Slide 1 objective

The primary objective of this presentation is to provide guidance and information for caregivers

on the manner in which they can provide care to patients of Jehovah's witness who deny blood

transfusions as a result of their beliefs

At the same time, this paper aims to address concerns and questions linked to such patients

The presentation will show the significance of exploring alternative treatment modalities for

patients who refuse a particular treatment

In addition, the presentation will demonstrate the significance of respecting patients' autonomy

while at the same time addressing the patient's medical needs

Lastly, the presentation will show the significance of collaboration during care

First, the primary objective of this presentation is to provide guidance and information for

caregivers on the manner in which they can provide care to patients of Jehovah's witness who

deny blood transfusions as a result of their beliefs. At the same time, this paper aims to address

concerns and questions linked to such patients. Moreover, the presentation will show the

significance of exploring alternative treatment modalities for patients who refuse a particular

treatment. In addition, the presentation will demonstrate the significance of respecting patients'

autonomy while at the same time addressing the patient's medical needs. Lastly, the presentation

will show the significance of collaboration during care

Slide 2 Staircase model

The cultural competency model was developed as a self-assessment tool to help student nurses as

well as practising nurses in the assessment of their personal level or degree of cultural

competency

The model elucidates a number of salient characteristics of a nurse to become culturally

competent

Hence, as a nurse, I will examine my cultural competence level when caring for individuals from

different ethnic, religious, or cultural backgrounds (Johnson & Johnson Nursing, 2018)

I will utilize the staircase cultural competence model to identify areas of improvement (Kersey-

Matusiak, 2019)

At the same time, I will strive to elevate my competency by increasing my skills, attitudes, and

knowledge toward diverse cultures and backgrounds.

The cultural competency model was developed as a self-assessment tool to help student nurses as

well as practising nurses in the assessment of their personal level or degree of cultural

competency. Further, the model elucidates a number of salient characteristics of a nurse to

becoming culturally competent (Johnson & Johnson Nursing, 2018). Hence, as a nurse, I will

examine my cultural competence level when caring for individuals from different ethnic,

religious, or cultural backgrounds. In addition, I will utilize the staircase cultural competence

model to identify areas of improvement (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). At the same time, I will strive
to elevate my competency by increasing my skills, attitudes, and knowledge toward diverse

cultures and backgrounds.

Slide 3 familiarity with Jehovah's witness

Today, there are millions of Jehovah's witness believers throughout the globe

The King James Bible serves as the basis of the group's Jehovah's witness religious beliefs

The group believes in the strict interpretation of the scriptures as the guide of their life and as

God's word

The group are conscious objectors and do not often support acts of war against another group

Some of the taboos of the group include their disdain for stealing, lying, gambling,

homosexuality, incest, premarital sexual relations, taking revenge, and fornication

Further, the group values life; hence abortion, euthanasia, and suicide are unacceptable practices

The group considers it wrong for one to accept a blood transfusion (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

Healthcare professionals should be aware of these beliefs as well as comprehend the implications

of care

Healthcare facilities should provide additional resources such as patient advocates and chaplains

(Johnson & Johnson Nursing, 2018)

Today, there are millions of Jehovah's witness believers throughout the globe. It is important to

note that the King James Bible serves as the basis of the group's Jehovah's witness religious

beliefs. Further, the group believes in the strict interpretation of the scriptures as the guide of

their life and as God's word. At the same time, the group are conscious objector and does not

often support acts of war against another group. Some of the taboos of the group include their

disdain for stealing, lying, gambling, homosexuality, incest, premarital sexual relations, taking

revenge, and fornication. Furthermore, the group values life; hence abortion, euthanasia, and

suicide are unacceptable practices. Additionally, the group considers it wrong for one to accept a

blood transfusion. With this in mind, healthcare professionals should be aware of these beliefs as

well as comprehend the implications of care (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Also, healthcare facilities

should provide additional resources such as patient advocates and chaplains (Johnson & Johnson

Nursing, 2018).

Slide 4 significance of these beliefs

The healthcare belief of the group is significant since they impact practices such as blood

transfusion

In addition, the group has unique beliefs regarding organ transplant

The Jehovah's witness members accept surgical procedures that do not accompany blood

transfusion, nonblood volume expenders, and biopsies

These beliefs are dissimilar to my Christina beliefs since I believe that blood transfusion and

organ transplant are not a sin (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

Nurses should be aware of these beliefs and examine how it impacts patients' care.

The healthcare belief of the group is significant since they impact practices such as blood

transfusion. In addition, the group has unique beliefs regarding organ transplants. It is important

to note that Jehovah's witness members accept surgical procedures that do not accompany blood

transfusion, nonblood volume expenders, and biopsies. These beliefs are dissimilar to my

Christina beliefs since I believe that blood transfusion and organ transplant are not a sin (Kersey-

Matusiak, 2019). Hence, Nurses should be aware of these beliefs and examine how it impacts

patients' care.

Slide 5 feelings and attitude

As a nurse, it is vital to acknowledge and recognize my feeling and attitudes towards the patients'

beliefs, majorly if it can conflict with medical recommendation

One of the things that can impact care is nurses' capability to provide patient-centred care

In this case, the patient's religious belief can elicit diverse emotions or attitudes, including

disagreement, concern, or frustration (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

The nurse can utilize cultural assessment measures to assess alternative methods for treating the

patient's hemoglobinemia

As a nurse, it is vital to acknowledge and recognize my feelings and attitudes towards the

patients' beliefs, majorly if they conflict with medical recommendations. One of the things that
can impact care is nurses' capability to provide patient-centred care. In this case, the patient's

religious belief can elicit diverse emotions or attitudes, including disagreement, concern, or

frustration (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Lastly, a nurse can utilize cultural assessment measures to

assess alternative methods for treating the patient's hemoglobinemia

Slide 6 significance of the attitudes toward the development of a cooperative relationship

These attitudes and feelings can play a vital role in the development of trusting and collaborative

relations with the patients

With the aid of cultural assessment tools, the nurse can develop attitudes such as empathy and

respect, which can facilitate open communication with the patient (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

By being culturally sensitive, the nurse can recognize and addresses their biases that can impact

the development of a collaborative relationship with the patient.

Finally, these attitudes and feelings can be instrumental in understanding the role of spirituality

and religion in the patient's life and incorporating this into the care plan.

In this case, attitudes and feelings can play a vital role in developing trusting and collaborative

relations with the patients. With the aid of cultural assessment tools, the nurse can develop

attitudes such as empathy and respect, which can facilitate open communication with the patient.

It is important to note that by being culturally sensitive, the nurse can recognize and addresses

their biases that can impact the development of a collaborative relationship with the patient
(Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Finally, these attitudes and feelings can be instrumental in

understanding the role of spirituality and religion in the patient's life and incorporating this into

the care plan.

Slide 7 alternative ways of treating the patient

There are a number of alternative ways to manage the patient's hemoglobinemia without

necessarily having a blood transfusion (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

One of the alternative options is erythropoietin stimulating agents such as darbepoetin, epoetin,

and methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta ‌(Spahn and Goodnough, 2013)

Another treatment anaemia treatment options include iron, folate, and B12 supplementation

Nurses should be aware of these alternative options and advocate for the patient's beliefs and

preferences

There are many alternative ways to manage the patient's hemoglobinemia without necessarily

having a blood transfusion. One of the alternative options is erythropoietin-stimulating agents

such as darbepoetin, epoetin, and methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta ‌(Spahn and

Goodnough, 2013). Another treatment anaemia treatment options include iron, folate, and B12

supplementation (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Therefore, nurses should be aware of these alternative

options and advocate for the patient's beliefs and preferences

Slide 8 religious belief that the patient bases his refusal of blood transfusion

Jehovah's witness members believe that it is a serious sin against God if one accepts a blood

transfusion

Due to his religious belief, the patients believe that blood is sacred

The patient believes that the Bible prohibits the consumption of blood and even meat from

animals that did not bleed properly (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

It is instrumental for a healthcare provider to comprehend these beliefs as well as respect the

patient's autonomy

Jehovah's witness members believe that it is a serious sin against God if one accepts a blood

transfusion. Due to his religious belief, the patients believe that blood is sacred. In addition, the

patient believes that the Bible prohibits the consumption of blood and even meat from animals

that did not bleed properly (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Hence, it is instrumental for a healthcare

provider to comprehend these beliefs as well as respect the patient's autonomy

Slide 9 from whom the healthcare provider can gain more insights into the patients' beliefs
The are a number of individuals from who the nursing staff can gain insights into the patients'

religious beliefs

First, the nursing strass can gain insights from the patient himself

In addition, the patients can gain valuable insights from the family members (Kersey-Matusiak,

2019)

Spiritual leaders and patients advocate can provide valuable insights into the patients' healthcare

beliefs

Healthcare providers should communicate effectively with these individuals as well as involve

them in decision-making (Johnson & Johnson Nursing, 2018)

The are a number of individuals from who the nursing staff can gain insights into the patient's

religious beliefs. First, the nursing strass can gain insights from the patient himself. In addition,

the patients can gain valuable insights from the family members. Furthermore, spiritual leaders

and patients advocate can provide valuable insights into the patients' healthcare beliefs (Kersey-

Matusiak, 2019). Thus, healthcare providers should communicate effectively with these

individuals as well as involve them in decision-making (Johnson & Johnson Nursing, 2018).

Slide 10 strategies that are fundamental in meeting the patient's psychological and physiological

needs
The healthcare provider should examine and address the physiological needs of the patients by

providing the appropriate modalities for pain management

The patient can also address their physiological needs by using alternative options such as iron

supplementation to manage the patient's condition

In addition, the nursing staff can offer nutritional support that can aid in addressing the patient's

health problem while at the same time considering the patient's beliefs (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

The provision of emotional support can be instrumental in addressing the patient's psychological

needs

At the same time, it is instrumental in utilizing a multidisciplinary approach by involving diverse

individuals such as chaplains, social workers, and other healthcare practitioners to meet the

complex needs of the patients

The healthcare provider should examine and address the physiological needs of the patients by

providing the appropriate modalities for pain management. Further, the caregiver can address

their physiological needs by using alternative options such as iron supplementation to manage

the patient's condition. In addition, the nursing staff can offer nutritional support that can aid in

addressing the patient's health problem while at the same time considering the patient's beliefs.

On the other hand, it is essential to note that providing emotional support can be instrumental in

addressing the patient's psychological needs (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). At the same time, it is

instrumental in utilizing a multidisciplinary approach by involving diverse individuals such as

chaplains, social workers, and other healthcare practitioners to meet the complex needs of the

patients
Slide 11 resources that the nursing staff can utilize to address the patient's needs

The nursing staff can utilize a wide array of resources to address the patient's needs effectively

One of the resources is the healthcare facility policies and guidelines for treating individuals who

refuse blood transfusion

Other resources include the healthcare facility ethics chaplains (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

The nursing staff can utilize educational materials that provide insights into Jehovah's witnesses'

religious practices and beliefs.

Finally, the nursing staff can seek assistance from healthcare providers who have previously

encountered such cases (Johnson & Johnson Nursing, 2018)

The nursing staff can utilize a wide array of resources to address the patient's needs effectively.

One of the resources is the healthcare facility policies and guidelines for treating individuals who

refuse blood transfusions. Other resources include the healthcare facility ethics chaplains.

Furthermore, the nursing staff can utilize educational materials that provide insights into

Jehovah's witnesses' religious practices and beliefs (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Finally, the nursing

staff can seek assistance from healthcare providers who have previously encountered such cases

(Johnson & Johnson Nursing, 2018)

Slide 12 potential consequences of administering a blood transfusion

There are diverse consequences of a healthcare provider administering a blood transfusion to a

Jehovah's witness patient

First, there are legal consequences since caregivers are bound to respect the patient's informed

consent and autonomy

Hence this can result in legal actions against the caregiver

The ethical implication of this is that administering blood violates the ethical principles of

informed consent and can result in moral distress (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

In addition, the acts have social implications since individuals will lose trust in the healthcare

team

This can result in other effects, such as poor health results and noncompliance to treatment

modalities provided, and can negatively impact the patient's satisfaction

There are diverse consequences of a healthcare provider administering a blood transfusion to a

Jehovah's witness patient. First, there are legal consequences since caregivers are bound to

respect the patient's informed consent and autonomy. Hence this can result in legal actions

against the caregiver. Moreover, the ethical implication is that administering blood violates the

ethical principles of informed consent and can result in moral distress. In addition, the acts have

social implications since individuals will lose trust in the healthcare team (Kersey-Matusiak,

2019). This can result in other effects, such as poor health results and noncompliance to

treatment modalities provided, and can negatively impact the patient's satisfaction
Slide 13 what is the role of healthcare providers in Mr. Jackmon's case

A healthcare provider plays a key role in providing all the information that allows the patients to

make an informed decision

Caregivers play a key role in respecting the patient's religious beliefs and autonomy

Another key role that caregivers play in this situation is providing alternative treatment options

or strategies (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

Lastly, healthcare providers play an instrumental role in ensuring that individual needs are met

effectively and safely.

A healthcare provider plays a crucial role in providing all the information allowing patients to

make an informed decision. Further, caregivers play a crucial role in respecting the patient's

religious beliefs and autonomy. Another vital role caregivers play in this situation is providing

alternative treatment options or strategies (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Lastly, healthcare providers

play an instrumental role in ensuring that individual needs are met effectively and safely.

Slide 14 ethical principles that are at play in this situation

There are a number of ethical principles that are at play here

First, autonomy is at play since it allows the patients to make decisions concerning their health
Another ethical principle that is at play is beneficence which demonstrates that caregivers should

promote the interest and well-being of patients

Further, non-maleficence demonstrates that it is the obligation of healthcare professionals not to

harm the patient (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)

Moreover, the ethical principle of justice is also at play here since it ensures that the healthcare

professionals balance patients' needs and available resources when providing care

There are a number of ethical principles at play here. First, autonomy is at play since it allows

the patients to make decisions concerning their health. Another ethical principle that is at play is

beneficence which demonstrates that caregivers should promote the interest and well-being of

patients. Further, non-maleficence demonstrates that it is the obligation of healthcare

professionals not to harm the patient (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Moreover, the ethical principle of

justice is also at play here since it ensures that the healthcare professionals balance patients'

needs and available resources when providing care

Slide 15 conclusion

In conclusion, it is explicit that caring for patients calls for a nuanced strategy that respects the

individual's cultural and religious beliefs while at the same time meeting the medical needs

In addition, the presentation demonstrates that it is instrumental for caregivers to comprehend the

religious beliefs of individuals as well as explore the implication of care

The presentation shows that being culturally sensitive is instrumental in the case to evade legal

and ethical implications associated with Jehovah's witness patient

Furthermore, it is important to collaborate with diverse individuals, including patients' families,

chaplains, and other healthcare providers, to ensure that the patient's needs are addressed

In conclusion, it is explicit that caring for patients calls for a nuanced strategy that respects the

individual's cultural and religious beliefs while at the same time meeting medical needs. In

addition, the presentation demonstrates that it is instrumental for caregivers to comprehend the

religious beliefs of individuals as well as explore the implication of care. Moreover, the

presentation shows that being culturally sensitive is instrumental in the case to evade legal and

ethical implications associated with Jehovah's witness patients. Furthermore, it is crucial to

collaborate with diverse individuals, including patients' families, chaplains, and other healthcare

providers, to ensure that the patient's needs are addressed

Reference

Johnson & Johnson Nursing. (2018). Becoming a Culturally Competent Nurse. In YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r62Zp99U67Y

Kersey-Matusiak, G. (2019). Delivering culturally competent nursing care: working with diverse

and vulnerable populations. Springer Publishing Company.

‌Spahn, D. R., & Goodnough, L. T. (2013). Alternatives to blood transfusion. The

Lancet, 381(9880), 1855–1865. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60808-9