COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION

Social Science Discipline Social Science Discipline

2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City 2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118 Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118

DO YOU HAVE SOME QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO

Q & A LIST WRITE IT HERE BIG PICTURE-B
Week 4-6: Unit Learning Outcome (ULO 2): At the end of the unit, you are
expected to
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS / ANSWERS
ISSUES a. Assess the social origin and be enabled to understand the social
origins of Jose Rizal and its historical context.
1.
b. Discuss the mode of education during the 19th Century and be able
2. to understand the importance of education.
c. Rationalize the connection on the historical and cultural context in
3. Dr. Jose Rizal’s mission on freedom through education and travels
around the world.

KEYWORDS INDEX BIG PICTURE in Focus

a. Assess the social origin and be enabled to understand the social
origins of Jose Rizal and its historical context.
Nationalism Noli Me Tangere
b.
Makamisa El Filibusterismo

Industrialization Negritos and Malays METALANGUAGE

Culture Hybridity
In this section, the essential terms relevant to the study of the Life and Works of Dr.
Ancestry Colonialism Jose Rizal and to the ULO-2 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
understand terms that you will encounter in this course. As we go through the study
of the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal, please be guided of the following terms and
understand its concepts and ideas.

1. Genealogy
 technically referring to the tracing of the line of descent, in the text the
concept is basically referring to the ancestry of Dr. Rizal
2. polyglot
 someone who knows how to speak many languages
3. mercado
 a term that, back then, strictly refers to “trader” as opposed to the
prejudicial “sangley” that means “travelling trader”
4. ricial
 the term from which “Rizal” was taken. It literally means “leaves
sprouting again when wheat is cut while still green”

5. Bachelor of Arts
 equivalent to today’s high school diploma

42 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal 43 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Social Science Discipline
2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes - 2) for the fourth week
of this course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that
will be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that you are not
limited with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize other
books, research articles, online sources and other resources available in the
university’s library e.g., elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc.
I who also became a gobernadorcillo of Binan. Juan and Cirila were also blessed of
Dr. Jose Rizal’s Ancestry and Origin
To appreciate the life and work of Dr. Jose Rizal it is necessary to know his
genealogical background to understand his stand and point of view in his era that
many things have happened. He is known to be brilliant in mind and in action; hence,
it is necessary to go over his ancestry for reference.
1.1 Dr. Jose “Pepe” Rizal
Dr. Jose Rizal is an example of a genius. He is known to be a polyglot, writer, poet,
doctor, scientist, painter, ethnologist, engineer, educator, and more to his resume,
but above all, he is well known for his Political Martyrdom in a fight for freedom and
nationalism.
June 19, 1861, at moonlit of a Wednesday, Jose was born at Calamba, Laguna
Province, Philippines. It was accounted that because of his big head her mother was
in a near-death situation in the delivery. After a few days, he was baptized, on the
21st of that month. At least 3 days after the birth.
Fr. Rufino Collantes the parish priest of Calamba baptized him with the given name
of “Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda.” His godfather was Fr. Pedro
Casanas.
It should be noted that the Governador General of the Philippines during this time
was Lieutenant- General Jose Lemery (February 2, 1861 – July 7, 1862). He was a
member of the Spanish Cortes and was a Senator of Spain.
44 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Social Science Discipline
2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
1.2 Pepe’s Paternal Ancestry
Lamco, a Chinese immigrant was the great-great-grandfather on his father's side. He
came from Fukien City, China arrived at Manila around 1690. He became a Christian
and married a lady named Ines de la Rosa and assumed a surname of Mercado in
1731. It was said he was honored with this surname due to its diligence and honesty
as a merchant in manila.
Francisco was born, who resided at Binan, Laguna who later on became
a Gobernadorcillo and married to a Chinese mestiza namely Cirila Bernacha, and
was blessed with three children. Juan (Pepe’s Grandfather) married Cirila Alejandro
13 sons and a daughter of which Francisco Mercado (Pepe’s Father) was the
youngest.
At the age of 8 Francisco Mercado lost his father. He studied Latin and Philosophy in
the College of San Jose in Manila. While studying he met Teodora Alonso Realonda
and fell in love with her, who studied at College of Sta. Rosa. They decided to get
married on June 28, 1848 and settled at Calamba engaging in farming and business
as their family is growing.
1.3 Pepe’s Maternal Ancestry
Bravery is one of the traits that Pepe and his brother Paciano were known. It was
said that Dona Teodora was a descendant of Lakandula, the last native King of
Tondo; thus, providing a Filipino ancestry to the family of Rizal.
Her great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua a Japanese who married a Filipina
Benigna who gave birth to Regina. Regina was married to Manuel de Quintos, a
lawyer from Pangasinan later had a daughter namely Brigida who married Lorenzo
Alberto Alonso, a Spanish-Filipino mestizo, whose children were Narcisa, Teodora
(Pepe’s Mother), Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose. In the later part, Dona Teodora
Morales Alonso Realonda Mercado Rizal Y Quintos married Don Francisco Engracio
Alejandro, Rizal Mercado.
The real surname of the Rizal is Mercado, which was adopted by Domingo Lamco in
1731. It was known to be their second surname, which was given by a Spanish
alcalde mayor who was a family friend in Laguna.
45 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Social Science Discipline
2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
II
Dr. Jose Rizal’s Education in the Philippines
Even in the present situation, education is highly considered as one of the key
factors for success. Education is deemed to be necessary to gain experience and
knowledge in this world. That is why Filipinos education is an important investment to
be given to their children. Like the other family, the Rizal regarded education
important as viewed that all of them went and graduated their chosen paths of the
educational field.
In his education as a member of the Illustrados, it is tedious. Teaching with a whip is
a well-known method during those times. Knowledge is forces in the minds of the
students of course with the use of whips. Of which is found to be effective during
those times.
2.1 THE FIRST TEACHERS
Teodora was considered as Pepe’s first teacher. He taught the basics to him.
Teaching the basic means of learning the 4Rs (Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic, and
Religion). But Dona Teodora according to Pepe’s memoirs, focus on teaching him
how to read and pray humbly to God.
She was viewed as a patient and understanding. In the process, Dona Teodora
discovered the talent of Pepe on poetry. According to her, she encourages Pepe on
making poems to break the monotonous process of memorization and to develop his
creativity and imagination. As Pepe grew older Dona Teodora reaches its limit of
teaching his son and find the need to hire a tutor to give him lessons at home.
Pepe’s parents employed private tutor, first is Maestro Celestino, second is Maestro
Lucas Padua and the latter is the classmate of his father Maestro Leon Monroy.
Maestro Monroy is old and stayed with them in the duration, but unfortunately, he did
not live long and died after five months.
It was the death of Maestro Monroy, Don Francisco, and Dona Teodora decided to
send Pepe to a private school in Binan, Laguna of which he will be living in the
house of his aunt. He was accompanied by Paciano going to Binan using a
carromata, this is the first time that Pepe left his home. It was a Sunday afternoon of
June 1869, after saying his farewell to his parents and sisters they left.
46 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Social Science Discipline
2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
2.2 FORMAL EDUCATION
SCHOOL AT BINAN
In his first day at Binan, Pepe was accompanied by his brother going to Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz, of which is only 30 meters away to the house of his aunt and
cousin Leandro. On his first day, he brawls with the son of the maestro, Pedro.
Though he is not in to fight he never backs off in any fight. Jose has learned the art
of wrestling with his uncle Manuel the brother of Dona Teodora.
He also learned to paint with his classmate Jose Guevarra. They were taught by
Juancho the father-in-law of the schoolteacher. The good thing about it is it has
freely been given to them.
In his academic studies in Binan, he gradually and steadily became the best student.
He surpasses them all and finished his schooling after 1 and ½ years. He returned to
Calamba after his graduation boarding the steamer “TALIM” of which he knew by a
letter coming from his sister Saturnina. Onboard was his father’s friend “Arturo
Camps” who took care of him.
The 11 years old Pepe studied higher education at the Ateneo de Municipal, under to
supervision of the Jesuits, Society of Jesus. On June 10, 1872, Pepe accompanied
again by Paciano to take entrance exams in the College of San Juan de Letran, but
unfortunately, he was not admitted.
Returning to Calamba for the fiesta celebration, Pepe again went to Manila to take
the exam in Ateneo. At first Fr. Magin Fernando, the college registrar refused the
admittance. Based on 2 reasons; 1. Late for registration, 2. He is sickly and
underaged. But thankfully with the intercession of Manuel Burgos the nephew of Fr.
Burgos of GOMBURZA, he was accepted.
It was located in Intramuros. He first boarded outside Ateneo. The Jesuit educational
system of education was more advanced than that of other students. Two groups of
students who are studying in Ateneo. The Roman Empire is considered the internos
or the students that were boarding inside. The Carthaginian Empire are the students
who are staying outside the Ateneo (externos).
After 4 years Jose graduated with the highest honors at the head of his class. He
stayed at Ateneo from 1872 to 1877. On his commemoration on March 23, 1877, he
received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Letters. At the age of 16,
he graduated with his first degree.
47 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Social Science Discipline Social Science Discipline
2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City 2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118 Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118

2.3 MEDICAL STUDIES

In his study in Ateneo, Jose Rizal transferred to the University of Sto. Tomas, but
continued his vocational course at Ateneo in surveying. He took a medical course,
which is run by the Dominican Friars.
In 1877, He began his medical journey. In which he sees the different ways on the
means of the Jesuit and Dominican. He perceived the Dominican to be biased, the
Filipino students were discriminated against the Spaniards and lastly, the method of
teaching is “obsolete and repressive.”
Let’s Check
Let’s Check 2.1 Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to
test your knowledge and understanding with the following activities and
exercises to know how deep your comprehension and knowledge in this Unit
ULO-2. Is Recreate the Family Tree of Dr. Jose Rizal.

After four (4) years he finished his medical course. From 1879 to 1892, He studied
and finished his course, though failed to get the highest honors. Yet dedicated to
pursuing further studies in other countries.

SELF-HELP
You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lessons:

Maghuyop, R. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing
House Inc.

48 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal 49 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Social Science Discipline Social Science Discipline
2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City 2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118 Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118

Let’s Check 2.2 Fill in the Blanks Write the answer on the space provided
Let’s Analyze

___________1 . The only brother of Dr. Jose Rizal

___________2 Jose is the ___ child of Don Francisco.
___________3 She is the youngest sister of Paciano and Jose.
___________4 The Maestro of Jose in Binan, Laguna
___________5 Jose is only ___ years old, when he first wrote his first poem.
___________6 The birthplace of Jose Rizal.
___________7 Domingo Lamco was married to a lady who lives in Manila.
___________8 She is considered as the first teacher of our national hero.
___________9 The classmate of Don Francisco who taught Jose Spanish & Latin.
Let’s Analyze 2.1 In a historical approach, such as what we use in the course, knowing
relevant facts simply is not enough. A deeper analysis is also necessary to have a clearer
grasps of the stories (kwento). Likewise, generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories
(kwento) is essential in making the study more personal. I now require you to answer the
following items thoroughly.
1. The colorful ancestry of Rizal did not just contain names of long-dead people; it also tells
of the influences that our hero inherited from his forebears. What, in your understanding,
was the biggest influence of his paternal ancestry to the Rizal that we know?
_________________________________________________________________________

___________10 The brother of Dona Teodora.

_________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Check 2.3 Matching Type: Match column A to column B. Write the Letter in the
space provided. _________________________________________________________________________

Column A Column B
1. Calamba, Laguna A The maestro of Pepe who died _________________________________________________________________________
2. Biñan, Laguna B School governed by the Jesuit
3. Ateneo de Municipal C The professor of Pepe during his senior year
4. Santa Isabel College D The winning poem of Jose Rizal _________________________________________________________________________
5. Carthagian Empire E The lover of Jose in Paris
6. Fr. Francisco Sanchez F The ancestry line of Doña Teodora
7.La Juventud Filipina G Friend of Segunda Katigbak _________________________________________________________________________
8. University of Santo Tomas H The poem written by Jose when he is 8.
9. Saturnina I The first Formal schooling of Jose occurred
10.Rajha Lakandula J Externos _________________________________________________________________________
11.Nelly Busted K Internos
12. Leonor Rivera L Where Jose took private lesson in Spanish
13. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo M Known as Taimas
_________________________________________________________________________
14. Roman Empire N Oldest sister of Paciano
15.Leon Munroy O School governed by Dominicans
P Mercado’s residence
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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