Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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B. PHONETICS (5 pts)
Part 1: Pick out the word with the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
(2.5 pts)
1. A. modernise B. dramatise C. expertise D. merchandise
2. A. chameleon B. enchant C. chamberlain D. bachelor
3. A. solemnity B. spectacle C. sombrero D. desolate
4. A. costume B. cosmetic C. disposal D. ostensible
5. A. cantaloupe B. catastrophe C. apostrophe D. recipe
Part 2:Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of other words
(2.5 pts)
1. A. generous B. pagoda C. address D. control
2. A. reaction B. miserable C. knowledge D. accident
3. A. compulsory B. objective C. publication D. statistical
4. A. confidence B. minimize C. complaint D. imitate
5. A. pleasure B. guaranty C. optimistic D. sanguine
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A. discouraged B. annoyed C. undecided D. determined
15. He gave me his personal _______ that his draft would be ready by Friday.
A. endurance B. insurance C. assurance D. ensurance
16. It’s high time we got going, _______?
A. isn’t it B. didn’t it C. should we D. aren’t we
17. The weather forecast was for rain, but the day was fine and dry, _____ it turned out.
A. When B. though C. like D. as
18. The book would have been perfect _______ the ending.
A. it had not been for B. hadn’t it been for
C. it hadn’t been to D. had it not been for
19. The film is ______ released at the end of next year.
A. on the verge of being B. due to be
C. about to be D. on the point of being
20. “Why did Laura go to town?”
“_______ for was to attend an interview.”
A. What she went B. That she went C. Why she went D. She w
Part 2. Find and correct ten mistakes in the following passage. You should indicate in which
line the mistake is. (5 pts)
When we first took our children to sea with us, it was rare to come cross other family on
sailing boats. Usually such meetings resulted in the children quickly making friends, while
we parents discuss how we managed. At firstly, I was worried about taking children to sea
and I had many questions however I would amuse them? What if they fell ill at sea? Add to
such questions was the major problem of their education. When we set out on our voyage,
my duaghter was seven, my son five, and we planned to sail for three years. That we only
returned to england six years late with 60,000 miles behind us and children of thirteen and
eleven years old, is an indicate of how my worries had been answered. One change over
these years has been the increasing in the number of parents who take their children to sea
on long voyages.
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12. His company went bankrupt, three years of hard work _______ the drain.
13. She is putting _______ a little each month for her studies in Queenstown.
14. The oral examination was difficult. The examiner tried to catch me _______ by asking some tricky
questions.
15. They should be able to settle their differences without resorting _______ violence.
16. The small boat drifted helplessly _______ the mercy of the wind and waves.
17. I find it very hard to commit historical dates _______ memory.
18. If you would like to wait a moment, Sir, I will just call _______ your file on the computer screen.
19. Quick, I haven’t got a pen. Can you jot Jack’s phone number _______ for me?
20. When I was a student, I eked _______ what little money I had by buying only second-hand clothes.
Part 4.Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (5 pts)
The stretch of water which (1. separate) _____________ Britain from France and the rest of
mainland Europe (2. always play) _________________ a significant role in British history.
Saturday, 1st December 1990 was no ordinary day in the Channel’s long history. At 11.00 a.m, two
miners, one French and one English, (3. cut) ______________ through the last few centimeters of
chalk (4. separate) _______________ the UK from mainland Europe. It was the first land
connection since the Ice age.
Work began on Europe tunnel in 1987. It (5. also know) ___________________ as the Channel
Tunnel, the Chunnel or Trans Manche link. It (6. build) ___________________ by an Anglo-
French engineering company, Eurotunnel, across 34 km of water from Cheriton (near Folkstones in
SE England) to Coquilles (near Calais in NW France). A smaller central service tunnel (7. build)
___________________ (8. use) ___________________ by workers and engineers for maintenance
work and emergencies. The two outer tunnels (9. carry) ___________________ high speed
passenger and freight trains. Cars and lorries (10. also transport) ___________________ by train.
The tunnel (11. expect) _______________ (12. have) _________________an effect on British
industry and (13. certainly boost)
the tourist industry. Journeys between Britain and Europe (14. be) ___________________ quicker
and more reliable for both holiday makers and business people. Lorry drivers (15. be)
___________________ able to relax and (16. enjoy) ___________________ their shorter Channel
crossing. Only one question (17. remain) ___________________. With the sea no longer (18. act)
___________________ as a natural barrier, swimmers (19. continue0 ___________________ to try
to swim the Channel as they (20. do) ___________________ for years?
Part 5. Write the correct form of the word given in brackets. (5 pts)
WOMEN ONLY
Increasingly, women are taking their holidays without men. For _____ (1. SAFE) reasons,
camaraderie or just plain fun, a growing number of female tourists are singing up for women-only
trips. Twenty years ago only a _____ (2. HAND) of companies offered such holidays; now there are
several hundred. Travel _____ (3. CONSULT) Andre Littlewood says that the combination of
higher incomes with delayed marriage, divorce, retirement and widowhood has _____ (4. ABLE)
more women to travel, often on their own. They are attracted by the sense of _____ (5. FREE) that
a holiday without men affords them. “Women in a group tend to feel _____ (6. INHIBIT) and
speak more openly than when men are around”, she adds. “Even on energy-sapping adventure
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holidays the atmosphere is relaxed and _____ (7. CO-OPERATE). It’s also a great deal more fun.
Women laugh more _____ (8. READY) than men, probably because they don’t mind laughing at
themselves.” Since her divorce Janice Cummings has been a regular traveler with Everywoman
Tours, and Oxford-based Company whose very name is a _____ (9. DETER) to men. “And a good
thing too,” she says. “Men simply cannot resist the _____ (10. TEMPT) to try and take control, no
matter where they are. And that includes on holiday. Thankfully, there is none of that with
Everywoman.”
Part 6. Complete the text below by filling in each gap a conjunction or preposition given.
Some conjunctions or prepositions are used more than once. (5 pts)
Part 2. Complete the following extract from a pamphlet on deafness by writing the missing
words in the spaces provided. Use only one word in each space. (7.5 pts)
This pamphlet is not about empty statements and false promises, rather it is concerned with the
Shared
cooperation needed by deaf people from those by toAngel
who speak of Otto
them. Any person Channel
who is willing to
give their cooperation by practising the following points will not only make conservation easier (1)
…………..deaf people, but also for (2) ………..
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Please avoid shouting at deaf people (3) …………….possible. shouting contorts the face of the
speaker (4) ………..the embarrassment of the listener, and (5) …………the conservation unnatural
and strained. Speech is usually (6) ……….heard when it is given in a clear voice (7)
…………..slightly louder (8) ……………normal.
Clarity (9) ……………than volume is often the main requirement when speaking. Many deaf
people have some ability to lip-read, (10) ………..going to lip-reading classes. Some partially deaf
people (11) ……………practise this skill without realising it. They feel that they can hear a speaker
(12) ……………when he is facing them. In actual fact, this probably isn’t the case, (13)
…………………they are likely to understand (14) …………..accurately because what they only
partially hear is assisted (15) ………………what they also see in the speaker’s expressions and lip-
movements.
Part 3: You are going to read an extract from an article. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D)
which you think fits best according to the text. (5 pts)
Leakey’s Achievement
Although he made his name with his archeological finds of early humans, Richard Leakey became
famous as the conservationist who turned the tide against elephant poaching. Bringing the slaughter
of Kenya's elephants under control required a military solution, and Leakey was not afraid to apply
it. Many poachers were killed, giving Leakey a reputation for being a cold- blooded obsessive who
put animals before people. Moreover, his efforts to eradicate corruption in Kenya's wildlife
management system won him many enemies.
But the birth of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), the eradication of elephant poaching and the
ban on the international trade in ivory are his legacy, and they form the basis of Wildlife Wars. This
surprisingly personal memoir has much to tell about the fragile relationships between
conservationists and governments. It is a story not only of Kenya, but of the continuing cost of
trying to save the world's wildlife from extinction.
Life for the average person in Africa is tough, and basic needs are far from being met. This is the
background against which Leakey fought his war, and he constantly refers to the threat poverty
poses to the preservation of Africa's spectacular wildlife. Leakey's argument, here and in recent
lectures, is that national parks managed exclusively for biodiversity protection must be created, and
that this protection of our wildlife heritage should be funded by international sources.
However, in the early 1990s the development agencies favoured "community-based" conservation.
Leakey's stand on protection of parks was seen as a lack of respect for local communities, and used
against him when he resigned as head of the KWS in 1994. Recently donors and conservationists
have come to recognise the limitations of purely local conservation programmes; there is a growing
consensus that the poor are unlikely to manage wildlife resources wisely for the long term because
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their needs are immediate.
Wildlife Wars continues where Leakey's memoir One Life left off. It spans a 13-year period,
beginning in 1989 when Leakey became head of the KWS. Then the elephant slaughter was at its
height across Africa; it is estimated that between 1975 and 1989 the international markets for ivory
in Europe, the United States and Asia led to the death of 1.2 m elephants, slaughtered for their ivory
to make piano keys, games and fashion accessories. Kenya's herds were reduced by more than 85%
by armed poachers, who turned their guns on anything and anyone. To stop this killing required
changing the perceptions of ivory users so as to eliminate the markets, as well as mounting an
armed force against the poachers.
With both humour and seriousness, Leakey explains the sacrifices he had to make in order to see his
vision succeed.
Despite the gravity of the situation, Leakey makes light of the sometimes comical
circumstances, although it is clear that his life was at risk many times and he worked under
tremendous pressure. For many, however, the real question is why this paleoanthropologist should
risk his life for wildlife. The answer may lie in Leakey's own depiction of himself, although
obviously aggressive and driven while running KWS, as essentially reflective. Presenting in moving
terms his introduction to elephant emotions and society, he describes his outrage at the moral and
ethical implications of poaching and culling for ivory, arguing that elephants, apes, whales and
dolphins have emotions so like those of humans that they deserve to be treated as such.
Hard-core wildlife groups sniggered at his 'bunny- hugging' tendencies, but they underestimated his
impact. It is impossible to put a value on Leakey's work during those years. As the elephant
population began to recover, Kenya's tourist industry revived to become the country's main source
of revenue. An international awareness campaign centred on an ivory bonfire, which led to the ban
on ivory trade and the collapse of ivory prices.
1. Richard Leakey is most well-known for
A. increasing wildlife budgets. B. successfully stopping illegal hunting.
C. removing the ban on the ivory trade. D. helping to identify man’s origins.
2. The word poaching in paragraph 1 is closest meaning to
A. cooking B. approaching C. hunting illegal D. stealing
3. The word fragile in paragraph 2 has the opposite meaning to
A. sturdy B. delicate C. flimsy D. brittle
4. In paragraph 3, Leakey makes the point that
A. conservation should be global responsibility.
B. a war must be fought against poverty.
C. Africa’s wildlife is an international attraction.
D. There is insufficient money to establish parks.
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5. It is now becoming accepted that
A. Leakey had no regard for local communities.
B. conservation programs should be under local control
C. donors have not yet received sufficient recognition.
D. poverty makes regional conservation programmes unreliable.
6. The writers says that between 1975 and 1989
A. the perceptions of the use of ivory changed. B. elephants were used to make piano keys.
C. the elephant population was decimated. D. demand for ivory began to decrease.
7. Leakey considers himself
A. amusing B. sentimental C. contemplative D. obsessive
8. The word gravity in paragraph 6 is closest meaning to
A. importance B. force C. weight D. seriousness
9. What does the writer imply in the last paragraph?
A. a disease had affected elephants. B. Leakey’s views are overly sentimental.
C. Leakey’s success in doubt. D. Leakey’s work had wide-range effects.
10. This passage is taken from
A. an article about endangered species. B. a book about Richard Leakey.
C. an article about Kenya. D. a book review
Part 4. Read the following texts about some famous walls around the world, then choose from
the four texts about walls (A-D) to answer the questions that follow. The texts may be chosen
more than once.
A GUIDE TO GREAT WALLS
A.
Erected in 1961 to prevent East German citizens crossing to the West, the Berlin Wall initially
consisted mainly of barbed wire and armed guards. Within months a concrete wall began to appear,
to be replaced on three separate occasions by ever more sophisticated versions, increasingly
resistant to breakthroughs. On the east side of the wall, tank traps and ditches were built as
protection against attack, and as a further deterrent to would-be escapees.
Although over 170 people lost their lives in Berlin trying to flee to the West, human will and
ingenuity often prevailed, with a number of successful escape attempts via tunnels and, on one
occasion, in a home-made hot air balloon. The 107-kilometre-long structure lost its relevance in
1989, when Hungary allowed East Germans to pass through their country on their way to Austria
and West Germany, and after travel restrictions were lifted, people began to demolish whole
sections of the wall. Now very little of it remains and the land has been used for housing and other
property development.
B.
Stretching for several thousand kilometres from the east coast of the country to the Gobi Desert, the
Great Wall of China is said to be the only man-made structure visible from outer space. The oldest
section was begun in 221 BC, using soldiers and local people, as well as intellectuals who had been
sentenced to forced labour under the repressive Qin dynasty. Not surprisingly, the layers of
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compacted earth used to construct the wall soon began to crumble, and it was left to the later Han
dynasty to restore and add to it.
By now the wall had evolved from a mere defence system for keeping out marauding tribes into a
safe haven where trade could flourish, and bustling market towns sprang up at the many busy gates.
But the ornate and imposing structure with which we are familiar from photographs was not added
until the fourteenth century by Ming, using advanced brick-building technology. It was he who
joined the three separate walls to create this truly impressive feat of construction.
C.
Situated in the north of England at one of the narrowest parts of the country, Hadrian’s Wall is
arguably the most important monument built by the Romans in Britain. Construction of the wall
began in 120 AD on the orders of Emperor Hadrian, who wanted to mark the northernmost
boundary of his Empire. The 117-kilometre wall was manned by thousands of troops, who kept
watch from numerous turrets and mile castles, and who lived in a series of forts situated at strategic
locations.
In the centuries following its abandonment around 400 AD, its stones were used by local people to
build houses, walls and even churches. Nevertheless, spectacular stretches of the wall remain and a
number of forts and museums along its length can be visited, providing a fascinating glimpse into
the lives of the Roman soldiers who patrolled it. Although built of stone, the wall itself is vulnerable
to erosion and visitors are discouraged from walking on it. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage
Site in 1987, Hadrian’s Wall ranks alongside some of the more famous architectural treasures in the
world.
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