Practice Test 6

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

For those unfamiliar with Native American popular One of the greatest minds of the century ________ a ray

music, in which contemporary Western music styles of light on this gloomy picture by tracing the origin of

such as pop, rock, and hip-hop are often mixed with woman’s slavery to the same principle of selfishness

traditional Native American techniques, a Native and love of power in man that has thus far dominated

American reservation might seem ____________ to find all weaker nations and classes. The slavish instinct of

the roots of a hip-hop artist. But for Native American an oppressed class has led it to toil patiently through

rapper Christian Parrish Takes the Gun, better known the ages, giving all and asking little, cheerfully sharing

by his stage name Supaman, hip-hop is a natural with man all perils and privations by land and sea, that

language for his experiences. husband and sons might attain honor and success.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Justice and freedom for herself is her latest and highest

the conventions of Standard English? demand.

A) like an unusual place Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

B) like unusual places the conventions of Standard English?

C) as unusual places A) thrown

D) as an unusual place B) throwing

C) has thrown

D) being thrown

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__________ full time in management, business, and
financial operations jobs had median weekly earnings
of $977 in 2011, which is more than women earned in
any other major occupational category. Within
management, business, and financial operations
occupations, women who were chief executives and
computer and information systems managers had the
highest median weekly earnings ($1,464 and $1,543,
respectively). The second highest paying job group for
women was professional and related occupations, in
which their median weekly earnings were $919.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
A) Women working
B) Women worked
C) Women have worked
D) Women, those working
The most common acupuncture treatment is ______
inserting and manipulating thin, solid needles at
specific points along the skin. Other treatment
methods, often used in conjunction with needling,
include prescription of herbs or herb mixtures;
acupressure, which involves massaging instead of
needling acupuncture points; and recommendations
for lifestyle changes, such as dietary modifications and
exercise.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
Nowhere else is ice and snow in all its forms - sea ice,
glaciers, permafrost, river and lake ice - as widespread
and diverse as in the Arctic, Alaska is an ideal
laboratory for studying these ice forms. It is from
individual ice crystals under a microscope to the
millions of square kilometers of sea ice as seen by a
satellite. The solution of practical problems associated
with avalanches, building roads and houses on
permafrost, extracting petroleum from ice-covered
waters, and numerous others, _________ fundamental
research that can be conducted in the Alaska setting.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
A) depending on
B) depend on
C) depends on
D) depended on
In 1998, a group of researchers set out to study the
elephant populations of the Samburu and Buffalo
Springs National Reserves, both located in Kenya. This
project was motivated in part by the same concern that
informs other large animal fieldwork that has been
performed in Africa - the fear that majestic mammals
such as lions, gorillas, and elephants are increasingly
______ by human poaching and development. Indeed,
over the course of sixteen years of fieldwork, the
elephant research team found yet more reasons to
protect the elephants.
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 A) needling strategically Which choice completes the text with the most logical

B) needling: strategically and precise word or phrase?

C) needling; strategically A) scared

D) needling. Strategically B) vilified

C) subverted

D) endangered

American writer Edwidge Danticat, who emigrated One poll taken after the first 1960 presidential debate

from Haiti in 1981, has won acclaim for her powerful suggested that John Kennedy lost badly: only 21

short stories, novels, and ______ her lyrical yet percent of those who listened on the radio rated him

unflinching depictions of her native country’s turbulent the winner. ______ the debate was ultimately considered

history, writer Robert Antoni has compared Danticat to a victory for the telegenic young senator, who rated

Nobel Prize–winning novelist Toni Morrison. higher than his opponent, Vice President Richard

Nixon, among those watching on the new medium of

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to television.

the conventions of Standard English?

A) essays, praising Which choice completes the text with the most logical

B) essays and praising transition?

C) essays praising A) In other words,

D) essays. Praising B) Therefore,

C) Likewise,

D) Nevertheless,

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments they had found in the ruins of Quanhucun, a Chinese

farming village.

● The fragments were estimated to be 5,300 years old.

● A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that the cats had consumed large amounts of grain.

● The grain consumption is evidence that the Quanhucun cats may have been domesticated.

The student wants to present the Quanhucun study and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively uses

relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

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 A) As part of a 2013 study of cat domestication, a chemical analysis was conducted on cat bone fragments

found in Quanhucun, China.

B) A 2013 analysis of cat bone fragments found in Quanhucun, China, suggests that cats there may have

been domesticated 5,300 years ago.

C) In 2013, archaeologists studied what cats in Quanhucun, China, had eaten more than 5,000 years ago.

D) Cat bone fragments estimated to be 5,300 years old were found in Quanhucun, China, in 2013.

In his 1925 book The Morphology of Landscape, US To survive when water is scarce, embryos inside African

geographer Carl Sauer challenged prevailing views turquoise killifish eggs ______ a dormant state known as

about how natural landscapes influence human diapause. In this state, embryonic development is

cultures. ______ Sauer argued that instead of being paused for as long as two years—longer than the

shaped entirely by their natural surroundings, cultures lifespan of an adult killifish.

play an active role in their own development by virtue

of their interactions with the environment. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English?

Which choice completes the text with the most logical A) enter

transition? B) to enter

A) Similarly, C) having entered

B) Finally, D) entering

C) Therefore,

D) Specifically,

The home page of one leading crowdfunding site Crowdfunding is a popular way to raise money using

features a project to manufacture pinhole cameras on the Internet. The process sounds simple: an artist,

a 3‑D printer. The idea is obviously very attractive: an entrepreneur, or other innovator takes his or her ideas

obscure method of photography may be made straight to the public via a crowdfunding website. The

available to many at little expense. Within weeks, the innovator creates a video about the project and offers,

project was 621 percent funded. In contrast, on the in exchange for donations, a series of “perks,” from

same page, a small Brooklyn performance venue is acknowledgment on a social media site to a small piece

attempting to raise money for its current season. The of art. Many crowdfunding programs are all-or-nothing;

venue features works of performance art showcased in in other words, the innovator must garner 100 percent

a storefront window. Those who have seen the space funding for the project or the money is refunded to the

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consider it vital. _______, that group may not be large donors. At ________ best, the system can give creators

enough; with just fourteen days to go in the direct access to millions of potential backers.

fund-raising period, the campaign is only 46 percent

funded. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English?

Which choice completes the text with the most logical A) It’s

transition? B) its

A) However, C) its’

B) Therefore, D) their

C) In effect,

D) As a rule,

What was less well-known, until recently at least, was Because CT scanners can map objects that are

how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, impossible to excavate, CT scanning and 3-D printing

and kelp forests might help fight global warming. The can also be used to reproduce fossils that scientists

amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has cannot observe firsthand. ______, researchers from the

increased 40 percent. A recent study by two professors National Museum of Brazil relied on this technique to

at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris study a fossilized skeleton that was discovered

Wilmers and James Estes, suggests that kelp forests protruding from a rock at an old São Paulo railroad site.

protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve

times the amount of carbon dioxide from the Which choice completes the text with the most logical

atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to transition?

_____ the kelp. Like its terrestrial plant cousins, kelp A) By contrast,

removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning B) Nonetheless,

it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases C) Besides,

oxygen back into the air. D) For example,

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

and precise word or phrase?

A) devour

B) dispatch

C) overindulge on

D) dispose of

5
Luckily, the tower survived, and its tilt has made it an The work that dictionary founder Frederic G. Cassidy

Italian icon, attracting visitors from all over who flock to had expected to be finished by 1976

Pisa to see one of the greatest architectural __________ was not, in fact, completed in his lifetime. The wait did

in the world. Unfortunately, the tower’s tilt has steadily not dampen enthusiasm among _________ consider the

increased over the centuries, placing the structure in work a signal achievement in linguistics.

danger of collapse. By the late twentieth century, the

angle of the tower’s tilt had reached an astonishing 5.5 Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

degrees; in 1990, Italy’s government closed the tower the conventions of Standard English?

to visitors and appointed a committee to find a way to A) scholars. Scholars

save it. B) scholars, and these scholars

C) scholars, but scholars

Which choice completes the text with the most logical D) scholars, who

and precise word or phrase?

A) weirdnesses

B) deviations

C) oddities

D) abnormalities

A 2017 study of sign language learners tested the role Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories about detective Sherlock

of iconicity—the similarity of a sign to the thing it Holmes were published between 1887 and 1927. They

represents—in language acquisition. The study found have inspired countless successful adaptations,

that the greater the iconicity of a sign, the more likely it including comic strips, movies, and a television series

was to have been learned. ______ the correlation Sherlock Hound, directed by Hayao Miyazaki, who is

between acquisition and iconicity was lower than that celebrated for his animated movies. Until 2014, these

between acquisition and another factor studied: sign stories were copyrighted. The right to adapt was only

frequency. available to those who could afford the copyright fee

and gain approval from the strict copyright holders of

Which choice completes the text with the most logical Doyle’s estate. Some journalists predict that the

transition? number of Sherlock Holmes adaptations is likely to

A) In fact, increase since the end of copyright means that ______

B) In other words,

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 C) Granted,
D) As a result,
This text is adapted from Kevin Carey, “Here’s What Will
Truly Change Higher Education: Online Degrees That
Are Seen as Official.” 2015 by The New York Times.
Three years ago, technology was going to transform
higher education. What happened? Over the course of
a few months in early 2012, leading scientists from
Harvard, Stanford, and M.I.T. started three companies
to provide Massive Open Online Courses, or MOOCs, to
anyone in the world with an Internet connection. The
courses were free. Millions of students signed up.
Pundits called it a revolution.
Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined portion in the text as a whole
A) It introduces a conflict between a prediction
and an outcome
B) It exposes the public’s lack of information
regarding a topic
C) It presents a question that the author never
intends to answer
D) It lessens the credibility of scientists from
prestigious universities
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) producing adaptations will become easier and
less expensive.
B) people will become more interested in
detective stories than they were in the 1800s.
C) the former copyright holders of Doyle’s estate
will return fees they collected.
D) Doyle’s original stories will become hard to
find.
In 1999, Håkan Olausson and his Gothenburg
University colleagues Åke Vallbo and Johan Wessberg
looked more closely at the characteristics of the slow
fibers. They named these “low-threshold” nerves
“C-tactile,” or CT, fibers, said Olausson, because of their
“exquisite sensitivity” to slow, gentle tactile stimulation,
but unresponsiveness to noxious stimuli like pinpricks.
But why exactly humans might have such fibers, which
respond only to a narrow range of rather subtle stimuli,
was initially mystifying. Unlike other types of sensory
nerves, CT fibers could be found only in hairy human
skin—such as the forearm and thigh. No amount of
gentle stroking of hairless skin, such as the palms and
soles of the feet, prompted similar activity signatures.
Olausson and his colleagues decided that these fibers
must be conveying a different dimension of sensory
information than fast-conducting fibers.
Which choice best states the function of the underlined
sentence?
A) Identify factors that Olausson had previously
failed to consider.
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 B) Propose a solution to a dilemma encountered

by Olausson.

C) Anticipate a potential criticism of Olausson by

the reader.

D) Show a problem from the perspective of

Olausson’s team.

The African Games Co-production Market, one of over In 2015, a team led by materials scientists Anirudha

180 annual international conferences supporting video Sumant and Diana Berman succeeded in reducing the

game development, ______ the growth of the African coefficient of friction (COF) between two surfaces to the

gaming industry by helping start-up studios in Africa lowest possible level—superlubricity. A nearly

find partners. frictionless (and, as its name suggests, extremely

slippery) state, ______

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) promotes the conventions of Standard English?

B) promote A) reaching superlubricity occurs when two

C) are promoting surfaces’ COF drops below 0.01.

D) have promoted B) superlubricity is reached when two surfaces’

COF drops below 0.01.

C) when their COF drops below 0.01, two surfaces

reach superlubricity.

D) two surfaces, when their COF drops below

0.01, reach superlubricity.

This text is adapted from Kate Chopin, “A Respectable

Hedda Gabler is an 1890 play by Henrik Ibsen. As a
Woman.” Originally published in 1894.
woman in the Victorian era, Hedda, the play’s central
Mrs. Baroda was a little provoked to learn that her
character, is unable to freely determine her own future.

Instead, she seeks to influence another person’s fate, husband expected his friend, Gouvernail, up to spend a

week or two on the plantation. They had entertained a

as is evident when she says to another character, ______
good deal during the winter; much of the time had also

been passed in New Orleans in various forms of mild

8
Which quotation from a translation of Hedda Gabler dissipation. She was looking forward to a period of

most effectively illustrates the claim? unbroken rest, now, and undisturbed tete-a-tete with

A) “Then what in heaven’s name would you have her husband, when he informed her that Gouvernail

me do with myself?” was coming up to stay a week or two.

B) “I want for once in my life to have power to

mould a human destiny.” As used in the text, what does the word “provoked”

C) “Then I, poor creature, have no sort of power most nearly mean?

over you?” A) annoyed

D) “Faithful to your principles, now and for ever! B) infuriated

Ah, that is how a man should be!” C) excited

D) scandalized

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● A thermal inversion is a phenomenon where a layer of atmosphere is warmer than the layer beneath it.

● In 2022, a team of researchers studied the presence of thermal inversions in twenty-five gas giants.

● Gas giants are planets largely composed of helium and hydrogen.

● The team found that gas giants featuring a thermal inversion were also likely to contain heat-absorbing

metals.

● One explanation for this relationship is that these metals may reside in a planet’s upper atmosphere,

where their absorbed heat causes an increase in temperature.

The student wants to present the study’s findings to an audience already familiar with thermal inversions. Which

choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Gas giants were likely to contain heat-absorbing metals when they featured a layer of atmosphere

warmer than the layer beneath it, researchers found; this phenomenon is known as a thermal inversion.

B) The team studied thermal inversions in twenty-five gas giants, which are largely composed of helium and

hydrogen.

C) Researchers found that gas giants featuring a thermal inversion were likely to contain heat-absorbing

metals, which may reside in the planets’ upper atmospheres.

D) Heat-absorbing metals may reside in a planet’s upper atmosphere.

9
Gratitude not only increases one’s own happiness but also, if one is a business executive, boosts the productivity

of one’s subordinates. In a University of Pennsylvania experiment, the director of annual giving told one group of

university fundraisers how grateful she was for their work. Another group of fundraisers dis not receive this

speech. During the following week, those who received the director’s speech of gratitude made ____ more

fundraising calls than those in the control group did. It may, in fact, literally pay to be grateful.

Which choice most accurately and effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?

A) 10

B) 40

C) 50

D) 80

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to

any other module in the test.

10
 Reading and Writing
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that increasing In cities across the United States, citizens are

the otter population will not automatically solve the lobbying ______ council members to add traffic lights

problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. at busy intersections. It seems logical: in places that

But they suggest that the presence of otters have high traffic volume, automated lights help

provides a good model of how carbon can be manage traffic flow and make crossing streets safer

sequestered, ________ the atmosphere through the for pedestrians. Cities have a process for deciding

management of animal populations. If ecologists whether to install the traffic lights their citizens

can better understand what kinds of impacts desire: an intersection must have a minimum

animals might have on the environment, Wilmers amount of traffic that makes crossing difficult for

contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win both cars and pedestrians, or a history of accidents.

conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are

protected or enhanced, and carbon gets Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

sequestered.” to the conventions of Standard English?

A) our

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms B) his or her

to the conventions of Standard English? C) one’s

11
 A) or removed; from D) their

B) or removed from,

C) or, removed from,

D) or removed, from

Long viewed by many as the stereotypical useless The first time I visited the Art Institute of Chicago, I

major, philosophy is now being seen by many expected to be impressed by its famous large

students and prospective employers as in fact a very paintings. _______, I couldn’t wait to view painter

useful and practical major, offering students a host Georges Seurat’s, 10-foot-wide A Sunday Afternoon

of transferable skills with relevance to the modern on the Island of La Grande Jatte in its full size. It took

workplace. _____________, philosophy is the study of me by surprise, then, when my favorite exhibit at the

meaning and the values underlying thought and museum was one of its tiniest: the Thorne Miniature

behavior. But more pragmatically, the discipline Rooms.

encourages students to analyze complex material,

question conventional beliefs, and express thoughts Which choice completes the text with the most

in concise manner. logical transition?

A) On one hand,

Which choice completes the text with the most B) For instance,

logical transition? C) However,

A) In broad terms, D) Similarly,

B) For example,

C) In contrast,

D) Nevertheless,

Based on scientific evidence, organic food offers More like a fair than an actual café, the first Repair

neither significant nutritional nor safety benefits for Café took place in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It

consumers. Proponents of organic food, of course, was the brainchild of former journalist Martine

are quick to add that there are numerous other Postma, who wanted to take a practical stand in a

reasons to buy organic __________ a desire to protect throwaway culture. Her goals were _______________

the environment from potentially damaging reduce waste, maintain and perpetuate knowledge

pesticides or a preference for the taste of organically and skills, and strengthen community.

grown foods.

12
Research regarding these issues is less conclusive Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

than the findings regarding nutritional content and to the conventions of Standard English?

pesticide residue safety limits. What is clear, though, A) straightforward, however:

is this: if a consumer's goal is to buy the healthiest B) straightforward, therefore:

and safest food to eat, the increased cost of organic C) straightforward, nonetheless:

food is a waste of money. D) straightforward:

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

to the conventions of Standard English?

A) food, such as,

B) food such as:

C) food such as,

D) food, such as

The technology for recycling textile fibers into new The opposite side contends that the “9-to-5” model is

fabrics _____ currently limited, however. The ultimate obsolete in modern times with our age’s defining

goal of H&M and other environmentally-conscious technology: the Internet. There is very little that one

retailers is to establish a “closed loop” can do at an office that one can’t do in an

manufacturing system, in which 100% of the fibers Internet-connected home or on a smartphone. The

they use to create their clothing can be recycled into important thing, these anti-”9-to-5”ers argue, is that

new clothing. This may seem like a lofty goal, but it work gets ______ gets done within sight of a boss or

is worth pursuing. that it gets done within certain hours. No business,

they argue, can guarantee that its issues can all be

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms resolved within an arbitrarily determined set of

to the conventions of Standard English? hours.

A) are

B) is Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

C) were to the conventions of Standard English?

D) have been A) done—it

B) done, although

C) done while it

D) done, not that it

13
In some cases, plastics are further sorted by the method by which they were manufactured. ______ bottles,

tubs, and trays are typically made from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or HDPE (high density

polyethylene), the two most recovered plastics after the leading type, LDPE. Bottles are produced by a

process called blow-molding, in which the plastic is heated until soft, then blown up, much like a balloon,

while being pushed against a mold. Tubs and trays are usually made by a process called injection molding,

in which the plastic is heated until it can be pushed through nozzles into a mold.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) However,

B) For example,

C) Consequently,

D) Similarly,

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 1851, German American artist Emanuel Leutze painted Washington Crossing the Delaware.

● His huge painting (149 × 255 inches) depicts the first US president crossing a river with soldiers in

the Revolutionary War.

● In 2019, Cree artist Kent Monkman painted mistikôsiwak (Wooden Boat People): Resurgence of the

People.

● Monkman’s huge painting (132 × 264 inches) was inspired by Leutze’s.

● It portrays Indigenous people in a boat rescuing refugees.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two paintings. Which choice most effectively uses

relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Monkman, a Cree artist, finished his painting in 2019; Leutze, a German American artist, completed

his in 1851.

B) Although Monkman’s painting was inspired by Leutze’s, the people and actions the two paintings

portray are very different.

C) Leutze’s and Monkman’s paintings are both huge, measuring 149 × 255 inches and 132 × 264

inches, respectively.

D) Leutze’s painting depicts Revolutionary War soldiers, while Monkman’s depicts Indigenous people

and refugees.

14
Elephants tend to form small groups based on The Olympics can still attract an impressive

familial ties, but these groups interact in valuable audience, including even those with no usual

ways. According to Shifra Goldenberg of Colorado interest in sports, simply by adhering to the near

State University, broader elephant social structures universal principles that the ancient Greeks once

are analogous to human social networks: a small ascribed to the gods who lived, ______ the mountain

group of elephants with a few dominant females is that gives the ceremony its name.

like a ______ that “is one of several that make up our

university department,” while the department itself Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

is only one among many. Goldenberg envisions to the conventions of Standard English?

elephant society as made up of “nested groupings” A) it was supposed on

with “clearly defined tiers.” B) it was supposed, on

C) it was supposed; on

Which choice completes the text with the most D) it was supposed on,

logical and precise word or phrase?

A) family

B) research group

C) researcher

D) society

He that loves a rosy cheek,

Or a coral lip admires,

Or from star-like eyes doth seek

Fuel to maintain his fires;

As old Time makes these decay,

So his flames must waste away.

But a smooth and steadfast mind,

Gentle thoughts and calm desires,

Hearts with equal love combin'd,

Kindle never-dying fires.

Where these are not, I despise

15
Lovely cheeks, or lips, or eyes.

No tears, Celia, now shall win

My resolv'd heart to return;

I have search'd thy soul within,

And find nought, but pride, and scorn;

I have learn'd thy arts, and now

Can disdain as much as thou.

Some power, in my revenge, convey

That love to her I cast away.

Which choice best summarizes the main idea of the text?

A) If you get to know them, you will often find that beautiful people have unpleasant personalities.

B) People who have a calm and gentle disposition are usually physically beautiful.

C) Physical beauty is temporary, but inner qualities can be more permanently attractive.

D) It’s better to dislike beautiful people until they prove that they also have pleasant personalities.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Platinum is a rare and expensive metal.

● It is used as a catalyst for chemical reactions.

● Platinum catalysts typically require a large amount of platinum to be effective.

● Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues created a platinum catalyst that combines platinum with

liquid gallium.

● Their catalyst was highly effective and required only trace amounts of platinum (0.0001% of the

atoms in the mixture).

The student wants to explain an advantage of the new platinum catalyst developed by Jianbo Tang and his

colleagues.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Like other platinum catalysts, the new platinum catalyst requires a particular amount of the metal

to be effective.

B) Platinum is a rare and expensive metal that is used as a catalyst for chemical reactions; however,

platinum catalysts typically require a large amount of platinum to be effective.

16
 C) While still highly effective, the new platinum catalyst requires far less of the rare and expensive

metal than do other platinum catalysts.

D) Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues created a platinum catalyst that combines platinum, a

rare and expensive metal, with liquid gallium.

In discussing Mary Shelley’s 1818 epistolary novel A subseasonal weather forecast attempts to predict

Frankenstein, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs weather conditions three to four weeks in ______ its

the reader’s attention to the character of Margaret predictions are therefore more short-term than

Saville. As Spivak points out, Saville is not the those of the seasonal forecast, which attempts to

protagonist of Shelley’s ______ as the recipient of the predict the weather more than a month in advance.

letters that frame the book’s narrative, she’s the

“occasion” of it. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

to the conventions of Standard English?

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms A) advance and

to the conventions of Standard English? B) advance;

A) novel C) advance,

B) novel, D) advance

C) novel; rather,

D) novel, rather,

As the name suggests, dramaturges originated in In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe,

theater, where they continue to serve a variety of Okonkwo is a leader of Umuofia (a fictional Nigerian

functions: conducting historical research for clan) and takes pride in his culture’s traditions.

directors, compiling character biographies for However, when the arrival of European missionaries

actors, and perhaps most importantly, helping brings changes to Umuofia, the novel asks a central

writers of plays and musicals to hone the works’ question: How ______

stories and characters. Performance scholar Susan

Manning observes that many choreographers, like Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

playwrights and musical theater writers, are to the conventions of Standard English?

concerned with storytelling and characterization. In A) will Umuofia’s traditions be affected?

fact, some choreographers describe the dances they B) Umuofia’s traditions will be affected?

C) Umuofia’s traditions will be affected.

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create as expressions of narrative through D) will Umuofia’s traditions be affected.

movement; it is therefore unsurprising that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) some directors and actors rely too heavily

on dramaturges to complete certain

research tasks.

B) choreographers developing dances with

narrative elements frequently engage

dramaturges to assist in refining those

elements.

C) dramaturges can have a profound impact

on the artistic direction of plays and

musicals.

D) dances by choreographers who incorporate

narrative elements are more accessible to

audiences than dances by choreographers

who do not.

Nan Gao and her team conducted multiple surveys to determine participants’ levels of comfort in a room

where the temperature was regulated by a commercial climate control system. Participants filled out

surveys several times a day to indicate their level of comfort on a scale from −3 (very cold) to +3 (very hot),

with 0 indicating neutral (neither warm nor cool), and to indicate how they would prefer the temperature to

18
be adjusted. The table shows three participants’ responses in one of the surveys. According to the table, all

three participants wanted the room to be cooler, ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

A) and they each reported the same level of comfort.

B) even though each participant’s ratings varied throughout the day.

C) but participant 20 reported feeling significantly colder than the other two participants did.

D) but participant 1 reported feeling warmer than the other two participants did.

After a volcanic eruption spilled lava into North Pacific Ocean waters, a dramatic increase of diatoms (a kind

of phytoplankton) near the surface occurred. Scientists assumed the diatoms were thriving on nutrients

such as phosphate from the lava, but analysis showed these nutrients weren’t present near the surface in

forms diatoms can consume. However, there was an abundance of usable nitrate, a nutrient usually found in

much deeper water and almost never found in lava. Microbial oceanographer Sonya Dyhrman and

colleagues believe that as the lava plunged nearly 300 meters below the surface it dislodged pockets of this

nutrient, releasing it to float upward, given that ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

19
 A) at 5–45 meters below the surface, the average concentration of phosphate was about the same in

the seawater in the lava-affected area as in the seawater outside of the lava-affected area.

B) for both depth ranges measured, the average concentrations of nitrate were substantially higher in

the seawater in the lava-affected area than in the seawater outside of the lava-affected area.

C) for both depth ranges measured in the seawater in the lava-affected area, the average

concentrations of nitrate were substantially higher than the average concentrations of phosphate.

D) in the seawater outside of the lava-affected area, there was little change in the average

concentration of nitrate from 75–125 meters below the surface to 5–45 meters below the surface.

The increased integration of digital technologies “Often Rebuked, Yet Always Back Returning” is an

throughout the process of book creation in the late 1846 poem by Emily Brontë. The poem conveys the

20th and early 21st centuries lowered the costs of speaker’s determination to experience the

book production, but those decreased costs have countryside around her: ______

been most significant in the manufacturing and

distribution process, which occurs after the Which quotation from the poem most effectively

authoring, editing, and design of the book are illustrates the claim?

complete. This suggests that in the late 20th and A) “Often rebuked, yet always back returning /

early 21st centuries, ______ To those first feelings that were born with

me, / And leaving busy chase of wealth and

Which choice most logically completes the text? learning / For idle dreams of things which

A) digital technologies made it easier than it cannot be.”

had been previously for authors to write B) “I’ll walk, but not in old heroic traces, / And

very long works and get them published. not in paths of high morality, / And not

B) customers generally expected the cost of among the half-distinguished faces, / The

books to decline relative to the cost of other clouded forms of long-past history.”

consumer goods. C) “I’ll walk where my own nature would be

C) publishers increased the variety of their leading: / It vexes me to choose another

offerings by printing more unique titles but guide: / Where the grey flocks in ferny glens

also printed fewer copies of each title. are feeding; / Where the wild wind blows on

D) the costs of writing, editing, and designing the mountain side.”

a book were less affected by the D) “To-day, I will seek not the shadowy region; /

Its unsustaining vastness waxes drear; /

20
technologies used than were the costs of And visions rising, legion after legion, /

manufacturing and distributing a book. Bring the unreal world too strangely near.”

21
Ofelia Zepeda’s contributions to the field of Although those who migrated to California in 1849

linguistics are ______: her many accomplishments dreamed of finding gold nuggets in streambeds, the

include working as a linguistics professor and state’s richest deposits were buried deeply in rock,

bilingual poet, authoring the first Tohono O’odham beyond the reach of individual prospectors. ______ by

grammar book, and co-founding the American 1852, many had given up their fortune-hunting

Indian Language Development Institute. dreams and gone to work for one of the large

companies capable of managing California’s

Which choice completes the text with the most complex mining operations.

logical and precise word or phrase?

A) pragmatic Which choice completes the text with the most

B) controversial logical transition?

C) extensive A) Furthermore,

D) universal B) Still,

C) Consequently,

D) Next,

22
“Mrs. Spring Fragrance” is a 1912 short story by Sui Although some invasive species do cause

Sin Far. In the story, Mrs. Spring Fragrance, a tremendous and irreparable damage to their

Chinese immigrant living in Seattle, is traveling in ecosystems, environments are not static; they

California. In letters to her husband and friend, she change, develop, and adapt to transitions, whether

demonstrates her concern for what’s happening at these be natural or manmade. We must learn to be

her home in Seattle while she is away: ______ more discriminating in our eradication of invasive

Which quotation from Mrs. Spring Fragrance’s letters plants from those areas where they have become an

most effectively illustrates the claim? integral part of the greater ecosystem.

A) “My honorable cousin is preparing for the

Fifth Moon Festival, and wishes me to As used in the text, what does the word

compound for the occasion some American “discriminating” most nearly mean?

‘fudge,’ for which delectable sweet, made by A) Biased

my clumsy hands, you have sometimes B) Intolerant

shown a slight prejudice.” C) Tasteful

B) “Next week I accompany Ah Oi to the D) Selective

beauteous town of San José. There will we

be met by the son of the Illustrious Teacher.”

C) “Forget not to care for the cat, the birds,

and the flowers. Do not eat too quickly nor

fan too vigorously now that the weather is

warming.”

D) “I am enjoying a most agreeable visit, and

American friends, as also our own, strive

benevolently for the accomplishment of my

pleasure.”

23
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Muckrakers were journalists who sought to expose corruption in US institutions during the

Progressive Era (1897–1920).

● Ida Tarbell was a muckraker who investigated the Standard Oil Company.

● She interviewed Standard Oil Company executives, oil industry workers, and public officials.

● She examined thousands of pages of the company’s internal communications, including letters and

financial records.

● Her book The History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) exposed the company’s unfair business

practices.

The student wants to emphasize the thoroughness of Ida Tarbell’s investigation of the Standard Oil

Company. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Ida Tarbell not only interviewed Standard Oil executives, oil industry workers, and public officials

but also examined thousands of pages of the company’s internal communications.

B) As part of her investigation of the Standard Oil Company, muckraker Ida Tarbell conducted

interviews.

C) Published in 1904, muckraker Ida Tarbell’s book The History of the Standard Oil Company exposed

the company’s unfair business practices.

D) Ida Tarbell, who investigated the Standard Oil Company, was a muckraker (a journalist who sought

to expose corruption in US institutions during the Progressive Era, 1897–1920).

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

24
Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

25
 For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

26
(𝑥 + 15) − (𝑥 + 4) Line p in the 𝑥𝑦-plane contains the points (5, 0) and

What is the value of the given expression? (5, 5). Which of the following is the equation of line 𝑝?

A) 11 A) 𝑥= 0

B) 19 B) 𝑥= 5

C) 2𝑥 + 11 C) 𝑦 = 0

D) 2𝑥 + 19 D) 𝑦 = 5

Equation A: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 𝑇(ℎ) = 15ℎ

Equation B: 𝑦 =− 2𝑥 + 5 The function 𝑇, defined by the equation shown, gives

When the given system of equations is graphed in the the total amount of money, in dollar, Ellie makes per

𝑥𝑦-plane , which of the following statements is true day at her job, where ℎ is the number of hours Ellie

about the point (1, 3)? works that day. Which of the following is the best

A) The point (1, 3) satisfies only equation A. interpretation of 15 in this context?

B) The point (1, 3) satisfies only equation B. A) The amount, in dollars, Ellie makes per hour

C) The point (1, 3) satisfies both equations in the B) The amount, in dollars, Ellie makes per day

system. C) The number of hours Ellie works per day

D) The point (1, 3) satisfies neither equations in D) The number of days Ellie works per pay period

the system

𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

The solution to the given system of equations is (𝑥, 𝑦).

What is the value of 𝑦?

The graph of the equation 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 = 𝐶, where 𝐶 is a

constant, is shown. What is the value of 𝐶?

A) − 40

27
 B) − 18

C) 18

D) 40

5𝑥 − 2 = 𝑞𝑥 − (𝑥 + 2) The kinetic energy 𝐾, in joules, of an object is given by

In the equation shown, 𝑞 is a constant. If the equation the formula 𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 , where 𝑚 is the mass of the
1 2
2

has infinitely many solutions, what is the value of 𝑞? object, in kilograms, and 𝑣 is the velocity of the object,

A) 7 in meters per second. In the kinetic energy of a specific

B) 6 object can be found by using the formula 𝐾 = 10𝑣 ,

2

C) 5 what is the mass if the object, in kilograms?

D) 4 A) 5

B) 10

C) 20

D) 100

If 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 10, what is the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 5?

6 1
𝑥−2
+ 4 = 𝑥−2

What is the solution to the given equation?

A) − 2

B)
3
− 4

C)
3
4

D) 2

2
10𝑥 + 3 − 5𝑥 + 7 = 35 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0

What value of 𝑥 satisfies the equation above? If one of the solutions of the given equation is ,
−3+ 𝑐
4

where 𝑐 is a constant, what is the value of 𝑐 ?

2 2 −(2+𝑥)
(𝑥 + 5) + (𝑦 + 12) = 49 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4

28
The given equation represents a circle in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. Which of the following equivalent forms of the given

If the circle is translated up 2 units, which of the function displays the 𝑦-coordinate of the 𝑦-intercept of

following is an equation of the resulting circle? its graph in the 𝑥𝑦-plane as a constant?

A) A)
2 2 1 1 𝑥
(𝑥 + 3) + (𝑦 + 12) = 49 𝑓 (𝑥) = 16
(4)

B) B)
2 2 1 (2+𝑥)
(𝑥 + 5) + (𝑦 + 10) = 49 𝑓 (𝑥) = ( 4 )

C) C)
2 2 −2(2+𝑥)
(𝑥 + 5) + (𝑦 + 14) = 49 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2

D) (𝑥 + 7) + (𝑦 + 12) = 49 D) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4
2 2 (−2−𝑥)

𝑎
𝑐 3 𝑉−𝑆
𝑥6 = 𝑥 𝐷= 𝑁

In the equation above, 𝑥 > 1. What is the value of 𝑎𝑐 ? The given equation relates the variable 𝐷, 𝑁, 𝑆, and 𝑉 .

A) 2 Which of the following equations gives 𝑆 in terms of

B) 3 𝐷, 𝑁, and 𝑉 ?

C) 9 A)
𝐷𝑁
𝑆= 𝑉

D) 18 B)
𝐷−𝑁
𝑆= 𝑉

C) 𝑆 = 𝐷𝑁 − 𝑉

D) 𝑆 = 𝑉 − 𝐷𝑁

Energy is being used at a rate of 75 joules per second. What is 50% of 20?

At this rate, how long will it take for 30,000 joules of A) 2

energy to be used? B) 3

A) 0.0025 second C) 10

B) 400 second D) 30

C) 29,925 second

D) 2,250,000 second

5𝑥 + 22𝑦 = 40

Lycopene is a chemical that occurs naturally in some fruits and vegetables. Shreya combined 𝑥 cups of carrot juice

and 𝑦 cups of tomato juice to make a mixture that contained 40 miligrams of lycopene, which is represented by

the given equation. Based on the equation, if the mixture consisted of 2.5 cups of carrot juice, how many cups of

tomato juice did Shreya use to make the mixture?

A) 3.00

29
 B) 1.50

C) 1.25

D) 0.75

The air pressure in Charlize’s scuba tank is 3,442 The volume of rectangular solid X is 200 cubic units.

pounds per square inch. The area of the base of the The length, the width, and the height of rectangular

tank is approximately 40 square inches. Which of the solid Y are 2 times the corresponding dimensions of

following is closest to the force, in pounds, exerted by rectangular solid X. What is the volume, in cubic units,

the air on the base of the tank? (force = pressure x of rectangular solid Y?

area)

A) 85

B) 1,700

C) 69,000

D) 140,000

In the right triangle on the left, the length of segment

𝐴𝐶 is 5. What is the length of segment 𝐴𝐵?

A)
5
3

B)
5
2

C) 5 2

D) 5 3

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

30
Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

31
 For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

32
6𝑥 − 7𝑦 =− 24 A line in the 𝑥𝑦-plane contains the points (𝑎, 8) and

2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 14 (− 𝑎, 2), where 𝑎 is a positive constant. If this line is

The ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) is a solution to the system of defined by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 and 𝑏

equations above. What is the value of

𝑦
? are constants, what is the value of 𝑏?
𝑥

A) − 6 A) 6

B) −
7
B) 5
2

C) −
1
C) 3
2

D) 3 D) −6

The average weight of adult male giraffes is 3,009

pounds. If that weight is 31 pounds less than 20 times

the birth weight of a baby giraffe born at the Virginia

Zoo, what is the weight, in pounds, of the baby giraffe?

The graph in the 𝑥𝑦-plane shown consists of five

segments. According to the graph, if the value of 𝑦 is

twice the value of 𝑥, what is the value of 𝑥?

If 250% of a positive number 𝑛 can be represented as In the equation 𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 1 = 0, 𝑘 is a positive

2

𝑘𝑛, what is the value of 𝑘 ? constant. If the equation has exactly one solution, what

is the value of 𝑘 ?

33
 The data set summarized by the histogram above

The function 𝑓 is graphed in the 𝑥𝑦-plane shown, where contains 100 values. The first bar includes values of

𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥). Which of the following represents the graph more than 10 and at most 20, the second bar includes

of the function 𝑓 translated 2 units to the right? values of more than 20 and at most 30, and so on.

A) Which range of values contains the median value of the

1 𝑥
𝑦 = ( 5
)

B) 𝑦 = (
1 𝑥
5
) − 2 data set?

C) 𝑦 = (
1 𝑥−1
5
) A) More than 30 and at most 40

D) 𝑦 = (
1 𝑥−1
5
) − 2 B) More than 40 and at most 50

C) More than 50 and at most 60

D) More than 60 and at most 70

The table above shows the activity levels that were

Activity level Number of people recorded for a group of 50 people by fitness trackers

over a one-hour period. If one of the 50 people is

High 7
selected at random, what is the probability that the

Moderate 10 person selected has a recorded activity level of high?

(Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a

Low 22
percent.)

Inactive 11

Total 50

34
Which of the following is equivalent to , If 𝑓 is an exponential function and the value of 𝑓 (𝑥)
1 1
2 − 𝑥+1
𝑥 +𝑥

where 𝑥 > 0? doubles each time 𝑥 is increased by 5, which of the

A) −
𝑥−1
2
following could define 𝑓 ?
𝑥 +𝑥
A)
𝑥+5
B)
𝑥+1 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
− 2

B)
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 + 5
C)
𝑥−1
2 𝑥

C)
𝑥 +𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 5
D)
𝑥+1

D) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
2
𝑥 +𝑥 5𝑥

8𝑥 + 𝑎 = 4(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 )

In the given equation, 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. If the

equation has an infinite number of solutions, which of

the following must be true?

A) 𝑏 = 2 and 𝑐 = 4𝑎

B) 𝑏 = 2 and 𝑐 =
𝑎
4

C) 𝑏 = 𝑎 and 𝑐 =
𝑎
4

D) 𝑏 = 𝑎 and 𝑐 = 2

The points in a data set are shown in the scatterplot.

Which of the following quadratic equations best

models the data?

A)
2
𝑦 =− 0. 5𝑥 + 25𝑥 + 15

B)
2
𝑦 =− 0. 5𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 15

C)
2
𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 15

D) 𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥 + 25𝑥 + 15
2

35
 |3𝑥 − 2| =− 5 The function 𝑓 has the property that for each increase
How many solutions does the given equation above of 1 in the value of 𝑥, the value of 𝑓 (𝑥) is halved. If
have? 𝑓 (0) = 2, which of the following defines 𝑓 (𝑥)?
A) Zero A) 𝑓 (𝑥) =− 𝑥 + 2
B) One B) 𝑓 (𝑥) =−
1
𝑥−2
C) Two C) 𝑓 (𝑥) =
1
2 − 𝑥
2
D) Infinitely many D) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2( 2 )
1 𝑥

In the equation (𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑦 + 𝑎) = 1, 𝑎 is a positive constant. Which of the following could be the graph
2 2

of the equation in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

A) B)

C) D)

36
The graphs of the linear function 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4 and the
If cos(A)=0.57, what is the value of sin(C)?
exponential function 𝑦 = (2) are shown in the 𝑥𝑦
1 𝑥

A) 0.19
2

-plane. For which of the following intervals is

B) 0.43
(2 ) ?
1 𝑥
3𝑥 − 4 >
C) 0.57
2

A) 𝑥 <− 4
D) 0.81
B) − 4 < 𝑥< 2

C) 2 < 𝑥< 4

D) 𝑥 > 4

If the graphs in 𝑥𝑦-plane of 𝑦 = and 𝑦 = are

2 −6
15−6𝑥 ℎ(𝑥)

identical for all values of 𝑥 for which the equations are

defined, which of the following represents ℎ(𝑥)?

A) 2𝑥 − 5

B) 6𝑥 − 15

C) − 18𝑥 + 45

D) 18𝑥 − 45
In the figure, points 𝐵 and 𝐷 are the midpoints of 𝐴𝐶

and 𝐶𝐸 , and 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐸 . If 𝑥 = 100 and 𝑦 = 25, what is

the value of 𝑧?

A) 75

B) 100

C) 105

D) 125

37
The box plot shows the maximum ground temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃), each day for 40 solar days on

Mars. Which of the following could be the number of solar days for which the maximum ground temperature on

Mars was at least 9℃?

A) 10

B) 20

C) 25

D) 30

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑐)

The function 𝑓 is defined above where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are positive constants. Which of the following could be the

graph of 𝑓 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

A) B)

C) D)

38
 STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

39