T.

ME/AGEXPR

MODERN PHYSICS
PHYSICS-2
1. A radioactive sample is undergoing a decay. At any time t 1. its activity is A and another time t2
A
the activity is . What is the average life time for the sample ? [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)
5
n5 t t t t n  t 2  t1 
(1) (2) 1 2 (3) 2 1 (4)
t 2  t1 n5 n5 2

2. The half-life of Au198 is 2.7 days. The activity of 1.50 mg of Au198 if its atomic weight is 198g
mol–1 is, (NA = 6 × 1023/mol) [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
(1) 240 Ci (2) 357Ci (3) 535 Ci (4) 252Ci

3. Calculate the time interval between 33% decay and 67% decay if half-life
life of a substance is 20
minutes. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
(1) 60 minutes (2) 20 minutes
(3) 40 minutes (4) 13 minutes

4. The half-life of Au198 is 2.7 days. The activity of 1.50 mg of Au198 if its atomic weight is 198g
mol–1 is, (NA = 6 × 1023/mol) [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
(1) 240 Ci (2) 357Ci (3) 535 Ci (4) 252Ci

5. A radioactive material decay by simultaneous emission of two particles with half lives of 1400
years and 700 years respectively. What will be the time after which one third of the material
remains ? (Take ln 3 = 1.1) [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
(1) 1110 years (2) 700 years (3) 340 years (4) 740 years

6. A nucleus of mass M emits   ray photon of frequency 'v'. The loss of internal energy by the
nucleus is : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
 hv   hv 
(1) hv (2) 0 (3) 1  2 
(4) hv 1  2
 2Mc   2Mc 
7. For a certain radioactivity process the graph between ln R and t (sec) is obtained as shown in the
figure. Then the value of half life for the unknown radioactivity material is approximately:
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)

(1) 9.15 sec (2) 6.93 sec (3) 2.62 sec (4) 4.62 sec
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 T.ME/AGEXPR
th
1
8. A radioactive substance decay to   of its initial activity in 80 days. The half life of the
 16 
radioactive substance expressed in days is ____. [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]

9. A nucleus with mass number 184 initially at rest emits an -particle. If the Q value of the reaction
is 5.5 MeV, calculate the kinetic energy of the -particle. [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(1) 5.0 MeV (2) 5.5 MeV (3) 0.12 MeV (4) 5.38 MeV

10. The half-life of198 Au is 3 days. If atomic weight of 198

Au is 198 g/mol then the activity of 2 mg
198
of Au is [in disintegration/second]: [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(1) 2.67 1012 (2) 6.06  1018 (3) 32.36  1012 (4) 16.18  1012

27
11. From the given data, the amount of energy required to break the nucleus of aluminium 13 Al

is_____ x 103 J. [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]

Mass of neutron = 1.00866 u
Mass of proton = 1.00726 u
Mass of Aluminium nucleus = 27.18846 u
(Assume l u corresponds to x J of energy)
(Round off to the nearest integer)
th
1
12. The nuclear activity of a radioactive element becomes   of its initial value in 30 years. The
8
half-life of radioactive element is________ years. [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]

13. If 'ƒ' denotes the ratio of the number of nuclei decayed (Nd) to the number of nuclei at t = 0 (N0)
then for a collection of radioactive nuclei, the rate of change of 'ƒ' with respect to time is given as :
[ is the radioactive decay constant] [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
–t t –t
(1) – (1 – e ) (2) (1 – e– ) (3) e (4) –e–t

14. A radioactive sample has an average life of 30 ms and is decaying. A capacitor of capacitance 200
F is first charged and later connected with resistor 'R'. If the ratio of charge on capacitor to the
activity of radioactive sample is fixed with respect to time then the value of 'R' should be
______. [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]

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 T.ME/AGEXPR

15. Some nuclei of a radioactive material are undergoing radioactive decay. The time gap between the
instances when a quarter of the nuclei have decayed and when half of the nuclei have decayed is
given as : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
(where  is the decay constant)
3
ln
1 ln2 ln2 2ln2 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2    

16. The half life period of radioactive element x is same as the mean life time of another radioactive
element y. Initially they have the same number of atoms. Then :
(1) x–will
will decay faster than y. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(AUGUS
(2) y– will decay faster than x.
(3) x and y have same decay rate initially and later on different decay rate.
(4) x and y decay at the same rate always.

17. At time t = 0, a material is composed of two radioactive atoms A and B, where N A(0) = 2NB(0).
The decay constant of both kind of radioactive atoms is .. However, A disintegrates to B and B
disintegrates to C. Which of the following figures represents the evolution of N B(t) / NB(0) with
respect to time t ? [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(AUGUS
 N A (0)  No. of A atoms at t  0
 N (0)  No. of B atoms at t  0 
 B 

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

18. The are 1010 radioactive nuclei in a given radioactive element, Its half
half-life
life time is 1 minute. How
many nuclei will remain after 30 seconds? [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(AUGUS
 2  1.414 
(1) 2 1010 (2) 7 109 (3) 105 (4) 4 1010
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 T.ME/AGEXPR

19. A sample of radioactivity nucleus A disintegrates to another radioactivity nucleus B, which in turn
disintegrates to same other stable nucleus C. Plot of graph showing the variation of number of
atoms of nucleus B versus
sus time is : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(AUGUS
(Assume that at t = 0, there are no B atoms in the sample)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

20. The decay of a proton to neutron is: [JEE

JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(AUGUS
(1) not possible as proton mass is less than the neutron mass
(2) possible only inside the nucleus
(3) not possible but neutron to proton conversion is possible
ways possible as it is associated only with + decay.
(4) always

ANSWER KEY
1. 3 2. 2 3. 2 4. 2 5. 4 6. 4 7. 4
8. 20 9. 4 10. 4 11. 27 12. 10 13. 3 14. 150
15. 4 16. 2 17. 3 18. 2 19. 2 20. 2

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 T.ME/AGEXPR

SOLUTION
1. (3)
Sol. Let initial activity be A0
A  A 0 e t1 ……….(i)
A
 A 0e t 2 ……….(ii)
5
(i)  (ii)
5  e  t 2  t1 
n5 1
 
t 2  t1 
t t
 2 1
n5

2. (2)
 ln 2 
Sol. A  λN  t1/2  
  
N  nN A
 1.5  10 3 
N   NA
 198 
1 Curie = 3.7 × 1010 Bq
A = 365 Bq
3. (2)
Sol. N1  N 0 e – t1
N1
 e – t1
N0
0.67  e – t1
ln  0.67   –t1
N 2  N 0 e – t 2
N2
 e – t 2
N0
0.33  e – t 2
ln(0.33) = –t2
ln(0.67) – ln(0.33) = t1 – t2
 0.67 
  t1 – t 2   ln  
 0.33 
  t1 – t 2   ln 2
t1 – t2
ln 2
t1 – t 2   t1/2

Half life = t1/2 = 20 minutes.
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 T.ME/AGEXPR
4. (2)
 ln 2 
Sol. A  λN  t1/2  
  
N  nN A
 1.5  10 3 
N   NA
 198 
1 Curie = 3.7 × 1010 Bq
A = 365 Bq

5. (4)

Sol.

ln 2 n2
Given 1 = 1  /year, 2 = / year
700 1400
 net = 1 + 2 =  n 2 
1 1 

 700 1400 
3n2
= /year
1400
Now, Let initial number of radioactive nuclei be No.
N
 0  N0e net t
3
1 3  0.693
 n  net t  1.1  t  t  740 years
3 1400
Hence option 4

6. (4)
Sol. Energy of  ray [E] = h
h h
Momentum of  ray [P] = 
 C
 
P  PNu  0

Where PNu = Momentum of decayed nuclei
h
 P = PNu   PNu  K.E. of nuclei
C
1
 Mv  2  PNu 

1  hv 
2

2 2M 2M  C 
Loss in internal energy = E + K.ENu
2
1  hv 
= hv 1 
hv 
= hv   
2M  C   2MC 2 

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 T.ME/AGEXPR

7. (4)
Sol. R = R0e–t
nR = nR0 – t]
 – isslope of straight line
3
 =
20
n2
t1/2 = = 4.62


8. (20)
t1 t t t
N0 1
N 1
N 1
N
Sol. N 0 
2
 
2
 0 
2
 0 
2
 0
2 4 8 16
4 × t1/2 = 80
t1/2 = 20 days

9. (4)

Sol.

2
1 1  4v 
(4m)v 2  (180m)    5.5Mev
2 2  180 
1   4  
2
5.5
 4mv 2 1  45     5.5MeV  K.E α  2
MeV
2   180    4 
1  45   
 180 
5.5
K.E = 2
MeV
1  45. 
4 

 180 

10. (4)
Sol. A = N
ln 2 ln 2
  sec 1  2.67  106 sec 1
t1/ 2 3  24  60  60
N = Number of atoms in 2 mg Au
2  103
  6  1023  6.06  1015
198
A = N = 1.618 × 1013 = 16.18 × 1012 dps

11. (27)
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 T.ME/AGEXPR

Sol. m = (ZmP + (A – Z)mn) – MA

= (13 ×1.00726 + 14 × 1.00866) – 27.18846 = 27.21562 – 27.18846 = 0.02716 u
E = 27.16 x × 10–3 J

12. (10)
Sol. A = A0e–t
A0
 A 0 e t  t  ln 8
8
t = 3ln2
ln 2 t 30
   10 years
 3 3

13. (3)
Sol. N = N0e–t
Nd = N0 – N
Nd = N0 (1 – e–t)
Nd
 f  1  e t
N0
df
 e t
dt

14. (150)
Sol. Tm = 30 ms
C = 200 F
 1 
q Q0 e t /RC Q0 t   RC 
  e
N N 0 et N0
Since q/N is constant hence
1

RC
1 Tm 30 103
R    150
C C 200 106

15. (4)
3N 0
Sol.  N 0 e t1
4
N0
 N 0 e t 2
2
ln(3/4) = –t1 .....(i)
ln(1/2) = –t2 .....(i)
ln(3/4) – ln(1/2) = t2–t1) .....(i)
ln  3 / 2 
t =

16. (2)

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 T.ME/AGEXPR

n2 1
Sol.  t1/2 x    y    x = 0.693 y
x y
Also initially Nx = Ny = N0
Activity A = N
As x < y  Ax < Ay  y will decay faster than x
Option (2)

17. (3)
Sol. A  B, B  C
dN B
 N A   N B
dt
dN B
 2N Bo e t  N B
dt
 dN 
e t  B  N B   2N B0 e t  et
 dt 
d
dt
 N B et   2N B0 , on integrating

N Bet  2tN B0  N B0
N B  N B0 [1  2t]e t
dN B
 0 at [1  2t)e t  2e t  0
dt
1
N Bmax at t 
2

18. (2)
t
N  1  t1/2
Sol.  
N0  2 
30 1
10
N  1  60  1  2 10
10
    N  1010
    ~ 7 109
10 2 2 2

19. (2)
Sol. A   B   C (stable)
Initially no, of atoms of B = 0 after t = 0, no. of atoms of B will starts increasing & reaches
maximum value when rate of decay of B = rate of formation of B .
After that maximum value, no. of atoms will starts decreasing as growth & decay both are
exponential functions, so best possible graph is (2)
option (2)

20. (2)
Sol. It is possible only inside the nucleus and not otherwise.

331