic model can be
and urgent action is needed to keep temperature increase below 2 degrees changed but the nite resources of the planet cannot be enhanced to meet
Celsius. the needs of a human population that has more than quadrupled to seven
billion and rising in little more than a century. All studies are unanimous in
However despite scienti c evidence there is a disconnect between the their conclusion that we must refrain from burning fossil fuel to avoid
reality of climate change and the priority given to it by the governments catastrophic warming.
around the world in taking measures that are critical for keeping PPM rate
below 3%. The Atmospheric CO2 is rising at an unprecedented rate. The Pakistan is among several countries whose carbon footprint is a fraction of
consequences of this rapid increase are profound for earth's temperatures, global GHG emissions, but where the magnitude of climate induced stress
climates, ecosystems and species, both on land and in the oceans. has created disproportionate vulnerability on ground. As far as numbers go,
Pakistan accounts for a mere 0.8% of total global emissions even as its
carbon footprint has grown by 123 per cent over the last two decades
against an average industrial growth rate of 5.33 per cent per annum
between 1990-2017 .
The stresses of climate change are all too evident in Pakistan and the region
at large. Accelerated melting of glaciers, erratic monsoons, frequency of
extreme weather events such as ash oods and heat waves have a massive
cumulative impact on Pakistan's poor climate resilience and governance
mechanisms. In 2015, Pakistan requisitioned US$ 40 billion abatement cost in
mitigation and 7- 14 million USD to meet adaptation needs as part of it its
Nationally Determined Contribution, projecting an increase from 405 metric
tons carbon dioxide to more than 1,603 metric tons of CO2 in the next 15
years.
Rationale
Recognizing the crucial mandate available to provinces to implement
climate action, the Civil Society Coalition for Climate Change (CSCCC)
collaborated with the Ministry of Climate Change (MoCC) and
Environmental Protection Agency, Balochistan (EPA) to conduct a
consultative workshop to formulate policy recommendations that help
construct an institutional framework for achieving the objectives of climate
change policies at the state level.
In order to develop a framework that feeds into existing policies and also
re ects Balochistans speci c short and long term concerns, CSCCC used the
National Climate Change Implementation Framework as the building block,
and aligned it with the National Climate Change Policy to construct sector
speci c templates for developing a sub-national framework of activities that
dovetail with the national policy and framework. A template for Monitoring,
Reporting and Veri cation Framework was also developed to help with
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE BALOCHISTAN
Figure 2: Map Showing Pre-Dominant Land Use in Balochistan Province Figure 3: Mean Annual Rainfall in Balochistan (Source: PMD)
(Source: Bureau of Statistics)
BALOCHISTAN CLIMATE CHANGE PROFILE
The unique physiography of Balochistan, featuring rough terrain with a GDP (government of Balochistan, 2010). The province already receives
combination of mountainous tracts and plains with varying heights, means meagre rainfall, and with further climate impacts such as extreme weather
that it faces a unique set of challenges linking to climate change. The events, drought and epidemics, the sector is extremely vulnerable. More
ecology of the province has distinct ecosystems such as mountain ranges, than half of the cultivated area of Balochistan, 53% is under 'Sailaba
deserts and dry-lands, inland water bodies, forests, woodlands,and ( oodwater) and Khushkhaba (rainfall and localized runoff) farming systems.
grasslands. While 47% of the land is irrigated, the non irrigated farming systems cater to
the livelihoods of the poorest strata of the population, and even minor
In addition, Balochistan has a vast coastline stretching over 800 km from near changes in the hydrology and weather can have devastating impacts.
Karachi to the Gwadar Bay (Rasool et. Al 2002), with a rich marine life, large
areas of mangrove forests. While the coastal ecosystems in Balochistan are Energy
highly productive, providing a range of goods and services, the continued Data suggests that the total electricity demand in Balochistan is between
impacts of climate change on the region may impact their productivity and 1400-1600 MW, while the actual supply is in the region of 700 MW. Electric
resilience. grid networks in the province do not have suf cient capacity to transmit
energy as per the full demand. While the mineral and natural resource rich
As the driest region in Pakistan, Balochistan receives 210 mm of rainfall per province has suf cient resources to generate and ful l its energy demand,
annum on average, with a warming trend in mean temperatures. Between much of this is supplied to the national electric grid. Balochistan contains
1960-2007, the total change in temperature recorded was 1.15 Celsius. more than 33% of the natural gas of the country, 9% of the coal and 2% of the
Alongside this, it has been observed that Balochistan had the highest rise in probable oil reserves, and accounts for 40% of the primary energy
mean maximum temperature in the same period, increasing at 1.10 celsius production in Pakistan. However, the province itself relies on biomass energy
(PMD, 2009). There has also been an increase in the frequency of warm days such as rewood and dung cakes for its energy needs, leading to alarming
in Balochistan, at around 4-16 days per decade. Conversely, there has also amounts of deforestation.
been a noted increase in the frequency of cold days in mountainous regions
of Pakistan, particularly in Balochistan, of an average of 30-60 days (ibid). The province is also set to see increasing investments through the China
Pakistan Economic Corridor, such as the 300 MW imported coal based
Impact of climate change in Balochistan power project at Gwadar, Pakistan, and the 1320 MW coal red power plant
The changes in the climate of Balochistan manifest in some of its most vital in Hub, Balochistan. As an important player in the power sector of Pakistan,
sectors, and have far reaching impacts. As the province with the lowest HDI and the investments in energy in the past decades, it is important that
in Pakistan, climate change is expected to exacerbate existing Balochistan's mitigation options are carefully weighed.
vulnerabilities.
Health
Agriculture and Livestock The sparsely populated province of Balochistan is the lowest in terms of the
Agriculture and Livestock employ the largest proportion of Balochistan's HDI in Pakistan. Inadequate support of health services, due to a number of
population at 67%, as well as contributing more than half of the provincial reasons ranging from the lack of available facilities and trained practitioners,
to communities living in remote areas/nomadic communities that are unable same time, the province, particularly communities living in the three main
to access basic services as well as face other socio-cultural barriers that river basins, i.e. Gwadar Ormara basin, Porlai River Basin and Hub River
restrict equal opportunities for growth. Infant mortality rates are high at 79 Basin, are at risk during the monsoon season when they are ooded. During
per 1000 live births in Balochistan, while malaria positivity rates were the the 2007 oods in Lasbela, heavy rain damaged nearly 40% of health
highest in Pakistan at 12.19% in 2006. ; in Balochistan in particular, more than facilities, as well as in the past, washing away sections of the Makran Coastal
60% BHUs are without electricity, more than 70% do not have running water highway, causing losses of millions.
and more than 90% have no public toilets. Of the expected pregnancies in a
time period, only 24% register for prenatal care at BHUs and 15% register for With remote communities and underdeveloped physical infrastructure,
delivery. This data also shows that most BHUs are generally in a dilapidated relief and rescue post disaster is dif cult in the province, highlighting the
state and remain underutilized1. need for pre emptive adaptation and early warning systems.
There is evidence to suggest that extreme events, as well as lack of access to Coastal Areas
water and other essential goods and services, may negatively impact the The coastal districts of Balochistan are natural resource based economies,
resilence of the already vulnerable population of Balochistan, as the risk of where the majority of people are dependent on marine sheries. The 800 km
water borne diseases, epidemics and malnutrition increase with the long coastline is also at risk from coastal erosion and sea intrusion,
incidents of these events. particularly on Dam Bander, Pasni, Sub Bander, Pashukan and Jiwani,
intruding on farming land. The coastal belt is also facing an increased
Environment and Forestry number of above average intense cyclones, such as Cyclone Gonu (2006),
An estimated 80% of the land area in Balochistan is rangeland (Ahmad and Yemyin (2007) and Phet(2010). At the same time, changes in sea surface
Islam, 2011), in which animal production is heaviliy dependent on grazing temperatures as well as environmental degradation and over shing have
resources, while also providing ecosystem services such as carbon impacted marine ecology in the area.
sequestration, fuelwood for household energy, nutrient recycling,
biodiversity and wildlife habitat, and ecotourism. In addition, the mangroves As the coastal belt of Balochistan continues to be developed as a major
of Balochistan are an important asset, that are threatened by sea level rise, trading hub for Pakistan, the implications for the environment and local
changes in temperature and precipitation and increasing frequency and communities, who are already impacted by extreme events and who rely
intensity of extreme events, that will impact the soil quality and biodiversity solely on natural resources for their livelihoods, must be taken into account.
status of Balochistan.
1
Health Indicators of Pakistan, Gateway Paper II, Sania Nishtar, 2010
ARCHITECTURE OF POLICIES GOVERNING CLIMATE CHANGE
As Balochistan continues to face the impacts of climate change, that At present, the province does not have a Climate Change Policy, although it
manifest in extreme weather events, the province is also home to some of is to be developed keeping the National Climate Change Policy of Pakistan
the most important trading ports in Pakistan, that highlight its strategic as a basis.
importance for the country. In addition, mineral rich Balochistan provides a
large proportion, 33% of the total natural gas of Pakistan, as well as 9% of the
coal, which is set to increase under the developing projects by the
Government in collaboration with CPEC. Like the rest of Pakistan,
Balochistan is faced with the unique challenge of adapting to the impact of
climate change, while ensuring that emissions are curbed.
ARCHITECTURE OF POLICIES GOVERNING CLIMATE CHANGE
The CSCCC secretariat engaged in a pre-workshop consultation with the quanti able actions in line with existing policies, and an MRV Framework to
EPA on the 19th of September 2017. In this consultation, CSCCC met with match the identi ed actions with measurable monitoring indicators. These
key personnel from the EPA department to narrow down the scope of the tools were reviewed by the Balochistan government and CSCCC's roster of
Consultation, re ne its objectives, identify key themes for discussion. In experts before nalization. CSCCC then developed a set of reference
order to ensure a participatory and inclusive approach for the co creation of materials for each group in the consultative workshop, drawing from the
this document, EPA was requested to nominate of cials from government existing policies and SDGs, to ensure that the consultative dialogues were in
departments linked to climate and environment, while CSCCC would be line with national policies
responsible for the participation of key stakeholders from civil society,
academia and private sector. Workshop Methodology
The structure and design of the workshop was built on the concepts of the
The inception dialogue was conducted at two levels to develop a broad Lima-Paris Action Agenda and anchored in the principles of the Open
based constituency of support for the workshop objectives. The CSCCC Government Partnership (OGP) that highlight the importance of civil society
delegation called on the Chief Secretary of Balochistan, to apprise him and emphasizes the need for engagement with policy makers in
about the purpose of organizing the workshop framing policies that are representative,
and the expected outcome of the session. A participatory and inclusive. The workshop
meeting was also held at the Department of Initial Consultation brought together policy makers and relevant
Planning and Development Balochistan with with CS
Balochistan and EPA stakeholders from the government, civil society,
participation from relevant line departments to academia, private sector and the media to set the
Review of NCCP,
share proposed agenda and receive input from and National climate change agenda for Punjab contextualised
department representatives. CSCCC followed a Workshop Framework in its adaptation and mitigation needs. The
conducted for Implementation
'Whole of Government Approach' to build of Climate Change inaugural plenary speakers focused on challenges
consensus on objectives, identify thematic areas Policy and policy priorities taking into account shared
and share program methodology. Focal persons sector speci c constraints peculiar to the local
from both sides were nominated and roles and geography and topographical range. The threats
responsibilities were distributed with mutual and opportunities were shared with the
Development of
consent to streamline activities. Identi cation of key Implementation Action audience/participants to amplify concerns and
Concurrently, following a review of the National stakeholders Planning Tools/MRV suggest solutions on way forward.
C l i m a t e C h a n g e P o l i c y, t h e N a t i o n a l Tools
Implementation Framework for the The workshop session was divided into six
Review of Toolkit by
Implementation of the Climate Change Policy, EPA and CSCCC working groups and tasked with the development
CSCCC developed a set of tools to be experts of an Implementation and Monitoring, Reporting
implemented during the workshop, i.e. and Veri cation Framework aligned with the goals
Implementation Framework tool to identify of the Punjab Climate Change Policy and in
consonance with the National Climate Change Policy and Framework. Effort
was also made to identify compatible activities that dovetail seamlessly with
the SDGs and help in building complementary synergies. Each working
group comprised of representatives from the government and civil society
and was gender balanced to make it participatory and inclusive. The six
thematic area for the working groups were based on the key areas of focus in
the National Climate Change Policy.
Impacts of climate change on water availability aquifers. Surface water potential is estimated at 12.3 BM3, which is exploited
Water is increasingly being recognized as one of the most valuable using the traditional sailaba and khuskhaba methods.
commodities in Balochistan, where most agriculture depends upon natural
sources of water i.e. Sailaba and Khushkhaba. In addition, the province As the temperatures and rainfall patterns in Balochistan continue to vary, as
receives well under the average national rainfall per annum at 210 well as unsustainable practices regarding the extraction of groundwater,
mm/annum. As climate change threatens water availability and rainfall there is evidence that water scarcity will become the foremost challenge to
patterns, particularly in Balochistan where there have been observed human lives, the economy and the environment of Balochistan. Drought
changes in rainfall patterns, as well as a 1.10 degree Celsius rise in mean conditions are already rampant in the province, and adequate strategies to
temperatures between 1960-2007, leading to increased surface address the anticipated water shortages are necessary.
evaporation.
Groundwater potential is
estimated at 1.2 BM3, which is
available for irrigated
agriculture through traditional
Karezes, natural springs and
open wells. Due to the
availability of electricity,
tubewells, some going to the
depth of 1000 feet below
ground in water stressed areas,
have been installed, leading to
dangerous depletion of Figure 4: Source: Irrigation Dept. Govt of Balochistan, 2016
Implementation Framework
Objective 1: Develop and strengthen relevant institutions, policies and framework to promote integrated water resource management with
special focus on water related rules and regulations, nancial management and capacity building
Objective 1: Develop and strengthen relevant institutions, policies and framework to promote integrated water resource management with
special focus on water related rules and regulations, nancial management and capacity building
Create awareness and 15000 households High Priority, Donor funded Balochistan PHED, On a rolling 12
promote rainwater across all districts Short term projects PCRWR basis
harvesting at household adopt rainwater
and local levels harvesting
Adoption of high 1000 commercial High priority/ As above Balochistan Agriculture 3-5 years 12
ef ciency irrigation farmers and 15000 medium term Department
techniques small landholders
adopt ef cient
irrigation/subsidy
introduced
Revise and Revised By Laws High priority/ Government Urban Planning Unit 3-5 years 10
enforce building by long term funding/provincial
laws having water funding
ef cient equipment for
better water use
ef ciency
MRV Framework
Actions Indicators Baseline Target Means of Frequency Responsibility Reporting
(What is (What is Veri cation (How often (Who will (Where will it be
the current the target (How will it be will it be measurer?) reported?)
value?) value?) measured?) measured?)
Initiate development of Development of No Integrated Policy Consultative Quarterly Bureau of IWRM policy for
Balochistan Water Policy Water policy for Water Policy for developed with meetings held, Water, EPA, Balochistan
on Integrated
Balochistan Balochistan an assessments WASA
approaches Training
programs for enhancing
implementation conducted,
water resource plan for the next nal policy
management Develop 10 years developed
Standard Operating Number of staff No capacity At least 50% of Trainings Quarterly PHED, irrigation, Departmental
Procedures (SOPs) for at provincial assessment relevant staff in conducted P&D and progress reports
planning, designing,
institutions and conducted as institutions (attendance agriculture, EPA on monthly basis.
construction,
monitoring, operations local institutions yet trained sheets and
and maintenance for trained payments)/
various categories of Evaluations
water supply schemes SOPs developed, Outdated SOPs SOPs at PCRWR water Quarterly PHED dept., Quarterly PCRWR
Establish and promote water provincial and quality report, PCRWR (Quetta) Reports.
appropriate water
conservation district levels OPD health,
pricing mechanism to
ensure recovery of O projects developed register health
and M and capital costs improved dept.
Create awareness and design and
promote rainwater operations
harvesting at household Water pricing Water pricing Recovery of WAPDA, Ministry Quarterly Water Departmental
and local levelsAdoption mechanism in mechanism costs through of Water and Reporting department, Reports, Energy
of high ef ciency place that outdated integrated water Power engineering Board reports
irrigation techniques promotes pricing departments
Revise and enforce recovery
building by laws having
of costs
water ef cient
equipment for better Rainwater Negligible use Number of Municipal Quarterly PHED EPA reporting,
water use ef ciency harvesting of rainwater projects corporations, Reporting departments,
institutionalized harvesting agriculture Municipal
at household departments etc corporations,
and local level development
authorities
Ef cient water Needs Number of Agriculture dept. Quarterly Agriculture dept., Departmental
use in irrigation veri cation. projects report (trickle Reporting engineering reports
installed irrigation dept.), dept.
chamber of
irrigation.
ENV, PHE, BI- annual, EPA
(WASA reporting,
agriculture, departments
municipal report.
authority, local
govt. depts.)
DRR
Mines Accidents
Locusts/Pests
Refugees &
Earthquake
Industrial &
Landslides
Accidents
Transport
Tasunami
Cyclones
disaster response systems and remote populations, these extreme events
Drought
Floods
S.No.
IDPs
Fine
District
rapidly turn into disasters.
Since 2007, the coastal belt in Balochistan has been experiencing an
increased number of above average and intense cyclones, for instance,
1 Awaran 5 1 4 - - - - - 2 - -
Cyclone Gonu (2007), Cyclone Yemin (2007) and Cyclone Phet (2010). 2 Kacchi 2 5 2 - - - 2 2 - - 4
3 Barkhan - 5 1 - - - - - - -
Cyclone Gonu, also known as 'Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu' was the 4 Chagai 5 1 3 - - - - 1 - - -
5 Dera-Bugti 2 4 1 - - - - - - - -
strongest recorded tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea. It managed to collide 6 4 5 5 - - - - - 5 5 -
Gawadar
with parts of Gwadar on June 4, 2007 and damaged over 200 shing boats in 7 Harnai 2 5 4 2 - 1 - 1 - - -
the coastal town of Sur Bandar. The same year, Cyclone Yemyin, famed as the 8 Jafferabad 2 5 2 - 2 1 - - - - 4
9 Sohbat Pur 2 5 2 - 2 1 - - - - 4
Tropical Cyclone 03B, made its second landfall on June 26, near Ormara and 10 Jhal Magsi 2 5 2 - - - - - - - 4
Pasni towns of Gwadar. At least 380 people were killed while some 250,000 11 Killa Abdullah 5 2 5 3 - - - 2 - - 4
people were homeless after the cyclone attened their homes. Cyclone 12 Killa Saifullah 3 4 3 3 - 1 - - - - 3
13 Kohlu - 4 1 3 - - - - - -
Yemyin also displaced almost 300,000 people. 14 Kharan 4 2 3 - - - - - - -
15 Kalat 2 4 5 1 - 1 - 1 - - -
The coastal districts of Balochistan have three main river basins: Gwadar- 16 Khuzdar 2 5 4 - - 2 - - - -
17 Kech 5 3 4 - 2 - 2 - - -
Ormara basin, Porlai River basin and Hub River basin. During monsoon,
18 Lasbela 1 5 5 2 2 5 5
these basins over spill small dams and reservoirs after getting ooded. The 19 Loralai 3 5 2 1 1 3
coastal communities, in the catchment areas and oodplains, live in a 20 Mastung 3 3 5 1 1
constant fear that a new wave of fresh oods will wash away their homes and 21 Musakhail 5 1 3
Scoring Keys
2
Extremely High High Moderate Low Very Low Nil
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1463981/embattled-balochistan-now-different-foe/
5 4 3 2 1
Implementation Framework
Strategy # 1: Incorporate hazard mitigation policies
MRV Framework
Strategy Actions Indicators Baseline Target Data Source Frequency Responsibility Reporting
#1
Prepare an # of Natural No hazard All districts DDMA Every Six Month PDMA PAK Province
integrated natural hazard maps Mapping MET P&D Natural
hazard zoning prepared by available Hazard
map each district Mapping
Report
Incorporate hazard mitigation policies
Identify the # of areas No hazard All landslide DDMA Every Year DDMA Vulnerability
landslides landslides Mapping vulnerable assessment
vulnerable areas identi es available areas
mountain areas in vulnerable
districts
Identify low oods # of areas ood No hazard All landslide DDMA Every Year DDMA Vulnerability
risk areas for risk areas for Mapping vulnerable assessment
future land use future land use available areas
planning. planning
Identify safe areas # of safe areas for No baseline All districts of DDMA Every six month DDMA District
for evacuation of evacuation of available province disaster risk
people and people and reduction
livestock in each livestock in each plan
vulnerable locality vulnerable district
Update river laws # of updated laws No baseline All districts of PDMA Every six month DDMA Province
to protect Streams, available province Irrigation Natural
rivers banks and its department Hazard
ood plain areas Mapping
from encroachments Report
Strategy Actions Indicators Baseline Target Data Source Frequency Responsibility Reporting
#2
Develop a Provincial Media strategy There is media Develop a PDMA Media Once Information Media
Media Strategy on on DRR strategy for comprehensive Houses department Strategy
DRR DRR media strategy Information
to address the department
DRR challenges
Public Awareness And Media Contribution
in Baloshistan
Conduct special # of training 20% NGOS 50 organizations NGOs Volunteer Quarterly P&D PDMA Activity
emergency handling organized # of and Volunteer will participate in organizations Reports
situation training NGOs and organization emergency PDMA
programs for NGOs Volunteer currently trainings
and volunteer participated involve in
organizations in trainings DRR trainings
Conduct special # of awareness No speci c Awareness session NGOs, INGOs Quarterly P&D PDMA Activity
awareness session data available will be organized Volunteer eports
campaigns for organized in in this regard in 25 most organizations
different segments different disaster PDMA
of society and communities vulnerable
particularly for those related to DRR districts of
communities living and Climate Balochistan
in vulnerable areas, change
through radio, TV,
print media and
participatory
workshops
Strategy Actions Indicators Baseline Target Data Source Frequency Responsibility Reporting
#3
Improvement in # of districts Data is not All districts of PAK MET Every SIX PDMA Early warning
Strengthening the Early
Energy and climate change mitigation Intriguingly, Balochistan produces suf cient power to meet the demand of
The mineral rich province of Balochistan contains more than Balochistan the whole province. However, most of the electricity goes to the national
contains around 33% of natural gas, 9% coal, 2% probable oil reserves and grid. Over 2,200 MW of electricity is generated in Balochistan but the region
40% of primary energy production of Pakistan. Ironically, 80% of the energy gets only 400 MW.
demand of Balochistan is met by the use of biomass energy- rewood and
dung cakes. While the majority of the natural gas comes from Balochistan, Balochistan geographic location instills a considerable potential for
there is a limited supply of piped natural gas and liquid petroleum gas to producing renewable energy, e.g. wind. According to AEDB Balochistan
most of the areas of the province. About less than half of the villages in coastal belt- Gwadar and Makran hold potential sites for development,
Balochistan have electricity and they suffer from frequent interruptions in installation and commissioning of wind farm projects. The Lasbella District
service. According to the data available, total electricity demand of of Balochistan Province also has good power generation seasons (5 meters
Balochistan is about 1650 megawatt (MW). However, the electric grid per second in winter and 8 meters per second in the summer). There is a
network transmission capacity is about 650 MW. Due to theft, line losses, need for dissemination of knowledge and technology, especially in villages
diversion of power and indisputable governance of other provinces on the of Balochistan like Lasbella, which are deprived of the primary amenities of
Ministry of Power and Water, Balochistan does not get the required amount life including electricity.
of energy.
Implementation Framework
Strategy 1: Strengthening of relevant institutions, policies, rules and regulations, nancial mechanisms, innovative and accessible resources for
energy ef ciency
Build capacity to 32 districts High and short EIA, private govt. Environment dept., 6 month to 25
examine IEE and EIA term resources, EIA, development dept., 1 year
reports (to be carried evaluation of govt. agriculture dept.,
out before EPA PND
commencement of any
energy project) in the
relevant institution
Actions Target Priority Potential/ Implementation Indicative Estimated
Sources of Institutions Timeline Budget
Financing Partners (USD-Million)
Skill development Balochistan High/short term Govt., donor Energy Department Rolling basis 5 million/year
through hands on government agencies, GIZ, WB, of Balochistan,
training, refresher institutions GCF, UNDP. WAPDA, Private
courses, staff exchange Power Infrastructure
programs, and Board, TEVTA and
coordination with local line departments
and foreign academia and academia
and technical
institutions
Introduce 5 districts each High/Medium WB, ADB, QESCO, Energy Department, 6 20
disaggregated grass year Govt. Ministry of Water
root level renewable and Power
energy based power
transmission systems
Extend adequate 5 districts each High/long term WB, ADB, QESCO, QESCO, Govt., 5-10 years 50
transmission lines to year Govt., NTDC NTDC
meet electricity
demands
Strategy 2: Research and development for clean energy technology and tap provincial resources for renewable resources and technologies such
as bio-fuel, solar, wind, geothermal energy
Prepare Baseline primary Baseline prepared High/short ADB, World Bank, Balochistan 3 Years 50
data on solar, wind, that identi es term Government Budget Department of
biogas and hydrogen potential projects Energy, AEDB
and geo thermal energy
potential
Encourage and build Communities in 15 High/medium ADB, World AEDB, Energy 3 Years 50
capacity for community districts capacitated term Bank, UNDP Department, NGOs
driven solar and wind
energy plants to provide
affordable electricity to
communities living in
the forest zone
Actions Target Priority Potential/Sources Implementation Indicative Estimated
of Financing Institutions Partners Timeline Budget (USD-Million)
MRV Framework
Actions Indicators Baseline Target Means of Frequency Responsibility Reporting
(What is (What is Veri cation (How often (Who will (Where will it
the current the target (How will it be will it be measurer?) be reported?)
value?) value?) measured?) measured?)
Build capacity to examine IEE Build capacity, No. 10% 20% Reports, data 6 months Environment Annual Report
and EIA reports (to be carried
out before commencement of of district survey. depts., donors
any energy project) in the
relevant institution Skill QESCO role out 0% 10-20% Connection yearly QUESO annually
development through hands on plan for net metering, data, reports
training, refresher courses, staff
exchange programs, and
energy board
coordination with local and
foreign academia and technical
Established no. 5% 10% Reports, QESCO, Yearly Up to 1 to 32 KV, Annually
institutions Introduce of grids data, NTDC QESCO, NTDC
disaggregated grass root level
renewable energy based power Transmission 1% 5% Security force, 6 months Home dept. annually
transmission systems Extend
adequate transmission lines to
lines developed post data. GOB, FC force,
meet electricity demands Data collected 5% 15% Data bank Monthly basis Levies force
Concerned Monthly basis.
Prepare Baseline primary data
on solar, wind, biogas and against objectives depts.
hydrogen and geo thermal
energy potential Encourage Number of No data Conversion to Regular 6 months Concerned dept., End of the
and build capacity for
community driven solar and
households using available renewable monitoring civil societies, third project
wind energy plants to provide renewable energy sources reports party evaluation.
affordable electricity to
communities living in the forest Number of No data Energy saving Monitoring 6 months Third party Bi annually
zone Disseminate fuel ef cient available at household reports
cookers and energy saving
households using evaluation, AEDB
devices energy saving level
devices
ENVIRONMENT AND COASTAL AREAS
Climate change impacts on environment and coastal areas The coastal districts of Balochistan are natural resource based economies,
Only about 3% of the land in Balochistan is classi ed as state forest, and a where the majority of people are dependent on marine sheries. The 800 km
major part of this land (around 70%) is under grasses and shrubs. While there long coastline is also at risk from coastal erosion and sea intrusion,
is legislation to protect the areas against exploitation, it is weak and does not particularly on Dam Bander, Pasni, Sub Bander, Pashukan and Jiwani,
take suf ciently into account emerging threats such as climate change, i.e. intruding on farming land. The coastal belt is also facing an increased
temperatures, precipitation changes, and extreme events. Balochistan's number of above average intense cyclones, such as Cyclone Gonu (2006),
rangeland degradation is a major issue, that causes environmental Yemyin (2007) and Phet(2010). At the same time, changes in sea surface
problems, ecosystem instability, threats to oral and faunal biodiversity, temperatures as well as environmental degradation and over shing have
adaptive changes in traditional pastoral livelihood patterns and increased impacted marine ecology in the area.
vulnerability of poor pastoral communities (Ahmad and Islam 2011, Ahmad
et al. 2012). The coastal mangrove forests of Balochistan are also an
important resource, increasingly threated by deforestation and climate
impacts.
Implementation Framework
Objective: Sustainably manage forests, combat deserti cation, halt deforestation and reverse land and forest degradation and biodiversity loss
Process, approve and All districts High /Medium Federal Government, Forest, EPA, PMD PHE, 3-5 years. 1
implement the draft term Provincial forest academia, P and DD
National Forest Policy departments
and carry out intensive
institutional and legal
reforms both at the
federal and provincial
levels to promote good
forest ecosystem
management
Policy implementation All districts High/Long Provincial Forest, cabinet, law continuous 17
including effective Term Government, dept., district academia,
implementation of International institutions
legislation, Human Donors
Resource Development
and GIS Research labs
Effective use of authority.
Set biodiversity All Districts High/Short WWF, province WWF, province G, 1-3 years 2
indivators and tap Term G, donor agencies donor agencies
nancial resources for
implementation of the
Biodiversity Action Plan
(BAP)
Empirical research on Coastal Districts High/short As above As above 2-4 years 2
ora and fauna in the and districts with term
context of their signi cant
responses to current wetlands/forest
and historical climate cover/parks
change and ecosystem
conservation
Strategy: Reduce Marine Pollution and sustainably use marine resources, including through sustainable management of sheries, aquaculture
and tourism
Prepare and implement Coastal Districts of High/Long Donor Agencies, Balochistan Coastal 5-10 years 2
integrated coastal zone Balochistan term WWF Development
management plans for Authority, EPA, EPD,
Government of
protection of marine life Balochistan
Increase area under Coastal districts of High/long As above As above 5-10 years 10
mangrove, protection Balochistan term
conversion of coastal
areas into residential
and industrial uses to
strengthen resilience
of the coastal zone,
and take action for
their restoration in
order to achieve healthy
and productive oceans
MRV Framework
Actions Indicators Baseline Target Means of Frequency Responsibility Reporting
(What is (What is Veri cation (How often (Who will (Where will it
the current the target (How will it be will it be measurer?) be reported?)
value?) value?) measured?) measured?)
Process, approve and Forest Policy with Draft policy Policy and Policy Quarterly Forest Department, Annual Reports
implement the draft
National Forest Policy and implementation implementation document Ministry of Climate of the relevant
carry out intensive framework and framework Change ministry
institutional and legal capacity building developed
reforms both at the federal
and provincial levels to plan for provincial
promote good forest level
ecosystem management
Implementation No data All districts of Capacity Quarterly Forest, agriculture, Departmental
Policy implementation framework for policy Balochistan building sessions livestock. reports
including effective at provincial level and plans,
implementation of
legislation, Human Resource
developed and GIS Establishment
Development and GIS labs established of GIS centres,
Research labs records of
Set biodiversity indicators
legislation
and tap nancial resources Data base, facilities, 0 100% Graphical map, Quarterly Forest, met Annual Report
for implementation of the
Biodiversity Action Plan
future predictions. data base, experts for Forest
(BAP) Empirical research on vegetation Department
ora and fauna in the context indices
of their responses to current
and historical climate change Evidence of climate Limited At least 10 Research Quarterly Academia, Departmental
and ecosystem conservation empirical biodiversity rich papers Forest reports at local
impacts on
Prepare and implement
integrated coastal zone biodiversity research districts covered Department, level
management plans for Third Party
protection of marine life
Increase area under Policy developed Limited plans Plans for each Plans Quarterly Third Party, Departmental
mangrove, protection coastal zone developed Coasl Dev reports
conversion of coastal areas
into residential and industrial
Authority
uses to strengthen resilience
of the coastal zone, and take
Percentage of land Limited data Increase in Records Quarterly Coastal Dev Departmental
action area under the percentage of showing land Authority. EPA Reports
for their restoration in order coastal zone land under under coastal
to achieve healthy and
including mangrove coastal department
productive oceans
area and restoration of protection
degraded land
HEALTH
While there are health facilities available, data suggests that satisfaction with
the health services particularly in the public sector is low. In Balochistan, 60%
of BHUs are without electricity, more than 70% do not have running water
and more than 90% do not have public toilets3. Not only does this seriously
impede the ability to address day to day health concerns, but also has
implications for the inability to handle epidemics and large scale disasters
and relief efforts.
3
Nishtar S. Health Indicators of Pakistan Gateway Paper II. Islamabad, Pakistan: Heart le; 2007.
Implementation Framework
Strategy 1: Draft, prioritize and implement district wise health, heat and disaster management plans which help to reduce risk to human health
from climate induced disaster and disease.
Risk Assessment District wise High/Short- WHO, Global fund, Health department Public health 3 months 1 million p/
data base. term Health department, Balochistan. department, district.
CSO's. Academia, think
tanks.
Devise health Health speci c High/medium WHO, Global fund, Health department WHO, Civil Society 3 months 2 million.
management action framework. term Health department, Balochistan, Public organizations,
plan CSOS. Health specialist. Ministry of health,
private practitioners.
Relevant Legislative Reduction in High/long WHO, Global fund, Advocacy groups, WHO, Civil 1 year 2 million.
Changes factors that term Health department, CSO's, Environmental Society organizations,
cause health CSOS. lawyers, provincial Ministry of health,
risks. govt. private practitioners.
*Priority : ranking (high, medium and low) and (short-term, medium-term and long term)
Strategy 2: Conduct needs assessment of the health sector, identifying infrastructure, human resource and nancial human resource required by
sub urban and rural health facilities to equip them to handle climate induced disease and disaster.
Assessment of health Capacity High/Short- International Health of cials, Health of cials, 6 months 0.2 Million / p
infrastructure and assessment term organization, think tanks, think tanks, district.
human capital. of the health dept. academia. academia.
infrastructure
and Human
capital in Health
Strategy 3: Take measures to reduce waterborne diseases and insure access to safe clean drinking water
Conduct assessments Impact High Health, Balochistan Health Department Health, 1 Year 50 Million
on the impacts of Assessment Saaf Pani Company CSOs, INGOs
climate change on Report of Department, P&D Health
vector/waterborne multiple Department,
and nutritional domains National and
diseases. international Donors
Actions Outcomes Priority Potential/ Lead Partner Indicative Estimated
Sources of Implementation Institutions Timeline Budget
Financing Institutions (USD-Million)
Use media and civil Reduction water High Health, Balochistan Balochistan Saaf Health, 2 Years 20 Million
society organizations borne diseases. Saaf Pani Company Paani Company CSOs, INGOs
to educate and Department, P&D Information and Health
sensitize public as Department, Culture
well as health National and
personal to the international
climate change Donors
related health issues
particularly
Strategy 4: Educating and sensitizing health personnel and the public about climate change related health issues.
Design Public High Health, Health Department Health, P&D 2 years 20 Million
communication Awareness and P&D Department, Department,
strategies to inform capacity building National and National and
the general public regarding Heath international international
of climate change and Climate Donors Donors
related health change
hazard and its
geographical span,
particularly, alerting
health personnel in
the vicinity.
MRV Framework
Strategy Actions Indicators Baseline Target Data Source Frequency Responsibility Reporting
#1
Risk assessment Public health data There is no 36 districts General Annual Health Annual health
which help to reduce risk to human health from
base/ data of climate change populations, department risk
health, heat and disaster management plans
Devise health END epidemic/ No disaster Substantially District wise Plan Health Health
disaster climate change management reduce the disease reviewed department. disaster
management disease, expand/ plan available number of incidence every year. management
action plan. build capacity for health. death due to report. report.
60-70 % health climate change
service providers. and disaster.
Relevant legislative Number of Environmental Reduction of PA Continuous Law makers, Passage of
changes regarding legislative changes laws carbon emission review CSO, Academia law.
health. for health. and other
factors resulting
environmental
degradation.
Strategy Actions Indicators Baseline Target Data Source Frequency Responsibility Reporting
#2
Assessment of health # of Health and h All Balochistan District Health Quarterly Health District Health
nancial human resource required by sub urban
Conduct needs assessment of the health sector,
identifying infrastructure, human resource and
the vicinity.
AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK
Climate change impacts on food security, agriculture and years out of 10 years. In this high risk environment agricultural inputs are
livestock minimal.
Agriculture and Livestock is the dominant employment sector in
In the arid uplands of Balochistan, environmental stresses are the main yield
Balochistan's economy. It contributes to 52% of the entire provincial GDP
limiting factors in crop production. Major stresses are cold and drought in
and employs approximately 67% of the total labour force. Other sectors that
winter and the combined effects of drought and heat and a short growing
contribute to the provincial GDP are services, construction and transport
season during spring (PARC 2014).
sector at 33%, industry at 10% and 5% contribution by minerals and mining
industry (Government of Balochistan 2010). Limited precipitation and availability of surface water drastically restricted
the cultivated area to around 2.1 million ha during 2000 01; this is around 6%
Changing climatic conditions and its associated negative impacts thus, have
of the province's geographical area. About 47% of the cultivated area is
far-reaching negative effects on not only the agriculture and livestock sector
irrigated, while the remaining 53% is under Sailaba ( oodwater) and
of Balochistan but the overall food security of the country owing to reduced
Khushkhaba (rainfall and localized runoff) farming systems as described
crop yields, adverse effects on livestock health, productivity and
above. Although irrigated crop production plays a dominant role in the
reproduction, as well as from losses due to water scarcity and extreme
agricultural economy of Balochistan, Sailaba and Khushkhaba farming
weather events.
systems contribute to the livelihoods of a sizable majority of the population,
The climate of upland Balochistan is continental semi- arid Mediterranean, regarded as the poorest of the poor. These two farming systems are
with annual precipitation varying from 200 to 350 mm and a variable dependent on precipitation and runoff; their performance therefore
proportion of this total fall as moisture of snow and rain in the mid-winter uctuates drastically with variations in precipitations and runoff. Without
period or as intense showers in summer. Cereal crops in particular wheat are runoff, economical harvests are not possible due to low precipitation.
grown by most dryland farmers as dual purpose crop, with the grain is used
The agro-ecological diversity of Balochistan permits cultivation of a wide
for human consumption and the straw as animal feed. In Balochistan two
range of eld crops and horticulture. Although the province is a net importer
types of dryland systems are prevailing:
of wheat, traditional cereal production (wheat, rice, barley, sorghum and
i. Khushkaba: It is a type of farming in which only localized (with in millet) has remained important to its economy, covering 70% of the cropped
eld) run off is generated and crop suffer moderate to severe moisture stress area and contributing 50% to the gross value of crops. Besides, cereals serve
during crop cycle. as an important source of fodder for livestock. The high altitude arid
environments provide ideal conditions for the production of deciduous
ii. Sailaba: It is a type of farming in which water is harvested through fruits. Balochistan's share of deciduous fruits (apples, plums, pears, apricots,
temporary streams, and crops complete its life cycle on the stored moisture. peaches and pomegranates) and non-deciduous fruits (dates) ranges from
35 to 85% of Pakistan's production. In the case of grapes, almonds and
Yield expectations are low, ranging from only 100 to 800 kg/ha in Khushkaba cumin, the province has a near monopoly in the country.
and 1000 to 1500 kg/ha in sailaba farming. Farmers expect cultivation 3-5
Irrigated agriculture is dependent on both surface water and groundwater Livestock production is one of the major sources of income for around 70% of
resources. Around 30% of ood water is harnessed for agriculture through the rural population. About 92% of the geographical area of the province is
Sailaba diversions, storage dams and minor-perennial irrigation schemes. rangelands, which provide grazing to around 20 million small ruminants
The groundwater resource is available for irrigated agriculture through (sheep and goats). Large proportions of livestock owners are transhumant
karezes, springs and wells. With increased availability of electricity from the (45%), who commute between winter and summer quarters to adjust to
national grid, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of tube seasonal feed requirements, and nomadic (50%), who constantly move
wells. Indiscriminate installation of tube wells and pumping of water in between highlands and plains and sometimes cross international borders.
excess of recharge have caused the water table to lower resulting in the The stock owners are entirely dependent on livestock for their livelihoods,
drying out of dug-wells and a number of karezes and springs. Ground water trading livestock and livestock products (ICARDA 2010).
mining and lowering of the water table are therefore causing serious concern
regarding the sustainability of groundwater-irrigated agriculture (ICARDA
2010).
Implementation Framework
Strategy 1: Adopt sustainable agriculture practices, technologies for sustainable production systems and to meet food security
Focus on improving water 25 UC High/Short- UN, World Bank PAD, agriculture dept. 3 years 20
use ef ciency for irrigation term
through using sprinkler
and trickle irrigation etc
Introduce training programs Whole province High/Short- IFAD, WFP PAD, agriculture dept. 3 years 10
for exposing farmers to term PP
international successful
farming practices
Formulate Balochistan Food Policy for all High/medium FAO Govt. of Baluchistan, 2 years 1
Security Policy followed by districts term donors
strategic action plan
Encourage agro forestry, All districts medium IFAD, WFP, FAO P and D department, 3 years 10
oriculture and social Forestry Department,
forestry Agriculture Department
Encourage access to export 60% High/long Private sector Seed sector, research 5-10 years 10
markets by facilitating term extensions, P& D,
packaging and eco labeling donors, Export
of agriculture products regulatory authorities
Actions Target Priority Potential/ Implementing Indicative Estimated
Sources of Institutions/ Timeline Budget
Financing Partners (USD-Million)
Strategy: Reduce food loss and waste and ensure quality nutrition
Enhancing capacity building 30% High PT, donors PPD, Agriculture 3 years 4
of PPD. Departments
Environment friendly 5-10% High Pro, F, donors Irrigation and 5 years 7
pesticides. agriculture
departments
Legislation on food Legislation Medium Donors Agriculture, irrigation, 3 years 1
standards passed PHE departments
Increase and ensure protection and preservation of prime agricultural land and combat deserti cation and drought
Develop Balochistan Land Policy covering High/Short IFAD, FAO, Other EPA Balochistan, 1 years 2
Use Policies to protect land all districts Term donors Forestry Department,
use planning and zoning of Agriculture Departments
agricultural land
Employ Environmentally sound Area speci c High/short As above As above 5-10 years 2
multi cropping and crop term
management practices from
traditional to high value
economic crops
Control soil problems such as 10 districts High/medium As above As above 3-5 years 10
water logging, salinity, sodicity term
and soil structure
eterorioration
Develop capacity of institutions Relevant High/long term As above As above 5-10 years 25
on remote sensing and GIS institutions in
techniques to assess temporal all districts
changes in land cover of
different agro ecological zones
MRV Framework
Actions Indicators Baseline Target Means of Frequency Responsibility Reporting
(What is (What is Veri cation (How often (Who will (Where will it
the current the target (How will it be will it be measurer?) be reported?)
value?) value?) measured?) measured?)
Focus on improving Number of Current area +-20% Reports /data, Annually Agriculture Agriculture
water use ef ciency for landholders with (unknown) pictures Department, water statistics books.
irrigation through using improved water department, PHED
sprinkler and trickle
ef ciency department,
irrigation etcIntroduce
irrigation
training programs for
exposing farmers to departments
international successful Farmers with <1% +- 5% Field survey Quarterly As above Agriculture
farming practices improved cropping pictures/numeric statistics books.
Formulate Balochistan patterns data.
Food Security Policy
followed by strategic Food security plans None Policy Policy Quarterly Ministry of Food Food security
action plan in place developed for Security, EPA, policy
all districts Agriculture
departments,
irrigation
departments
Encourage agro forestry,
oriculture and social Area under 50-60% acres 100 area Survey area data Bi-annually CRS Annual report
forestry Encourage cultivation yield distribution
access to export and water table.
markets by facilitating
Export of 15-20% 60% Export data Quarterly CRS Annual report
packaging and eco
labeling of agriculture sustainable produce
products
Trained staff No baseline At least 60% Attendance Bi annually Agriculture, Annual report
Enhancing capacity of staff trained
available sheets, training irrigation and
building of PPD.
reports, evaluations PPD departments
Environment friendly Agric. Bank Uptake Unknown 50% farmers Third part Monthly Agric. bank and Annual report
pesticides. Data Fertilizer evaluation agric. Dept.
company >2%
Legislation on food
standards Legislation passed No data Legislation Reports from Quarterly Agriculture Annual report
on food standards passed legislative department,
sessions irrigation
departments
Develop Balochistan Zoning of land Data not Zoning carried Zoning maps Quarterly EPA, Forest Annual report
Land Use Policies to carried out available out for all land Department
protect land use
planning and zoning of
agricultural land
Number of farmers Limited data 40% increase Reports from Quarterly Agriculture, Agriculture
Employ Environmentally converting to high agriculture irrigation statistics
sound multi cropping value crops departments departments reports
and crop management
practices from
traditional to high value
economic crops
Control soil problems Quality of soil Limited data ( Improvement Reports from Quarterly As above As above
such as water logging, district level) in soil quality departments
salinity, sodicity and soil
in target districts
structure
deterorioration
Develop capacity of Uptake of GIS Limited data Increased use GIS data reports, Quarterly As above As above
institutions on remote techniques in of GIS in relevant training reports
sensing and GIS institutions departments
techniques to assess across districts
temporal changes in
land cover of different
agro ecological zones