Merged Sim

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Social Science Discipline Social Science Discipline

2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City 2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118 Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
of the program head. However alternative BIG PICTURE A

assessments given should be relevant with the
learning outcome of the course. Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes 1 (ULO 1):
Library Contact Details Brigida E. Bacani At the end of the unit, you are expected to
Phone: 082 305-0645/ 082 227-5456 (ask to connect a. Discuss the historical background of the Rizal Law;
to the office of LIC Head) b. Examine the condition of life in the 19th Century Philippines; and
c. Analyze the foundations of Filipino national identity.
Well-being Welfare Zerdszen Rañises
Support Help Desk GSTC (Guidance Services and Testing Center)
Contact Details Phone: 082 305-0645/ 082 227-5456 (ask to connect BIG PICTURE in Focus
to the office of the GSTC Facilitator or GSTC Head) A. Discuss the historical background of Rizal Law
B.
Course Information - see/download course syllabus in the Black Board LMS
METALANGUAGE
Instructor: Hello everyone! Welcome to this course GE 6 – Rizal’s Life and In this section, the essential terms relevant to the study of the Life and Works of Dr.
Works. It is required by no less than the law for everyone to study Jose Rizal and to the ULO-1 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal. But beyond this requirement, it understand terms that you will encounter in this course. As we go through the study
has always been our duty as citizens of the country to know our of the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal, please be guided of the following terms and
history and remember the people who fought for our freedom. We understand its concepts and ideas.
are all enjoined to rekindle in our hearts the passion and love for
our motherland and to be grateful for the sacrifices that men like 1. Republic Act 1425: THE RIZAL LAW
Rizal did for our freedom.  An act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools,
colleges and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose
CO: As students of this course, you are expected to manifest in your Rizal, particularly his novels Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
study some basic knowledge about the historical background authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
related to the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal. To truly appreciate
2. Executive Order no. 75
what he did and the nationalism that people so admired about him,
 A law mandating the creation of the National Heroes Committee (NHC)
even more than knowing about his colorful life, we are enjoined to to evaluate national personalities who made impact on Philippine
learn about the Rizal Law, the 19th Century Context, the very History.
concept of Filipino Nationalism, his two novels and other writings,
and his life and times. Hence, in this course you are expected to 3. Nationalism
LEARN, READ, KNOW, ENJOY and REFLECT on the life and  a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others
works of Dr. Jose Rizal. More than this, you are expected to and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests
analyze these in view of their meaning and significance to our as opposed to those of other nations
present time. Lastly, you are expected to actively perform in all or supranational groups(https://www.merriam-
assessments and other tasks in the course. webster.com/dictionary/nationalism)
Without further ado, LET’S GO. PARA SA BAYAN! 4. Republic
8 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal 9 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
 A democratic government system where the leaders of the country is On April 19, 1956, the House of Representatives a house bill was passed namely HB
chosen through election and the leaders rule through distinct given 5561, led by Cong. Jacobo Gonzales passed a similar bill that was aligned with the
authority that is commonly been checked by other offices of the proposed bill of the senate of which we now know as the RA 1425.
government.
Many controversies and arguments had been covered in this bill. Just as in our
present situation of the passed Reproductive Health Law that the Catholic Church
5. Anticlericalism
and some conservatives go against its passing. The Catholic Church threatened to
 in Roman Catholicism, opposition to the clergy for its real or alleged close done their schools if it will be passed but it was refuted by Sen. Recto that it
influence in political and social affairs, for its doctrinairism, for its will be impossible for the Catholic Church to close down their schools for it is so
privileges or property, or for any other reason. (Britannica.com) profitable and said that the government will just nationalize the educational system of
the country.
On the later part, on May 12, 1956, on the approval of the SB 438, the senate
Essential Knowledge
compromised or bend on saying that the implementation of the reading of the
unexpurgated versions of clerically-contested reading material, such as Noli Me
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 1) for the first week of Tangere and El Filibusterismo will only be for the college or university students and it
this course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that will is optional.
be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that you are not limited
with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize other books,
research articles, online sources and other resources available in the university’s 1.2 THE NATIONAL HERO
library e.g., elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc.
If you are going to be asked, “Who is the national hero of the Philippines?” probably
the one that will pop your mind is Dr. Jose Rizal; but in a nutshell, IT IS NOT. It is
I
untraceable of when, where, and how it begins that the national hero of our country
Rizal Law (R.A. 1425)
is Dr. Rizal. True enough, He is one of our national heroes but not our national hero.
It is deemed necessary to discuss the origin and passing of the Rizal Law. It
becomes the basis of implementation and addition of the subjects Rizal, the Life, and The National Heroes Committee under the office of the president was created
the works of Dr. Jose Rizal. The RA 1425 is the law that enacts the teaching of the through an Executive Order no.75 of Pres. Fidel V. Ramos. Its principal duty as a
Books, Writings, Ideology, and Life of Dr. Jose Rizal as a way of teaching committee is to study, evaluate, and recommend Filipino national heroes based on
Nationalism and Patriotism with the students on the higher education. its contribution, recognition, character, and remarkable achievements for our country
and as a person.
1.1 RIZAL LAW (RA 1425)
Based on it, though Dr. Jose Rizal’s credentials deemed to pass all criteria, He is not
Rizal Law was approved on June 12, 1956, is an act of mandating all public and known to be the national hero of the Republic of the Philippines. He is known as one
private institutions including state colleges and universities to include Dr. Jose of the national heroes of the Philippines. According to NCCA, No law, executive
Rizal’s life, works, and writings as a course across programs. But before it became order, or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino
law some provisions (House Bill and Senate Bill) are passed. historical figure as a National Hero.” But there are some heroes we commemorate
like Dr. Jose Rizal and Gat. Andres Bonifacio that specific dates are places for them
Senator Claro M. Recto was the main proponent of the Bill that is in the Senate, as a remembrance and known to be a national holiday.
known to be Noli-Fili Bill or Senate Bill 438 (SB 438). Senator Jose P. Laurel, Sr.,
the chairman of the Committee on Education Sponsored the Bill in the senate. As
part of the oppositions, the Roman Catholic Church is against it due to the 1.3 Philippine National Literature
censorships of the novels of Dr. Jose Rizal that seems to attack the Catholic Church.
Even though oppositions voiced their concerns it was approved in the Senate on Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal are considered as a literary treasure. Most significantly his
May 12, 1956. books Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are used as the basis on how to
perceive the scenario of the Filipinos during the Spanish Colonization. On the other
hand, he had a third novel not published the MAKAMISA.
Relation of the Philippine nationalism and literature was joined in a paradoxical Let’s Check
notion in the literary sense due to its embodiment of the Filipino culture and the mix
up of other cultures in that creates a new identity for us Filipinos. Where we see the
life and its dynamics in view of the Spanish Era; also, we see the exercise of
Activity 1.1 Now that you know the essential terms and historical background on the course
authority that was shown in these novels which differ in concept.
on the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal; Let us try to check your understanding by defining
the following terms.
Noli Me Tangere is a romantic novel that talks about the love of Crisostomo Ibarra to
Maria Clara and its tragic events that unfold on the political and religious flow of the
plots that unfolded in every page of the novel. Next is the El Filibusterismo that
tackled the revenge of the alter ego of Crisostomo (Simoun) who would wage war a. Bill ________________________________________________
against Spain to get his dreamed revenge of all the hardships he encountered and ________________________________________________
lastly the Makamisa, which was not published, that dealt with the usage of the
virtues, practices, and defects of the Tagalogs. b. Law ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Literary pieces pave the way as a reminder of the past and what we should do as a
nation that tries to do its best to be better people and citizens. c. EO ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
d. RA 1425 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
e. SB 438 ________________________________________________
SELF-HELP
________________________________________________
You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
f. HB 5561 ________________________________________________
understand the lessons:
________________________________________________
g. Claro M. Recto ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Maghuyop, R. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing
House Inc. h. EO 75 ________________________________________________
CHAPTER 1 (Rizal Law, Literature, and Society) ________________________________________________
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republic-act-no-1425/ - RA 1425 i. National Hero ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
j. Makamisa ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
BIG PICTURE in Focus

Essential Knowledge
B. Examine the condition of life in the 19th Century Philippines.
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 1) for the second
(2nd) week of this course, you need to fully understand the following essential
METALANGUAGE knowledge that will be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that
you are not limited with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize
other books, research articles, online sources and other resources available in the
In this section, the essential terms relevant to the study of the Life and Works of Dr. university’s library e.g., elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc.
Jose Rizal and to the ULO-1 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
understand terms that you will encounter in this course. As we go through the study Socio Political and Economic Condition in the Spanish Era
of the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal, please be guided of the following terms and
understand its concepts and ideas. During the Spanish Era, the political, economic, and sociological condition far
differed on what is present. During those times the prominent political figures who
1. Nationalism
held important offices of the state were the Spaniards. The one who holds the
 a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others economic growth and prosperity of a society or person was in the hands of the few. It
and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests is important to understand the difference and use it as a lens to closely comprehend
as opposed to those of other nations the situation of our ancestors during the Spanish regime of which we are enslaved
or supranational groups(https://www.merriam- for more than 300 years.
webster.com/dictionary/nationalism)
2. Industrialization 2.1 SOCIO POLITICAL SYSTEM

 The establishments and development of mechanized manufacturing
that begins the industrial and technological revolution. One of the biggest questions asked is “what was the political system that is followed
during the Spanish Era?” it is a curious question that entails scrutiny in the matter of
3. Monarchy
comprehending the possible abuses and challenges of our beloved country during
 A government system where a family or a king or a queen governs those times.
everything and where all power is concentrated to a single person that
everyone is his/her subject and proclaimed rules and appointments It is not new to us that most of the Filipinos (Indios) at that time was known to be at
must be followed. The succession will be the son or daughter or the the lowest level of the hierarchy. Considered as “Nothing on his/her own country.”
closes next of kin. Spain reigned over the Philippines for 330 years from 1565 to 1898. Since Spain
4. Anticlericalism was a far country, the King of Spain sent representatives to govern.
 in Roman Catholicism, opposition to the clergy for its real or alleged Before the existence of Governador Henerals, the Philippines was under the Viceroy
influence in political and social affairs, for its doctrinairism, for its of Mexico who reported directly to the King of Spain, but after the liberation of
privileges or property, or for any other reason. (Britannica.com) Mexico around 1821, the Governador General reported directly to the King of Spain.
5. Mestizos Hence, Spain established a centralized colonial government of which was divided
 A hybrid notion of a person whose blood is coming from two different into the National and Local Governments led by the Governador General.
origins, like Chinese Mestizo, Spanish Mestizo (Half-Chinese, half-
The National Government maintained the peace and order of the colony, collect
Filipino or Half-Spaniards).
taxes and do developmental projects for the colony like building schools and other
6. Indios
public works; on the other hand, the Local Government Unit of Spain was divided
 Referred name of the Spaniards to Filipino Natives that has a negative into 2 the Alcadia (Alcalde Mayor) and Corrigimento (Corregidor) the one that
meaning and perception. governed a province that was not fully been controlled by Spain.
supervise collection of taxes.

2.1 The Political System -enjoyed the privilege of Galleon Trade
POSITION/ FUNCTION LEVEL - Corrigidor, governs the province that was not
OFFICES Local:
Corregimiento fully been subjugated
-Highest Rank Provincial
-enjoyed the privillage of Galleon Trade
-King’s Representative -little governors, they are the one who governed
-Implements Royal Decrees the towns in the provinces. Of which is aided by
lieutenants (chief lieutenant, police lieutenant,
-Had the power to dismiss -and appoint public Field lieutenant and Livestock lieutenant Local:
officials Gobernadorcillo
Gobernador -exempted from taxes Provincial
National
General -collect taxes
- a native or mestizo at least 25 years old and
-exercise legislative power literate
-requirement must be a peninsulares (a person -Barangay Captain, responsible for peace and Local:
should be born in Spain). order of the barrio and recruit men for public
Cabeza de
works. Provincial
Barangay
- should be literate in Spanish City
-It is a judicial court that investigates and check
Residencia National
the performance of the Governador General - large towns who became cities.
-A visitor coming from Spain and report its -had a city council called CABILDO.
Vista National Local:
findings to the king of Spain.
Ayuntamiento Alcalde (mayor), Regidores( councilors)
- serve as an advisor to the Governador General City
Alguacil Mayor (Police Chief)
-had the power to check and report abuses
Escribado (Scribe)
Royal Audiencia -audit the expenditures of the colony National
-sent annual report to Spain. 2.2 ABUSES AND CHALLENGES
-highest court of the colony The 19th century was an era of growth and innovation; the idea of industrialization
became most popular during this period. The essence of democracy and nationalism
-Alcalde Mayor, govern the provinces that was inspired numerous revolutionaries to promote changes in the fields of science,
fully been subjugated. technology, economics, and politics. The Philippines in the 19th century remained
Local: primitive despite the emerging marks of growth. The government, occupied by self-
Alcadia -managed the day to day operations of the indulgent people, remained deaf and blind to the people’s cry of injustice and
Provincial
province suffering.
-implemented laws from the National and The social & economic systems of the country remained reliant on the feudalistic
patterns, which fuelled racial discrimination and division based on the status quo.
They imported to the Philippines the idea of liberalism from the West and promoted censored by the friars for fear that the knowledge would expose the injustices that
innovation in how the Filipino viewed the country as a whole. had been going on in the country.
The product of Spanish colonization which upheld the landholding system brought by Government intervention in school is nonexistent; hence, schools could freely add or
the arrival of the conquistador made the Philippines feudalistic in setup. Dominion omit topics in their curricula. Knowledge was measured in terms of the ability of the
toward the land owned was practiced wherein the authority and power resided in the students to memorize, largely hampering intellectual progress.
hands of the wealthy few. Hence, there was a huge gap between the landlords and
their tenants. Keeping the Filipinos under the Spanish control demanded intellectual isolation and
extreme dogmatic manipulation by the friars. Hence, selected parts of the Philippines
Spanish occupation shaped the social structure of the Philippines. It made the
had the required schools for education like Manila, Cebu, Jaru, Nueva Caceres, and
Philippines embraced the master-slave relationship allowing the elites to hold the
Nueva Segovia. Also, Censorship of books and teaching materials that might defy
Indios captive.
the church and the Spanish government.
People who ran the country lacked qualifications, skills, and leadership traits. The
government at the administrative level was occupied by appointed people who held
office following their selfish motives. The results of such actions were injustice, lack 2.4 19TH CENTURY CHALLENGES
of coordination among officials, and increased financial abuses.
The spread of industrialization marked the fame of democracy, liberalism, and
After spending much time and money to obtain their royal appointment, many nationalism. These ideologies were promoted as the industries in the world in the
officials exploited their office and its wide powers to recover their expenses and 19th-century developed.
enrich themselves. Officials who sought to advance their interest did so by collecting
higher taxes than the usual. High price (indulto para comerciar) Mankind’s advancement in the field of science, technology, physics, and chemistry
resulted in the creation of a community embracing a life of ease caused by
The alcalde who was also the provincial judge controlled a court loaded with biases technology. The massive usage of new types of machinery was the trademark of
in favor of the mischievous deeds of the Spaniards. This led to the closure of industrialization. It is the beginning of a new era that evolves in the revolution of
numerous businesses owned by some natives, increasing the number of the poor in technology and science.
the country.
Pope Leo XIII opposed the unification of liberals in Italy. Meanwhile, in Spain, the
Natives were limited in their participation in the government. Their responsibilities liberals considered the Church an enemy of the reforms. Anticlericalism became a
were not compensated adequately, and this often led to the poor performance of hot topic in the 19th century because if the increase in people’s materialistic views
their jobs. Collected money from the other natives was not used to improve a certain brought about by economic prosperity and the desire for freedom. Rerum Novarum
province they ran, but it was gained for the self- betterment of the officials. The called for just treatment within the labor sector but condemned Marxism and
existence of dishonest gobernadorcillo made the position attractive to some men. promoted social justice, which was in line with the church’s doctrines.
Injustices prevailed as homes of the natives were searched without warrants; people
were convicted and exiled for being filibusters; books, magazines, and any other
written materials could not be published and introduced into the country without the III
prior approval of the Board of Censors. Organized assemblies and any other political Displacement of Cultural Roots and Dr. Rizal’s Nationalism
meetings initiated by Indios are prohibited. The poor were often declared guilty
without the due process of law. Merits of cases were simply based on money, race,
and links with influential people. An example is Dona Teodora’s life in prison. Cultural displacement is one of the consequences if a nation was conquered. The
displacements of our ancestry beget one thing, a gradual loss of our authentic
Churches could interact and take part in the proceedings of the state. They were identity. This effect caused us to be influenced of the conqueror’s ideology, practices
influential, manipulating the Indios to abide by the state’s laws as it pleased God. and traditions consequently mixing up or forgetting our own identity. This colonial
Christianity was a tool of colonizing countries.
effect was known to be “cultural hybridity.” Hence it is important to study our
2.3 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM nationalistic heart.
The Philippines' educational system during those times was pitiable and limited to
the wealthy few. Intellectual growth can be seen in the middle class and was always
3.1 NATIONALISM
SELF-HELP
Nationalism is defined as the loyalty and devotion towards its own nation; You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
furthermore, it was defined as a sense of national consciousness putting the nation understand the lessons:
as the priority than other things, emphasizing on promoting the nation’s culture and
influence.
Jose Rizal promoted nationalism in his existence in the world. He believed that the
Maghuyop, R. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House
lack of national sentiments brings forth the destruction of the nation. It was the evil Inc.
that gradually destroys one’s identity and freedom. As he said that “A man in the CHAPTER 2 (Socio-Political and Economic Conditions of the Philippines)
Philippines is only an individual, he was not a member of a nation. He was forbidden
and denied of the right of association and is therefore weak, Indolence of the Camagay, M.L. (2018). Unraveling the past: reading in Philippine history. Quezon City: Vibal
Group.
Filipino.” De Viana, A., et. al. (2018). Jose Rizal: social reformer and patriot. A study of his life and
times. Manila: Rex Bookstore.
Jose Rizal was viewed as a gallant example of a person who loves his country. He is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAkPBPpzuF8 – Philippines in the 19th Century
studied and followed as a reflection on how to be nationalistic. He was perceived to
have these factors as a nationalistic person. First, he gave emphasis on the
importance of Tagalog Language. He preserved some of our cultural traits and
practices. He was open to criticize the Friars. He defended Filipino Rights and used
his pen to convey the love for his country.
3.2 INDIGENOUS DISPLACEMENTS
In showing one’s nationality, respect with our ancestral tribe is necessary. Our
ancestry and Tribes held our cultural traits and practices that identify us a unique
with the other nations. With this, it is important to note an alarming situation that is
happening until the present that began rampantly during the Spanish Period and that
is Indigenous Displacement. It is where our ancestors are displaced with their own
land in the mountains and disrupted their simple and peaceful way of living.
An alarming situation that needs attention, this displacement of cultural roots is in

many forms, but the consequence is always the same. The result will always be the
gradual loss of our cultural roots and hopefully not destruction of our authentic
Filipino identity.
5. Who served as the Military Vice General of the Islands the Spanish-era
Let’s Check
Philippines?
a. Cabo Segundo
b. Visitador General
Activity 1.2 Knowing the specific details gives a more precise grasp of the bigger picture.
Now let us check how well you remember data presented in the discussion above. Underline c. Intendant General
the letter of your chosen answer in the following multiple-choice questions. d. Bishop of Manila
1. The feudal system brought by the Spaniards to the Philippines was an

6. For which reason was the Cabo Segundo office created?
epitome of equality and justice.
a. To assist the Captain General in his office.
a. Yes, because everyone – the encomendero, the designated officials
and the workers – received benefits commensurate to their capital or b. To enforce the Captain General’s orders to the alcaldia.
labor. c. The school should educate the child to attain the basic
b. Yes, because although only the encomendero and the designated knowledge necessary to understand the real world outside.
officials enjoyed economic benefits, the workers still received the d. The school should provide the student with assistance in his
protection of the former two. journey toward self-realization.
c. No, because only the encomendero and the designated official enjoyed
benefits commensurate to their capital or work. 7. Which task was not exercised of the Real Audiencia?
d. No, because what actually happened was that the encomendero a. Functioned as the Supreme Court of the Islands
preyed on the designated officials while the designated officials preyed b. Appointed the next Captain General
on the workers. c. Advised the Captain General on legal matters
d. Took charge of the government upon the death of the Captain
2. Which is the correct hierarchy during the 19th century Philippine society? General up until the successor arrived
a. Insulares – Peninsulares – Mestizo – Ilustrado - Indio
b. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Indio - Muslim 8. Who was appointed the highest judge of the Real Audiencia?
c. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Principalia - Indio a. Oidores
d. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Muslim - Indio b. Attorney-General
c. Constable
d. Captain General
3. The political system during the Spanish colonial period was a centralized
machinery. 9. Which depicts the correct hierarchy of local government officials during the
a. False. There were robust and functioning local governments that Spanish-era Philippines?
enjoyed semi-autonomy from the Captain General. a. Gobernadorcillo - Alcalde Mayor - Capitan-Municipal - Cabeza de Barangay
b. False. The head of each Captaincy General operated independent b. Alcalde Mayor – Gobernadorcillo – Corregidor – Cabeza de Barangay
of other Captaincies. c. Alcalde Mayor – Corregidor – Gobernadorcillo – Capitan Municipal.
c. True. All local governments answered to their respective Captain d. Alcalde Mayor – Corregidor – Capitan Municipal – Cabeza de Barangay
General who, in turn, ultimately reported to their respective
Viceroy. 10. The following were main causes of the problems in the 19th century Philippine
d. True. Everything was directed from the monarchy in Spain. All political system, except:
Viceroys answer to the sitting monarch. a. the appointed nature of officials
b. the fact that high ranking officials were members of Spanish nobility
4. In which capacity did the Captain General exercise executive authority? c. the hierarchy was not strictly followed
a. As President of the Real Audiencia d. the fact that ecclesiastics proved to be more powerful than the
b. As the Governor of the Islands government officials
c. As the Vice Patron of the Islands
d. As General of the armed forces
11. Which role of the political setup contributed more to the encomienda system
being abusive? Let’s Analyze
a. the institution of the tribute system and forced labor
b. the duty of the alcalde mayor to collect taxes
c. the privilege given to the alcalde mayor to engage in trade Let’s Analyze 1.2 Getting acquainted with the terms and concept used in the Rizal
d. the fact that the alcalde mayor served both as the administrator Law and its background is not enough. One must deepen its understanding, hence I
and judge will require you to explain thoroughly your answers on the following questions.
1. During the time of Rizal there were a lot of abuses in the Administrative System.
12. The following are true about the 19th century Philippine educational Please cite 2 government or societal abuses/corrupt practices which exist today
system, except: and your recommendations to eradicate these practices.
a. Initially, formal education was only about Roman Catholicism, the ____________________________________________________________________
purpose was to convert the natives to the faith, and the first ____________________________________________________________________
teachers were friars. ____________________________________________________________________
b. Later on, secular subjects were offered specifically in the ____________________________________________________________________
secondary and tertiary levels. ____________________________________________________________________
c. The system discriminated against the natives. ____________________________________________________________________
d. Men were prioritized for higher education compared to women. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
13. Upon whose order the 1863 reform in education proceeded? 2. How did the challenges of the 19th century contribute to the building of nationalism
a. Isabella II in the country?
b. Minister Segismundo Moret
c. Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre
d. Fray Francisco Rivas ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
14. Considered to be an engineering feat, what transpired in 1869 that ___________________________________________________________________
made trading even faster and more widespread? ___________________________________________________________________
a. Building of the largest factory complex that utilized steam ___________________________________________________________________
b. Invention of telegraph ___________________________________________________________________
c. Improvement of the sanitation system ___________________________________________________________________
d. opening of the Suez Canal ___________________________________________________________________
15. Which is considered the catalyst for the downfall of many kingdoms and
empires and even of the temporal powers of the Church? 3. Comparing the socio-political and economic conditions between the 19th century
a. The defeat of Napoleon in Waterloo and the contemporary Philippine society, how much have changed really?
b. The French Revolution
c. Marx and Engel’s Manifesto
d. The abolition of slavery __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
DO YOU HAVE SOME QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO

Q & A LIST WRITE IT HERE! BIG PICTURE in Focus
c. Analyze the foundations of Filipino national identity.
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS / ANSWERS
ISSUES
1. METALANGUAGE
In this section, the essential terms relevant to the study of the Life and Works of Dr.
Jose Rizal and to the ULO-1 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
2. understand terms that you will encounter in this course. As we go through the study
understand its concepts and ideas.
1. Nationalism
 a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others
3. and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests
as opposed to those of other nations
or supranational groups(https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/nationalism)
2. Industrialization
 The establishments and development of mechanized manufacturing
that begins the industrial and technological revolution.
3. Anticlericalism
 in Roman Catholicism, opposition to the clergy for its real or alleged
KEYWORDS INDEX influence in political and social affairs, for its doctrinairism, for its
privileges or property, or for any other reason. (Britannica.com)
4. Cultural Hybridity
Industrialization Idealism  conqueror’s ideology, practices and traditions consequently mixed up with
our own identity.
Anticlericalism Cavite Mutiny
5. Cultural Displacement
 A Phenomenon where a conqueror nation set aside its own cultural
Nationalism Reform
and embracing the conqueror’s traditions and customs that resulted to
a lost cultural identify.
Governor-General Indio
Spanish Friars Mestizos
III An alarming situation that needs attention, this displacement of cultural roots is in
Displacement of Cultural Roots and Dr. Rizal’s Nationalism many forms, but the consequence is always the same. The result will always be the
gradual loss of our cultural roots and hopefully not destruction of our authentic
Cultural displacement is one of the consequences if a nation was conquered. The Filipino identity.
displacements of our ancestry beget one thing, a gradual loss of our authentic
identity. This effect caused us to be influenced of the conqueror’s ideology, practices
and traditions consequently mixing up or forgetting our own identity. This colonial
effect was known to be “cultural hybridity.” Hence it is important to study our
nationalistic heart. SELF-HELP
3.1 NATIONALISM
Nationalism is defined as the loyalty and devotion towards its own nation;
furthermore, it was defined as a sense of national consciousness putting the nation
House Inc.
as the priority than other things, emphasizing on promoting the nation’s culture and CHAPTER 3 (Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism)
influence. CHAPTER 4 (Rizal’s Social Origin and Historical Context)
Camagay, M.L. (2018). Unraveling the past: reading in Philippine history. Quezon
Jose Rizal promoted nationalism in his existence in the world. He believed that the City: Vibal Group.
lack of national sentiments brings forth the destruction of the nation. It was the evil
that gradually destroys one’s identity and freedom. As he said that “A man in the
Philippines is only an individual, he was not a member of a nation. He was forbidden
and denied of the right of association and is therefore weak, Indolence of the
Filipino.”
Jose Rizal was viewed as a gallant example of a person who loves his country. He is
studied and followed as a reflection on how to be nationalistic. He was perceived to
have these factors as a nationalistic person. First, he gave emphasis on the
importance of Tagalog Language. He preserved some of our cultural traits and
practices. He was open to criticize the Friars. He defended Filipino Rights and used
his pen to convey the love for his country.
3.3 INDIGENOUS DISPLACEMENTS
In showing one’s nationality, respect with our ancestral tribe is necessary. Our
ancestry and Tribes held our cultural traits and practices that identify us a unique
with the other nations. With this, it is important to note an alarming situation that is
happening until the present that began rampantly during the Spanish Period and that
is Indigenous Displacement. It is where our ancestors are displaced with their own
land in the mountains and disrupted their simple and peaceful way of living.
Let’s Check 1.4 Matching Type: match the best suited answer for the column A and
Let’s Check from the choices in the Column B.
Column A Column B
Let’s Check 1.3 True or False: Write True is the statement is correct and False is
1. we define patriotism as “love for or devotion to
the statement is wrong. Read carefully the following statements. one’s country” and is focused on bravery and duty. a. Political Nationalism
For example,
2. For Jose Rizal the lack of nationalism was the evil b. Example: Filipino soldiers defended
1. One of the reasons why Philippines is easily been conquered is the tribal
that gradually destroyed one’s identity and freedom. their country by fighting the Maute
conflicts before the Spanish came Thus, he said guerillas in Marawi City
2. According to the Post-colonial theory, one of the consequences of being 3. Preferring to buy Filipino products and preferring to
c. he preferred the PEN and people's
colonize is modernization and adaptation of the new set of rules. work in the Philippines rather than abroad is what
organizations to fight for freedom
type of nationalism?
3. Jose Rizal is known to be the influencer of Bonifacio in terms of Nationalism.
4. Fighting for the protection of the rights of our
4. Nationalism is the concept or a virtue of loving your own country. countrymen (workers, farmers, women, children, d. Economic Nationalism
5. One of the major concerns of tribes in the Philippines is the ancestral PWDs, senior citizens) is an example of
displacement. Good thing the Philippine government declared their land to be 5. nationalism is “loyalty and devotion to a nation. also
includes “exalting one nation above all others and
a business domain for development and preservation.
placing primary emphasis on promotion of its e. Negritos and Malays
6. One of the effect of colonial hybridity is being conquered. culture and interests as opposed to those of other
nations or supranational groups. For example?
7. One of the aim of cultural displacement is to locate and preserve the ancertral
6. f. Example: The President protected
history of the Philippines as advocated by Dr. Jose Rizal.
local (Filipino) products by imposing
Jose Rizal did not prefer the sword as the tool to
8. It is believed that tagalog would be the best suited language to be learned by taxes on imported foreign products to
achieve independence but
ensure the growth of Filipino companies
the natives. and workers.
9. The issue in displaced ancestry and culture is resolved after the spanish era.
7. Nationalism as a word is preferably applied in g. he preferred the PEN and people's
10. Cultural displacement is an issue exclusive in the Philippine history and political movements/organizations. For example? organizations to fight for freedom
society. 8. h. Example: The natives fought for
independence from Spain; This
They are the earliest settlers in the Philippines. organization is fighting against the
corruption of Government officials who
stole money from the people
9. i. Hospitality, Close family ties, Respect

What is Jose Rizal's belief with regard to the lack of
for elders, Pakikisama, Hardwork,
nationalism and its effect to the country.
Education, Bayanihan
10. j. A man in the Philippines is only an

individual, he is not a member of a
Some common Filipino traits are: nation.” He is forbidden and denied of
the right of association and is therefore
weak.
DO YOU HAVE SOME QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO

Q & A LIST WRITE IT HERE BIG PICTURE-B
Week 4-6: Unit Learning Outcome (ULO 2): At the end of the unit, you are
expected to
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS / ANSWERS
ISSUES a. Assess the social origin and be enabled to understand the social
origins of Jose Rizal and its historical context.
1.
b. Discuss the mode of education during the 19th Century and be able
2. to understand the importance of education.
c. Rationalize the connection on the historical and cultural context in
3. Dr. Jose Rizal’s mission on freedom through education and travels
around the world.
KEYWORDS INDEX BIG PICTURE in Focus

a. Assess the social origin and be enabled to understand the social
origins of Jose Rizal and its historical context.
Nationalism Noli Me Tangere
b.
Makamisa El Filibusterismo
Industrialization Negritos and Malays METALANGUAGE
Culture Hybridity
In this section, the essential terms relevant to the study of the Life and Works of Dr.
Ancestry Colonialism Jose Rizal and to the ULO-2 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
understand terms that you will encounter in this course. As we go through the study
understand its concepts and ideas.
1. Genealogy
 technically referring to the tracing of the line of descent, in the text the
concept is basically referring to the ancestry of Dr. Rizal
2. polyglot
 someone who knows how to speak many languages
3. mercado
 a term that, back then, strictly refers to “trader” as opposed to the
prejudicial “sangley” that means “travelling trader”
4. ricial
 the term from which “Rizal” was taken. It literally means “leaves
sprouting again when wheat is cut while still green”
5. Bachelor of Arts
 equivalent to today’s high school diploma
1.2 Pepe’s Paternal Ancestry

Essential Knowledge
Lamco, a Chinese immigrant was the great-great-grandfather on his father's side. He

To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes - 2) for the fourth week came from Fukien City, China arrived at Manila around 1690. He became a Christian
of this course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that and married a lady named Ines de la Rosa and assumed a surname of Mercado in
will be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that you are not 1731. It was said he was honored with this surname due to its diligence and honesty
limited with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize other as a merchant in manila.
books, research articles, online sources and other resources available in the
university’s library e.g., elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc. Francisco was born, who resided at Binan, Laguna who later on became
a Gobernadorcillo and married to a Chinese mestiza namely Cirila Bernacha, and
was blessed with three children. Juan (Pepe’s Grandfather) married Cirila Alejandro
I who also became a gobernadorcillo of Binan. Juan and Cirila were also blessed of
Dr. Jose Rizal’s Ancestry and Origin 13 sons and a daughter of which Francisco Mercado (Pepe’s Father) was the
youngest.
At the age of 8 Francisco Mercado lost his father. He studied Latin and Philosophy in
To appreciate the life and work of Dr. Jose Rizal it is necessary to know his
the College of San Jose in Manila. While studying he met Teodora Alonso Realonda
genealogical background to understand his stand and point of view in his era that and fell in love with her, who studied at College of Sta. Rosa. They decided to get
many things have happened. He is known to be brilliant in mind and in action; hence, married on June 28, 1848 and settled at Calamba engaging in farming and business
it is necessary to go over his ancestry for reference. as their family is growing.
1.1 Dr. Jose “Pepe” Rizal 1.3 Pepe’s Maternal Ancestry

Dr. Jose Rizal is an example of a genius. He is known to be a polyglot, writer, poet,
doctor, scientist, painter, ethnologist, engineer, educator, and more to his resume, Bravery is one of the traits that Pepe and his brother Paciano were known. It was
but above all, he is well known for his Political Martyrdom in a fight for freedom and said that Dona Teodora was a descendant of Lakandula, the last native King of
Tondo; thus, providing a Filipino ancestry to the family of Rizal.
nationalism.
Her great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua a Japanese who married a Filipina
June 19, 1861, at moonlit of a Wednesday, Jose was born at Calamba, Laguna Benigna who gave birth to Regina. Regina was married to Manuel de Quintos, a
Province, Philippines. It was accounted that because of his big head her mother was lawyer from Pangasinan later had a daughter namely Brigida who married Lorenzo
in a near-death situation in the delivery. After a few days, he was baptized, on the Alberto Alonso, a Spanish-Filipino mestizo, whose children were Narcisa, Teodora
21st of that month. At least 3 days after the birth. (Pepe’s Mother), Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose. In the later part, Dona Teodora
Morales Alonso Realonda Mercado Rizal Y Quintos married Don Francisco Engracio
Alejandro, Rizal Mercado.
Fr. Rufino Collantes the parish priest of Calamba baptized him with the given name
of “Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda.” His godfather was Fr. Pedro The real surname of the Rizal is Mercado, which was adopted by Domingo Lamco in
Casanas. 1731. It was known to be their second surname, which was given by a Spanish
alcalde mayor who was a family friend in Laguna.
It should be noted that the Governador General of the Philippines during this time
was Lieutenant- General Jose Lemery (February 2, 1861 – July 7, 1862). He was a
member of the Spanish Cortes and was a Senator of Spain.
II 2.2 FORMAL EDUCATION

Dr. Jose Rizal’s Education in the Philippines
SCHOOL AT BINAN
Even in the present situation, education is highly considered as one of the key In his first day at Binan, Pepe was accompanied by his brother going to Maestro
factors for success. Education is deemed to be necessary to gain experience and Justiniano Aquino Cruz, of which is only 30 meters away to the house of his aunt and
knowledge in this world. That is why Filipinos education is an important investment to cousin Leandro. On his first day, he brawls with the son of the maestro, Pedro.
be given to their children. Like the other family, the Rizal regarded education Though he is not in to fight he never backs off in any fight. Jose has learned the art
important as viewed that all of them went and graduated their chosen paths of the of wrestling with his uncle Manuel the brother of Dona Teodora.
educational field.
He also learned to paint with his classmate Jose Guevarra. They were taught by
In his education as a member of the Illustrados, it is tedious. Teaching with a whip is Juancho the father-in-law of the schoolteacher. The good thing about it is it has
a well-known method during those times. Knowledge is forces in the minds of the freely been given to them.
students of course with the use of whips. Of which is found to be effective during In his academic studies in Binan, he gradually and steadily became the best student.
those times. He surpasses them all and finished his schooling after 1 and ½ years. He returned to
Calamba after his graduation boarding the steamer “TALIM” of which he knew by a
letter coming from his sister Saturnina. Onboard was his father’s friend “Arturo
2.1 THE FIRST TEACHERS Camps” who took care of him.
Teodora was considered as Pepe’s first teacher. He taught the basics to him.
Teaching the basic means of learning the 4Rs (Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic, and The 11 years old Pepe studied higher education at the Ateneo de Municipal, under to
Religion). But Dona Teodora according to Pepe’s memoirs, focus on teaching him supervision of the Jesuits, Society of Jesus. On June 10, 1872, Pepe accompanied
how to read and pray humbly to God. again by Paciano to take entrance exams in the College of San Juan de Letran, but
unfortunately, he was not admitted.
She was viewed as a patient and understanding. In the process, Dona Teodora
discovered the talent of Pepe on poetry. According to her, she encourages Pepe on Returning to Calamba for the fiesta celebration, Pepe again went to Manila to take
making poems to break the monotonous process of memorization and to develop his the exam in Ateneo. At first Fr. Magin Fernando, the college registrar refused the
creativity and imagination. As Pepe grew older Dona Teodora reaches its limit of admittance. Based on 2 reasons; 1. Late for registration, 2. He is sickly and
teaching his son and find the need to hire a tutor to give him lessons at home. underaged. But thankfully with the intercession of Manuel Burgos the nephew of Fr.
Burgos of GOMBURZA, he was accepted.
Pepe’s parents employed private tutor, first is Maestro Celestino, second is Maestro
Lucas Padua and the latter is the classmate of his father Maestro Leon Monroy. It was located in Intramuros. He first boarded outside Ateneo. The Jesuit educational
Maestro Monroy is old and stayed with them in the duration, but unfortunately, he did system of education was more advanced than that of other students. Two groups of
not live long and died after five months. students who are studying in Ateneo. The Roman Empire is considered the internos
or the students that were boarding inside. The Carthaginian Empire are the students
It was the death of Maestro Monroy, Don Francisco, and Dona Teodora decided to who are staying outside the Ateneo (externos).
send Pepe to a private school in Binan, Laguna of which he will be living in the
house of his aunt. He was accompanied by Paciano going to Binan using a After 4 years Jose graduated with the highest honors at the head of his class. He
carromata, this is the first time that Pepe left his home. It was a Sunday afternoon of stayed at Ateneo from 1872 to 1877. On his commemoration on March 23, 1877, he
June 1869, after saying his farewell to his parents and sisters they left. received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Letters. At the age of 16,
he graduated with his first degree.
2.3 MEDICAL STUDIES

In his study in Ateneo, Jose Rizal transferred to the University of Sto. Tomas, but Let’s Check
continued his vocational course at Ateneo in surveying. He took a medical course,
which is run by the Dominican Friars. Let’s Check 2.1 Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to
test your knowledge and understanding with the following activities and
In 1877, He began his medical journey. In which he sees the different ways on the exercises to know how deep your comprehension and knowledge in this Unit
means of the Jesuit and Dominican. He perceived the Dominican to be biased, the ULO-2. Is Recreate the Family Tree of Dr. Jose Rizal.
Filipino students were discriminated against the Spaniards and lastly, the method of
teaching is “obsolete and repressive.”
After four (4) years he finished his medical course. From 1879 to 1892, He studied
and finished his course, though failed to get the highest honors. Yet dedicated to
pursuing further studies in other countries.
SELF-HELP
House Inc.
Let’s Check 2.2 Fill in the Blanks Write the answer on the space provided
Let’s Analyze
___________1 . The only brother of Dr. Jose Rizal

Let’s Analyze 2.1 In a historical approach, such as what we use in the course, knowing
___________2 Jose is the ___ child of Don Francisco. relevant facts simply is not enough. A deeper analysis is also necessary to have a clearer
grasps of the stories (kwento). Likewise, generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories
___________3 She is the youngest sister of Paciano and Jose.
(kwento) is essential in making the study more personal. I now require you to answer the
___________4 The Maestro of Jose in Binan, Laguna following items thoroughly.
___________5 Jose is only ___ years old, when he first wrote his first poem.
___________6 The birthplace of Jose Rizal. 1. The colorful ancestry of Rizal did not just contain names of long-dead people; it also tells
of the influences that our hero inherited from his forebears. What, in your understanding,
___________7 Domingo Lamco was married to a lady who lives in Manila. was the biggest influence of his paternal ancestry to the Rizal that we know?
___________8 She is considered as the first teacher of our national hero.
___________9 The classmate of Don Francisco who taught Jose Spanish & Latin. _________________________________________________________________________
___________10 The brother of Dona Teodora.

_________________________________________________________________________
Let’s Check 2.3 Matching Type: Match column A to column B. Write the Letter in the
space provided. _________________________________________________________________________
Column A Column B
1. Calamba, Laguna A The maestro of Pepe who died _________________________________________________________________________
2. Biñan, Laguna B School governed by the Jesuit
3. Ateneo de Municipal C The professor of Pepe during his senior year
4. Santa Isabel College D The winning poem of Jose Rizal _________________________________________________________________________
5. Carthagian Empire E The lover of Jose in Paris
6. Fr. Francisco Sanchez F The ancestry line of Doña Teodora
7.La Juventud Filipina G Friend of Segunda Katigbak _________________________________________________________________________
8. University of Santo Tomas H The poem written by Jose when he is 8.
9. Saturnina I The first Formal schooling of Jose occurred
10.Rajha Lakandula J Externos _________________________________________________________________________
11.Nelly Busted K Internos
12. Leonor Rivera L Where Jose took private lesson in Spanish
13. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo M Known as Taimas
_________________________________________________________________________
14. Roman Empire N Oldest sister of Paciano
15.Leon Munroy O School governed by Dominicans
P Mercado’s residence
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION

Social Science Discipline Social Science Discipline

of the program head. However alternative BIG PICTURE A

Without further ado, LET’S GO. PARA SA BAYAN! 4. Republic

BIG PICTURE in Focus

2. Industrialization 2.1 SOCIO POLITICAL SYSTEM

supervise collection of taxes.

-sent annual report to Spain. 2.2 ABUSES AND CHALLENGES

3.2 INDIGENOUS DISPLACEMENTS

An alarming situation that needs attention, this displacement of cultural roots is in

1. The feudal system brought by the Spaniards to the Philippines was an

DO YOU HAVE SOME QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO

Spanish Friars Mestizos

3.3 INDIGENOUS DISPLACEMENTS

9. i. Hospitality, Close family ties, Respect

10. j. A man in the Philippines is only an

DO YOU HAVE SOME QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO

KEYWORDS INDEX BIG PICTURE in Focus

Industrialization Negritos and Malays METALANGUAGE

1.2 Pepe’s Paternal Ancestry

Lamco, a Chinese immigrant was the great-great-grandfather on his father's side. He

1.1 Dr. Jose “Pepe” Rizal 1.3 Pepe’s Maternal Ancestry

II 2.2 FORMAL EDUCATION

2.3 MEDICAL STUDIES

___________1 . The only brother of Dr. Jose Rizal

___________10 The brother of Dona Teodora.

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