60

CONGRUENCIA
Razones y Proporciones
DE TRIÁNGULOS

Evaluación 7. a + 1 = b + 2 = c + 4 = 10 Practiquemos
a b 5

1. x = 7k   /  x + y = 80 & a + 1 = 10a / b + 2 = 10b / c + 4 = 50

1. a = 11k   /  a + b = 80
y 9k
      a = 1       b = 2          c = 46  b 5k
9 9
&  7k + 9k = 80 &  11k + 5k = 80
16k = 80 ` a . b . c = 1 . 2 . 46 = 92         k = 5
k=5 9 9 81
2 2
` a - b = 6(5) = 30
` y - x = (x + y)(y - x) = (80)(2k) = 800 Clave B
Clave A
Clave B
8.
Nota:
Bailan No bailan 2. a = 13k   /  a - b = 72

l
2 2

a
En el enunciado dice: x – y b 7k

i
Varones = 6k x 6k - x

r
2 2
Debe decir: y – x

o
Mujeres = 4k x 4k - x &  13k - 7k = 72

i t

6k = 72

d
2. a = 7k   /  b - a = 54

E
k = 12
b 13k & 2x = 10k - 2x
3 1
El menor es: 7(12) = 84
&  13k - 7k = 54
2x = 30k - 6x
6k = 54
8x = 30k Clave B
k=9
x = 30k
` a + b = 20k = 180 8
3. a = 8k   /  a - b = 70
Clave A b 3k
6k - 30k
` 6k - x = 8 = 18k = 9 &  8k - 3k = 70
4k - x 4k 30k 2k k = 14
3. a = b = c = k   /  3k + 9k + 15k = 243 -
8
3 9 15
El mayor es: 8(14) = 112
&  27k = 243 Clave B
     k = 9
Clave C
` 15k - 9k = 6k = 54 9. a + b = 35  /  a 2 b ...(1)
a - 15 b

b + 15 a
= 4. a = 5k   /  a . b = 560
b 7k
Clave A
2 2
   &  a - 15a = b + 15b &  7k . 5k = 560
2 2
4. t        a - b = 15(a + b) k=4
t
(a - b)(a + b) = 15(a + b)
x 700 - x      a - b = 15 ...(2) ` b - a = 7k - 5k = 2k = 2.4
v1 = 2k v2 = 5k
De (1) y (2): Clave D
& x = 700 - x
2k 5k
a + b = 35 5.
  (+)
5x = 1400 - 2x a - b = 15         Presente    Futuro
7x = 1400    2a = 50
x = 200 Andrea 8k 8k + 12
   a = 25  /  b = 10
Melissa 9k 9k + 12
Cada persona recorre 500 y 200 metros res-
pectivamente. ` a . b = 250
&  8k + 12 + 9k + 12 = 75
Clave A 17k + 24 = 75
Clave B k=3
5.
  Pasado Presente
10. ` 9k - 8k = 3
Pedro 3k - 20 3k
Cobra: C = 3k  /  3k + 2k = 900
Juan 4k - 20 4k Clave C
Gasta: G = 2k        k = 180
6k - 40 = 4k - 20
6.
      2k = 20 & 2k - x = 3
     k = 10 3k 5    Presente   Futuro
Pedro tiene 30 años de edad.        x = k = 180 Carol 5k 5k + 15
5 5 Roger 9k 9k + 15
Clave B
       x = 36
&  5k + 15 + 9k + 15 = 86
6. a = 4k   /  4k . 3k = 1728 14k + 30 = 86
b 3k El gasto debe disminuir en S/.36.
k=4
&  12 . k2 = 1728 Clave B
      k = 12
` 9k - 5k = 4k = 4(4) = 16
Los números son 48 y 36.
Clave D Clave B
7.
11. a = 7k   /  b - a = 42


15k + 5x = 20k + 4x
x = 5k
61
  Presente   Futuro b 13k
x = 5(5) = 25
José 5k 5k + 15
&  13k - 7k = 42
Luis 4k 4k + 15 Dentro de 25 años la relación de edades
6k = 42
será de 4 a 5.
& 5k + 15 = 13 k=7
4k + 15 11
` a + b = 13k + 7k = 20k = 20(7) = 140 Clave C
55k + 165 = 52k + 195
3k = 30 17.
Clave B
k = 10 Varones: V = 7k   /   9k + 7k = 160
Mujeres: M = 9k k = 10
José tiene 5(10) = 50 años de edad. 12. a = 6k   /  11k - 6k = 60
B 11k
5k = 60 &  7k + x = 9k
Clave A k = 12 x = 2k = 2(10) = 20

8. El mayor es: 11k = 11(12) = 132 Deben llegar 20 varones.

l
     Presente    Futuro

a
Clave E

r i
Frank 2k 2k + 6 Clave C

i t o
Carlos 3k 3k + 6 18.

d
13. a = 8k   /  a + b = 138 Bailan No bailan

E
b 15k
&  2k + 6 + 3k + 6 = 42 Varones: 5k x 5k - x
5k = 30 &  15k + 8k = 138
Mujeres: 3k x 3k - x
k=6 k=6

` b - a = 15k - 8k = 42 & 2x = 5k - x + 3k - x
x años 2 3
& Presente Futuro      6x = 2(8k - 2x)
Clave E
12 12 + x      6x = 16k - 4x
18 18 + x 14.    10x = 16k
    Presente   Futuro      x = 16k
& 12 + x = 7 10
18 + x 9 Víctor 3k 9 + 3k
Elizabeth 5k 9 + 5k 5k - 16k
108 + 9x = 126 + 7x ` 5k - x 10 = 34k = 17
=
2x = 18 3k - x 3k 16k 14k 7
x=9 &  9 + 3k + 9 + 5k = 74 -
10
8k = 56
k=7 Clave C
Dentro de 9 años la relación de edades
será de 7 a 9. 19.
Elizabeth tiene 5(7) = 35 años de edad.      Bailan   No bailan
Clave A Varones: 4k x 4k - x
Clave D Mujeres: 3k x 3k - x
9. Varones: V = 5k   /   5k + 8k = 260 & 4k + 3k = 231
Mujeres: M = 8k      k = 20 15.        k = 33
    Pasado  Presente    Futuro
&  8k - x = 5k 2x 4k - x + 3k - x
Pamela 4k - 12 4k 4k + 4 =
2 9
  x = 3x
&  x = 60 Kimberly 7k - 12 7k 7k + 4
  9x = 7x - 2x
11x = 7k
Deben retirarse 60 mujeres. & 4k - 12 = 1
7k - 12 4    x = 7k
11
16k - 48 = 7k - 12
Clase B
9k = 36 Mujeres que no bailan:

10. k = 4 3k - x = 3k - 7k = 26k = 78
11 11
    Bailan No bailan
Varones: 5k x 5k - x `  4k + 4 + 7k + 4 = 11k + 8 = 11(4) + 8 = 52 Clave D
Mujeres: 4k x 4k - x 20. t1 t2
Clave A
x 570 - x
& 2x = 9k - 2x
6 1 16. v1 = 7k v2 = 12k
    2x = 54k - 12x             x años
& t1 = t2
   14x = 54k             
Presente    Futuro x 570 - x
    x = 27k A: 3k 3k + 8 3k + x

7k
=
12k
7
5k - 27k B: 5k 5k + 8 5k + x 12x = 3990 - 7x
` 5k - x = 7 = 8k = 8 19x = 3990
4k - x 4k 27k k 1
- &  3k + 8 + 5k + 8 = 56    x = 210
7
8k = 40
Clave B Cada una recorre 210 m y 360 m.
k=5

& 3k + x = 4 Clave C
5k + x 5
62 21.
24. a + 4 = 3b = c + 8 = 2 y
28. 81 = x = = z = k
Bailan   No bailan a-4 b+4 15 x y z 256

Varones: 2k x 2k - x &   a + 4 = 2a - 8  /  3b = 2b + 8  /  c + 8 = 30 81 . x . y . z 81
Mujeres: 3k x 3k - x
= k4 & k4 =
     12 = a    b = 8       c = 22 x . y . z 256 256

2x 2k - x + 3k - x ` a + b + c = 12 + 8 + 22 = 42               & k=3

& = 4
8 3
Clave E
     6x = 8(5k - 2x) & x = 81 = 81 . 4 = 108
k 3
     6x = 40k - 16x
   22x = 40k
25. x + 7 =
2y + 8 z + 3 / y = x = 108 . 4 = 144
= =4 k 3
         x = 20k x - 14 y-1 3
11
&  x + 7 = 4x - 56  /  2y + 8 = 4y - 4  /  z + 3 = 12 / z = 256 . 3 = 192
Además:  2k + 3k = 220 4
     k = 44 63 = 3x        12 = 2y         z = 9
  x = 21   y = 6 ` x + y + z = 108 + 144 + 192 = 444
Varones que no bailan:
` x + y + z = 21 + 6 + 9 = 36
Clave D
2k - x = 2k - 20k = 2k = 8

a
11 11

i
Clave C

r
29. a = b = c = k    / c - b = 18

o
3 5 7

t
Clase D

i
7k - 5k = 18
26. a = c = e = 5

E d
22. t1 b d f k=9
t2
3 3 3 3 3 3
300 - x x • a3 = c 3 = e3 = 53 & a 3 + c 3+ e3 = 53 ...(1)
b d f b +d +f El menor de estos números es:
v1 = 11k v2 = 4k
• a = 5b / c = 5d / e = 5f 3k = 3(9) = 27
t1 = t2
Clave B
300 - x
=
x & a . c . f = 5b . 5d . f = 5     ...(2)
11 4 b.d.e b . d . 5f
1200 - 4x = 11x 30. a = b = c = d = k   /  a + b = 240
3 7 9 14
1200 = 15x • d = f = 1
c e 5
80 = x &  3k + 7k = 240
2 2 2 2
& d = f = 1 & d + f = 1   ...(3)       k = 24
Cada una recorre 80 y 220 metros. c2 e2 52 c2 + e2 52
` 14k - 9k = 5k = 120
Clave B De (1); (2) y (3):
Clave C
a3 + c3 + e3 a . c . f d 2 + f 2
23.
t2 & f pc mf p
b3 + d3 + f3 b . d . e c 2 + e 2
48 m t1
x = ^53h^5hc 12 m = 25
5
Liebre Tortuga Clave B
v1 = 7k v2 = 3k

      t1 = t2
27. 16 = b = c = d = k
x 48 + x b c d 81
=
3 7 16 . b . c . d k 4 & k 4 16
= =
      7x = 144 + 3x b . c . d . 81 81
      4x = 144
      k = 2
       x = 36 3
& b = 16 = 16 (3) = 24
Suma de espacios recorridos: k 2

     x    
  +  48 + x = 48 + 2x = 120 m / c = b = 24 (3) = 36
Tortuga Liebre
k 2

/ d = 81 . 2 = 54
Clave C 3
` b + c + d = 24 + 36 + 54 = 114

Clave C