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Partial credit will be given for ANSWERS that demonstrate some but not
all of the important conceptual issues.
This quiz is closed book, but you may use four 8.5 × 11 sheets of paper (eight sides total).
1 /10
2 /12
3 /18
4 /15
5 /15
6 /15
7 /15
Total /100
1
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
where α represents a positive real number, u[n] represents the unit-step function, and
In/3J represents the largest integer that is ≤ n/3. The signal x[n] is plotted below.
x[n]
α0
α1
α2
α34
α
n
−6 −3 0 3 6 9 12
Enter a closed-form expression for X(z) in the box below.
1 + z −1 + z −2
X(z) =
1 − αz −3
√
ROC = |z| > | 3 α|
∞
c ∞
c
X(z) = x[n]z −n = αn/3 z −n + αn/3 z −n−1 + αn/3 z −n−2
n=−∞ n=0
n divisible by 3
∞
c 1 + z −1 + z −2
= αm z −3m 1 + z −1 + z −2 =
m=0
1 − αz −3
√
where this sum converges iff |αz −3 | < 1. Thus the region of convergence is |z| > | 3 α|.
2
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
The asymptotic responses can be achieved with a zero at ω = 0 and two poles in the left half-plane,
so that the system function has the form
100s
H(s) = 2 .
s + αs + 25
Also, the magnitude at s = j5 is 50:
100 × j5 100
H(j5) = = = 50 .
−25 + αj5 + 25 α
Therefore α = 2. Thus the poles are the roots of
s2 + 2s + 25
√ √
which are s = −1 ± 1 − 25 = −1 ± j 24.
3
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
z3
H1 (z) = 3 → F
z − 0.5
Ω
−π 0 π
magnitude B
2
z3 − 1
H2 (z) = 3 → B
z − 0.5
Ω
−π 0 π
magnitude C
6
z3 + z2 + z
H3 (z) = → D
z 3 − 0.5
Ω
−π 0 π
magnitude D
6
z3
H4 (z) = 3 → A
z + 0.5
Ω
−π 0 π
magnitude E
2
z3 + 1
H5 (z) = 3 → E
z + 0.5
Ω
−π 0 π
magnitude F
2
z3 − z2 + z
H6 (z) = → C
z 3 + 0.5
Ω
−π 0 π
4
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
X + G Y
−
2/9
2/27 0.1
2/90
0.01 ω [log scale]
0.1 1 10 100
2
The magnitude for asymptotically low frequencies is ≈ 0.074.
27
Determine G(s). [You only need to find one solution, even if others exist.]
The system function for H can be determined from the magntitude plot to be
2(s + 1)
H(s) = .
(s + 3)(s + 9)
The relation between G and H is given by Black’s equation
G
H= .
1+G
This relation can be solved for G to yield
2(s+1)
H (s+3)(s+9) 2(s + 1)
G= = 2(s+1)
=
1−H 1 − (s+3)(s+9) (s + 3)(s + 9) − 2(s + 1)
2(s + 1) 2(s + 1) 2(s + 1)
= = 2 =
s2 + 12s + 27 − 2s − 2 s + 10s + 25 (s + 5)2
5
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
2(s−1)
H (s+3)(s+9) 2(s − 1)
G= = 2(s−1)
=
1−H 1 − (s+3)(s+9) (s + 3)(s + 9) − 2(s − 1)
2(s − 1) 2(s − 1) 2(s − 1)
= = 2 =
s2 + 12s + 27 − 2s + 2 s + 10s + 29 (s + 5 + j2)(s + 5 − j2)
And finally, the zero could be in the right half plane with overall negation. Then
2(s − 1)
H(s) = −
(s + 3)(s + 9)
and
2(s−1)
H − (s+3)(s+9) −2(s − 1)
G= = 2(s−1)
=
1−H 1 + (s+3)(s+9) (s + 3)(s + 9) + 2(s − 1)
−2(s − 1) −2(s − 1)
= = 2
s2 + 12s + 27 + 2s − 2 s + 14s + 25
6
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
Ω
−2π 0 2π
angle
π
π/2
Ω
−2π 2π
−π/2
−π
x[n]
1
2
n
1
− 12
7
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
b2 2 b3 3 bn n
xb (t) = b0 + b1 t + 2! t + 3! t + ··· + n! t + ··· ; t > 0
0
; otherwise
c2 2 c3 3 cn n
c0 + c1 t + 2! t + 3! t + ··· + n! t + ··· ; t > 0
xc (t) =
0
; otherwise
Determine expressions for the c coefficients (c0 , c1 , ... cn ) in terms of the a coefficients
(a0 , a1 , ... an ) and b coefficients (b0 , b1 , ... bn ).
c0 = 0
c1 = a 0 b0
c2 = a1 b0 + a 0 b1
c3 = a2 b0 + a 1 b1 + a 0 b2
n
c
cn = an−k bk−1
k=1
∞ ∞ ∞ X
∞
! !
an n bk an b
k k
X X X
k
xc = xa ∗ xb = t u(t) ∗ t u(t) = tn u(t) ∗ t u(t)
n=0
n! k! n=0 k=0
n! k!
k=0
∞ c ∞
X n n
X cn
Xc (s) = L t u(t) = n+1
n=0
n! n=0
s
∞ X∞ a X ∞ X∞
X n n
bk k an bk
= Xa (s)Xb (s) = L t u(t) × L t u(t) = n+k+2
n=0
n! k! n=0
s
k=0 k=0
8
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
ω
π π
−
2 2
This signal passes through the following system
xb (t) uniform xc [n] = sample-to- xd (t)
xa (t) × H(jω) xe (t)
sampler xb (nT ) impulse
cos ωm t
∞
c
where xd (t) = xc [n]δ(t − nT ) and
n=−∞
Part a. Which (if any) of the waveforms on the following page could represent xb (t)?
A-F or none C
ωm = 3π
The Fourier transform Xa (jω) can be written as the convolution of two rectangular pulses, each
with height of 2 for |ω| < π4 . Thus
2
sin πt
4
xa (t) = 4
πt
Modulation then produces
2
sin πt
4
xb (t) = 4 cos(ωm t)
πt
which corresponds to waveform C with ωm = 3π.
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
t
−12 −8 −4 4 8 12
t
−12 −8 −4 4 8 12
t
−12 −8 −4 4 8 12
t
−12 −8 −4 4 8 12
t
−12 −8 −4 4 8 12
t
−12 −8 −4 4 8 12
10
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
Part b. Sketch the Fourier transform of xe (t) for the case when ωm = 5π and T = 13 .
Label the important features of your plot.
Xe (jω)
1
2
ω
−π π
11
Final Examination / 6.003: Signals and Systems (Spring 2010)
Part c. Is it possible to adjust T so that Xe (jω) has the following form when ωm = 5π?
Xe (jω)
1
2
ω
−π π
yes or no:
yes
If yes, determine such a value of T (there may be multiple solutions, you need only
specify one of them).
4 4 8 4
T =
11 or 9 or 9 or 3
12
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