República Bolivariana de Venezuela

Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Superior

Instituto Universitario de Tecnología “Antonio José de Sucre”

Tecnologia Mecánica Mención: Mantenimiento

Asignatura: INGLES II

Sede: Caracas

COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Integrante: 

Geremy Franquiz 31.587.898

Turno: Diurno

Prof.: Carmen julia blanco Rondon Caracas 12/07/22

Index
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3

Covid pandemic...............................................................................................................................5

Pandemic in Venezuela:..................................................................................................................5

Prevention measures:.......................................................................................................................6

Vaccines...........................................................................................................................................6

After getting vaccinated...............................................................................................................8

Conclution:......................................................................................................................................9

Bibliography..................................................................................................................................10

2
 Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious challenges humanity has faced in recent

times. Its total cost in human lives is still unknown. Parallel to the loss of life and the profound

health crisis, the world is witnessing an economic collapse that will severely impact the well-

being of large segments of the population for years to come. Some of the measures being taken

to counter the pandemic will affect our lives in the future in non-trivial ways. Understanding the

relationship between the different elements of the problem in order to expand the policy space

with a complete understanding of the social and economic effects that the measures that are

adopted can bring about, is the purpose of this series.

Until now, the impossibility of using selective isolation with infected people and groups

has led to the application of social distancing measures that are imposing an excessively

disproportionate economic and social cost throughout the world, we are facing a crisis that

requires unconventional responses

The outbreak of COVID-19 in Venezuela erupts in the midst of a severe economic crisis.

The GDP has been contracting continuously since 2014. Oil production has also been drastically

reduced, going from 3.26 million barrels per day to less than one million per day in 2019. The

large fiscal deficit, high inflation, which in 2018 reached levels of hyperinflation, and the default

of the external debt since the end of 2017 aggravate the panorama. The economic-financial

sanctions deepen and prevent the overcoming of the crisis. The absence of fiscal space to finance

government measures to mitigate the effects of COVID-19, at the level of public health and the

economy, exacerbates the importance of external financing and the evolution of oil revenues. To

3
the extent that external financing is less, the state will have to resort to a greater proportion to the

monetary financing of the deficit to pay for public policies to face the shock of COVID-19,

increased inflation and the devaluation of the bolivar.

Covid pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing pandemic derived from the disease caused by

the SARS-CoV-2 virus.78 It was initially called "Wuhan pneumonia", since the first cases were

identified in December 2019 in the Chinese city. Wuhan, the World Health Organization (WHO)

declared it a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 and

recognized it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, when it reported that there were 4,291 deaths

and 118,000 deaths. cases in 114 countries. The pandemic has had a disruptive socioeconomic

effect. During 2020 and part of 2021, colleges and universities were closed in more than 124

countries, affecting more than 2.2 billion students. Roughly a third of the world's population was

placed in lockdown and heavy restrictions on freedom of movement were imposed, leading to a

drastic reduction in economic activity and a parallel rise in unemployment. Disinformation

maneuvers and conspiracy theories about the virus have been unleashed, as well as some

incidents of xenophobia and racism against Chinese citizens and other East and Southeast Asian

countries. Due to the reduction in travel and the closure of numerous businesses, there has been a

drop in air pollution.

Pandemic in Venezuela:

4
 The COVID-19 pandemic reached Venezuela in mid-March. The number of cases

remained relatively low in the first three months, but infections have increased.

The global emergency due to the coronavirus has not exempted Venezuela, a nation that

was already going through an acute economic crisis and that now also faces the challenge posed

by tens of thousands of people who had migrated to neighboring countries and who lost their

jobs due to the confinement measures. Humanitarian agencies provide vital aid and protection to

the most vulnerable, the public sector's ability to react is very limited. Fiscal resources are very

scarce to provide food to the population and the condition of the health sector is dire. Within

Venezuela, health centers lack sufficient medical supplies, a situation that has had serious

repercussions for women and girls. As an example, there is an estimated 80% shortage of

contraceptive supplies and a critical shortfall in safe blood supplies needed to manage

complications of labor such as postpartum hemorrhage.

To bolster health services, UNFPA worked with the Pan American Health Organization

and UNICEF to deliver 90 tons of health, water, hygiene and sanitation, and education supplies

to the country last month.

Prevention measures:

Basic measures to prevent disease transmission include: washing hands with soap and

water, wearing masks, social distancing, not touching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands,

and coughing and sneezing into a tissue disposable or in the crook of the elbow.

5
Vaccines

Vaccines against COVID-19 comprise the set of vaccines that try to prevent the disease

caused by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the 2019-2022 coronavirus pandemic.

As of February 2021, ten vaccines have been authorized for public use by at least one

competent regulatory authority. In addition, there are some 70 candidate vaccines in clinical

research, of which 17 in phase I trials, 23 in phase I-II trials, 6 in phase II trials, and 20 in phase

III trials.453 The COVID-19 vaccines 19, can be classified according to the vector they use to

introduce the SARS-CoV-2 material. The vector can be an inactivated version of the coronavirus

itself, another virus (usually an adenovirus) into which SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been inserted, or

messenger RNA alone.

 The vaccines currently in use are:

 messenger RNA vaccines

 Inactivated coronavirus vaccines

 Vaccines from other viral vectors

 Subunit vaccines or peptide antigen vaccine

The highest efficacy against symptoms obtained so far by a vaccine against COVID-19 is

95%, a value similar to the natural immunity obtained when infected with SARS-CoV-2.454455

Other vaccines, however, present a lower efficacy, some as low as 50%.456 Another important

difference between the different vaccines is their storage temperature. While inactivated

adenovirus or coronavirus vaccines are stored in refrigerators, messenger RNA vaccines require

6
freezers at -20ºC (Moderna) or even -80ºC (Pfizer), which complicates their

distribution.457458459 Due to production capacity limited by vaccine manufacturers.

Venezuela has a percentage of 77.19% with at least one dose and 49.77% fully

immunized.

After getting vaccinated

When someone has been vaccinated against COVID (has received all the necessary doses

of the vaccine, and a set time has passed), it is still possible to transmit the disease, although the

chances are quite reduced. Also, vaccines fail in a small proportion of vaccinated people.

7
Conclution:

It is important to bear in mind that the situation generated by the coronavirus is highly

changing and subject to great uncertainty. National governments and multilateral institutions are

in a process of permanent learning, exchange and evaluation. The economic, financial and social

measures that are considered adequate today can and probably should be changed to adapt to the

evolution of events.

8
Bibliography

Luisa Salomón, Indira Rojas y Ricardo Barbar 24/03/2021 A year of pandemic

http://factor.prodavinci.com/ExpertosyPandemiaEnVenezuela/index.html?home

UNICEF Venezuela 2019 VENEZUELA before covid

https://www.unicef.org/venezuela/respuesta-de-unicef-venezuela-ante-el-covid-19

COVID-19 pandemic 31/03/2021 https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19

© UNFPA 15/05/2020 humanitarian crisis in Venezuela and neighboring countries

https://www.unfpa.org/es/news/la-pandemia-complica-la-crisis-humanitaria-en-venezuela-y-los-
paises-vecinos

Jose Luis saboin 12/2020 recovery challenges

https://publications.iadb.org/publications/spanish/document/Los-desafios-para-la-recuperacion-
de-Venezuela-y-el-impacto-del-COVID-19.pdf

news ONU 13/08/2020 Humanitarian aid https://news.un.org/es/story/2020/08/1478812

Juan Maclellan 09/10/ 2020 This is how their lives changed in times of Coronavirus
https://www.icrc.org/es/document/venezuela-asi-cambiaron-sus-vidas-en-tiempos-de-
coronavirus