STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 4TH QUARTER

COMPUTING PROBABILTIES AND PERCENTILES USING THE STANDARD NORMAL TABLE

Probability Notations
CASE 1 P(a < z < b)
 Denotes the probability
‘GREATER THAN Z’ that the z-score is
Example 1. Find the probability of
‘AT LEAST Z’ between a and b.
the area above z = -1 above z = -1. P(z > a)
‘MORE THAN Z’
 Denotes the probability
‘TO THE RIGHT OF that the z-score is greater
Z’ than a.
P(z < a)
 Denotes the probability
that the z-score is less than a.

[Pick the date] [Edition 1, Volume 1]

The area corresponds to z = -1 is 0.3413.
P(z > -1) = 0.3413 + 0.5
Thus, the probability is 0.8413 or 84.13%
P(z > -1) = 0.8413

Example 2. Find the probability of the area greater than z = 1.

The area corresponds to z = 1 is 0.3413.
P(z > 1) = 0.5 – 0.3413
P(z > 1) = 0.1587
Thus, the probability is 0.1587 or
15.87%3. Find the probability to the
Example Thus, the probability is 0.0668 or
left of z = - 6.68%
Example
P(z < -1.5)3.=Find
0.5 –the probability
0.4332
P(z
to <
the-1.5)
left =of0.0668
z = -1.5.
CASE 3
The area corresponds to z = -1.5 is
0.4332

‘between z1 and
z2’
‘between –z1
and5. Find
Example –z2 the probability between z = -2 and z = -1.5.

z = -2 corresponds to 0.4772 For example to

z = -1.5 corresponds to 0.4332 denote the area
Thus, the probability is
P(-20.0440 or 4.40%
< z < -1.5) = 0.4772 – between z = 1
0.4332 and z = 2, we use
P(-2 < z < -1.5) = 0.0440
the notation:

CASE“the
2 probability
that the z = 1 and
Example 7. Find the probability between z = -
‘LESSz THAN Z’
= 2 is 0.1539”
1.32 and z = 2.37. ‘AT MOST Z’ 2) =
P(1 < z <
z = -1.32 corresponds to 0.4066 0.1539
z = 2.37 corresponds to 0.4911
‘NO MORE THAN
P(-1.32 < z < 2.37) = 0.4066 + 0.4911 Z’
P(-1.32 < z < 2.37) = 0.8977 ‘TO THE LEFT OF
Thus, the probability is 0.8977 or 89.77% Z’
‘NOT GREATER
THAN Z’
‘BELOW Z’

WORD PROBLEMS
Example 9. The weights of adults in Barangay X approaches a normal distribution with a mean of 52.9kg and standard
deviation of 7.2kg. If an adult is chosen at random from Barangay X, what is the
probability that his weight is above 48.5 kg.
Given : μ = 52.9, σ = 7.2, and x = 48.5
Z=x–μ
σ
Z = 48.5 – 52.9
7.2
= -0.61
The area corresponds to z = -
0.61
Thus, the probability that the randomly is 0.2291
selected
adults weights above 48.5 kg is 0.7291 or 72.91%
P(z > -0.61) = 0.2291 + 0.5
P(z > -0.61) = 0.7291
Example 10. A brisk walk at 4 miles per hour burns and average of 300 calories per hour. If the standard
deviation of the distribution is 8 calories find the probability that a person who walks one hour at the rate of 4
miles per hour will burn the following calories. Assume the variable to be normally distributed.
a) More than 280 calories
Given: : μ = 300, σ = 8, and x = 280

CASE 3

‘between z1 and
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‘between –z1
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