FCHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

The COVID-19 is potentially a severe acute respiratory infection caused

by SARS-CoV 2. It has made an impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality

across countries and continents; declared a Public Health Emergency of

International Concern (PHEIC) and later a pandemic.

Most of the countries enforced complete lockdown and make their people

stay at home to prevent the spread of infection. Despite millions of people

working from home during this COVID-19 pandemic, the health care workers and

police personnel are the front-line workers who deal with the patients, suspects,

and the people at risk for their safety and well-being. The police personnel is

responsible for enforcing stay-at-home and related orders to halt the disease

transmission and keep the public safe. This puts them at higher risk of SARS-

CoV 2 infection. Currently, the pandemic has resulted in the stress of varying

degrees among people. One of the most stressful situations is the

unpredictability of the situation and the uncertainty over disease control and the

seriousness of the risk. On the other hand, challenges and stress can trigger

common mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-

19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary

solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing.

Given that a vaccine will eventually be produced, information will be needed to

support a potential campaign to promote vaccination.

According to Patrícia Arriaga, Ph.D. in Social and Organizational

Psychology (2006, ISCTE), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak

has created a global health crisis that had a deep impact on the way we perceive

our world and our everyday lives. Not only has the rate of contagion and patterns

of transmission threatened our sense of agency, but the safety measures to

contain the spread of the virus also required social and physical distancing,

preventing us from finding solace in the company of others. Within this context,

we launched our Research Topic on March 27th, 2020, and invited researchers

to address the Impact and Role of Mass Media During the Pandemic on our lives

at individual and social levels.

Adding to the inherent stress (occupational) of police personnel, this

current COVID -19 situation has brought an impact on their mental health and

well-being. Every individual in the country faces the stress of this lockdown and

on the other hand, the policemen face the stress of handling the people who

violate and protecting the people from the exposure. It is important for the

primary care physicians, the so-called first line of defense to understand the

impact of COVID-19 in terms of physical and mental health on the general

population; in particularly vulnerable groups like police personal. Hence the

current research was undertaken to explore the perception of the disease, factors

influencing the stress, and their coping up abilities of them amid COVID-19.
 During the past several weeks, all police services have been challenged

even more due to COVID-19. Like many other front-line essential services, police

have had to make changes and implement processes to allow front-line staff to

provide the services citizens deserve while keeping themselves safe in

performing their duties. Police work is very rewarding and noble, yet challenging

and stressful at times. The added pressures police officers face due to COVID-19

have certainly added to their level of stress. For that reason, many police service

organizations have implemented more support initiatives to ensure that their

members are mentally prepared to deliver on their mandate in our current

situation and beyond. In this paper, we discuss some of the impacts of COVID-19

on police services and offer some self-care strategies.

Police officers are the first responders to deal with the public during high-

risk situations. There is always a threat of violence towards them. However,

COVID-19 has presented a new threat to them as they, like any other citizen, are

at risk of being exposed to this virus. The difference is that police, much like

other essential services such as health professionals, fire, paramedics, and

others, must respond to calls, which, in most cases, means dealing with unknown

situations. COVID-19 now presents an extra element of risk to these responders,

and they all recognize a need to be more diligent.

Even though COVID-19 has increased the level of stress for police, most

are appreciative of the community support for them and their efforts, according to

conversations with many officers during the past few weeks. This is significant

and very positive for them and their health. Also, many feel fortunate to have a
continuing job during these tough economic times and, more importantly, a job

that provides safety to citizens and presents them with many opportunities to

make a difference. After all, COVID-19 is impacting every citizen and, during

such times, it is important to maintain a positive mindset to get through it. The

key may be to monitor the future impacts and ensure all officers have the

continuing support they require.

Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the factors associated with vaccine confidence

and acceptance on COVID-19 of PNP Personnel at Tampakan, South Cotabato.

Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profiles of the respondents in terms of;

a. age;

b. gender;

c. civil status; and

d. position

e. years of service

2. What are the factors associated with vaccination confidence on COVID-19.

of the respondents in terms of:

a. Fear of side effects;

b. Safety;

c. Effectiveness;

d. Unnecessary;

e. Inadequate information; and

 f. short duration of immunity?

3. What are their level of acceptance?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the factors associated with vaccine

confidence and the level of acceptance of PNP personnel at Tampakan South

Cotabato?

Review of Related Literature

On December 31, 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases was reported in

Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, and linked to a wet seafood market.

Subsequently, a new coronavirus was identified as the etiological agent and

named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the

causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health

Organization (WHO) International Health Regulation Emergency Committee

declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on

January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020.

As of November 29, 2020, COVID-19 had been reported globally in 191

countries, with 62,311,483 laboratory-confirmed cases causing 1,453,467

deaths. Subsequently, the numbers increased to 222,406,582 confirmed cases of

COVID-19, and of those, there were 4,592,934 deaths as of September 9, 2021.

Efforts to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 would be unsuccessful in the long term, as they

are constantly challenged by the emergence of new susceptible hosts and

waning immunity in previously infected individuals. The durability of SARS-CoV-2

immunity is not yet fully established, but the abovementioned emergence will
promote virus survival; thus, similar to other infectious pathogens, SARS-CoV-2

is likely to circulate in the human population for many years to come.

An unprecedented effort to develop a vaccine started very early in the

pandemic to curb the current global situation. Research gaps needed to address

the response to COVID-19 have been identified, which has facilitated work on

animal models for vaccine research and development. Different countries and

organizations are developing new platform technologies that would support the

rapid development of such vaccines from viral sequencing to clinical trials in less

than 16 weeks, demonstrate the elicitation of a consistent immune response, and

be suitable for large-scale production.

Of the greatest potential are DNA- and RNA-based vaccine platforms,

which can be developed quickly because they use synthetic processes and do

not need cell culture or fermentation. In addition, the use of next-generation

sequencing and reverse genetics may also decrease the development time of

more conventional vaccines. As per the WHO, 149 vaccines have made it to

preclinical development, and 38 candidate vaccines are undergoing evaluation in

clinical trials, with multiple vaccines having concluded phase 1–2 trials and phase

3 clinical trials. These vaccines include JNJ-78436735, which is an adenovirus

vaccine (Ad26.COV2. S); mRNA-1273, which is an mRNA vaccine; AZD1222,

which is an adenovirus vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19); BNT162b1, which is an

mRNA vaccine; NVX-CoV2373, which is a full-length recombinant SARS CoV-2

glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M; and Ad5-nCoV,

which is an adenovirus vaccine. A few of these vaccines are already in use

across the globe; however, it is unlikely that they would be widely available in

sufficient quantities to cover the whole population.

Hence, a phased approach for vaccine allocation has been developed,

starting with Phase 1a or the “Jumpstart Phase,” which targets high-risk health

care workers (HCWs) and first responders. A multi-society statement indicated

that COVID-19 vaccination should be a condition of employment for all health

care personnel in facilities in the United States, with few exceptions.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the top thirty countries with the

highest reported number of COVID-19 cases at 356,911 laboratory-confirmed

cases and 5,870 deaths as of November 29, 2020. These numbers subsequently

reached 545,624 confirmed cases, including 8,598 deaths, as of September 9,

2021. The KSA is also one of the few countries in the world in which a second

coronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is

still causing seasonal epidemics since its discovery in 2012.

As of August 17, 2021, a total of 2,178 laboratory-confirmed cases of

MERS-CoV had been reported in the KSA, with 810 deaths. In addition,

coinfection of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported among patients

in the KSA. An adenovirus-based vaccine against MERS-CoV for dromedary

camels was recently developed. Perception, confidence, and hesitancy for newly

developed vaccines in the context of emerging viral infections and pandemics are

principal factors in assessing vaccine acceptance. The acceptance of a potential

COVID-19 vaccine was assessed among the general population of the KSA in a

survey of 3,101 participants, which showed an acceptance rate of 45% among

the general public, while another public survey among 992 participants revealed

an acceptance rate of 65%. However, at the time of this study, no survey has

specifically assessed the acceptance, confidence, and hesitancy of HCWs

toward the COVID-19 vaccine in the KSA, even though these individuals were

subsequently included in the jumpstart phase of vaccination. In this study, we

investigated COVID-19 vaccine perception, acceptance, confidence, hesitancy,

and barriers among HCWs in the KSA before vaccine rollout to identify the gaps

that need to be addressed early by public health officials.

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic infection is a major health hazard

that no one can disagree with. As per current statistics (dated 17 May 2020),

more than 44 lakhs confirmed cases, and 3 lakhs deaths attributed to COVID-19

had been reported and the numbers are rising steeply across the globe (World

Health Organization n.d.). India has also been affected significantly, and to

control the spread of infection, the Government of India had taken several

rigorous steps since mid-March 2020.

One of the most effective strategies to control the spread of COVID-19 is

“lockdown”, which was declared with effect from 24 March 2020 across the

country and has been extended phase-wise, and currently, India enters lockdown

4.0 (The Hindu Net 2020) and there is every possibility that such strict measures

to control crowds and free movements will be extended from many months

across the country (with possible relaxation to some extent) soon.

 Law enforcement services play a crucial role in contributing to the effort to

control the pandemic worldwide. To have this “lockdown” strategy in place, the

police personnel across the country have been deputed on duty to avoid

crowding in public places, checking the movements of people on roads, patrolling

the residential areas, ensuring the safety of healthcare workers, controlling

cyber-threats, performing raids on fake medicines/sanitizers/masks production,

providing e-passes to the needy people traveling outside the curfew areas, etc.,

round the clock in addition to their normal duties related to enforcement of law

and crime control. This had led to an increase in the duty hours of the police

personnel apart from their normal scheduled duties of maintaining law and order.

These extraordinary duties of the police personnel are almost equivalent to the

duties of the health care workers (HCWs) who are engaged in the management

of COVID-19 positive/suspected cases and are quite stressful. 

 This is exemplified by recent reports of police personnel getting infected

with COVID-19 while on duty and deaths of police personnel related to COVID-

19 infection have been recently reported from across the country (Two more

Mumbai cops die of Covid-19 2020). There are also reports of violence against

the police on COVID-19 duties, with one of the reports suggesting severe assault

and chopping off of a hand of police personnel who was trying to control

movement restrictions in Punjab (India) (Policemen attacked by ‘Nihangs’ in

Punjab, ASI’s hand chopped off | Business Standard News

While the mental health issues of the front line warriors, i.e., the health

care workers (HCWs), have been widely acknowledged, and many countries
have started providing psychological first aid to their healthcare workers(Zhang et

al. 2020), the mental health issues of the police are largely neglected. Experts

across the world have stressed the fact that policing during the pandemic is

“emotionally taxing” on police officers on duty and this effect will be almost similar

to the 9/11 trauma for law enforcement officers in the current as well as the near

future (A. B. C. n.d.). Moreover, the Police Federation of England had alerted the

health authorities that the police officers are operating in a “pressure cooker” like

environment and are exposed to all sorts of trauma (physical and psychological)

during this ongoing pandemic (Expert offers tips on caring for mental health

during coronavirus pandemic n.d.). Another important pertinent issue among

police personnel is that they are not very vocal about their stress and mental

health issues (Newschannel 3 2020).

There is sufficient evidence to document the job-related stress among the police

officers/staff due to long work schedules/working hours, job-related traumatic

events, non-availability of adequate leaves/duty off periods, getting exposure to

human suffering and death very frequently, etc. (Collins and Gibbs 2003; Violanti

et al. 2017). All these are potential stressors in the police staff that can lead to

significant mental health or psychological problems in them. There have been

instances of high rates of depression, substance abuse, and suicide in the police

staff (Di Nota et al. 2020; Edwards and Kotera 2020). So far, only a few studies

have focused on the mental/psychological consequences of perceived work

stress in police officers and public safety workers during natural and human-

made disasters and have reported high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) and depression in them (Benedek et al. 2007; Gershon et al. 2009). A

cross-sectional survey conducted among police personnel (n = 912) after

Hurricane Katrina in the USA (2015) revealed that a substantial proportion of

officers reported PTSD (26%) and depression (19%). Various risk factors that

were associated with the development of PTSD and depression in these studies

included involving in the recovery of dead bodies, crowd control, assault and

injury to a family member, staying isolated from the police department, and away

from home during the difficult situations (West et al. 2008).

Although, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers have

evaluated the mental health issues among the HCWs (Chatterjee et al. 2020; Lai

et al. 2020; Ni et al. 2020), there is no systemic study involving the police

personnel. Keeping all these in mind, and considering the police work to be

physically, emotionally, and mentally taxing, taking appropriate steps to mitigate

psychological support to police staff is highly essential.

Hypothesis

This study will be formulated and tested the following hypothesis at a .05

level of significance.

1. There is no relationship between the fear of side effects and the level of

acceptance.

2. There is no relationship between safety and the level of

acceptance.
 3. There is no relationship between effectiveness and the level of

acceptance

4. There is no relationship between unnecessary and the level of

acceptance

5. There is no relationship between inadequate information and the

level of acceptance.

6. There is no relationship between the short duration of immunity and

the level of acceptance.

Theoretical Framework

This study will use the following theories served as evidence and

justification to the study.

Social Control Theory

, Social control theory proposes that people's relationships, commitments,

values, norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law. Thus, if moral

codes are internalized and individuals are tied into and have a stake in their

wider community, they will voluntarily limit their propensity to commit deviant

acts. The theory seeks to understand how it is possible to reduce the likelihood of

criminality developing in individuals. It does not consider motivational issues,

simply stating that human beings may choose to engage in a wide range of

activities unless the range is limited by the processes of socialization and social

learning. The theory derives from a Hobbesian view of human nature as

represented in Leviathan, i.e. that all choices are constrained by implicit social

contracts, agreements, and arrangements among people. Thus, morality is

created in the construction of social order, assigning costs and consequences to

certain choices and defining some as evil, immoral, and/or illegal.

Around the globe, epidemiologists, statisticians, biologists, and health

officials are grappling with these questions. Though engineering perspectives are

uncommon in epidemiological modeling, we believe that in this case, public

officials could greatly benefit from one. Of course, the COVID-19 pandemic isn’t

an obvious or typical engineering problem. But in its basic behavior, it is an

unstable, open-loop system. Left alone, it grows exponentially, as we have all

been told repeatedly. However, there’s good news, too: Like many such systems,

it can be stabilized effectively and efficiently by applying the principles of control

theory, most notably the use of feedback.

Inspired by the important work of epidemiologists and others on the front

lines of this global crisis, we have explored how feedback can help stabilize and

diminish the rate of propagation of this deadly virus that now literally plagues us.

We’ve drawn on proven engineering principles to come up with an approach that

would offer policymakers concrete guidance, one that takes into account both

medical and socioeconomic considerations. We relied on feedback-based

mechanisms to devise a system that would bring the outbreak under control and

then adeptly manage the longer-term caseload.

Moreover, a Fellow of the IEEE, he has led the research, development,

and deployment of control and machine-learning technology in such applications

as microalgae cultivation, large-scale data centers, automotive power-train

control, and semiconductor fabrication. Guy A. Dumont is a professor of electrical

and computer engineering at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver and

a principal investigator at BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute. An IEEE

Fellow, he has 40 years of experience applying advanced control theory in the

process industries, in particular, pulp and paper and, for the last 20 years, in

biomedical applications such as automated drug delivery for closed-loop control

of anesthesia.

Evolutionary epidemiology theory of vaccination, vaccination aims to prevent or

limit the risk of pathogen infections for individual hosts but large vaccination

coverage often has dramatic epidemiological consequences at the scale of the

whole host population. This massive perturbation of the ecology and

transmission of the pathogen can also have important evolutionary effects. In

particular, vaccine-driven evolution may lead to the spread of new pathogen

variants that may erode the benefits of vaccination. This chapter presents a

theoretical framework for modeling the short- and long-term epidemiological and

evolutionary consequences of vaccination. This framework can be used to make

quantitative predictions about the speed of such evolutionary processes. This

work helps identify the relevant phenotypic traits that need to be measured in

specific parasite populations to evaluate the potential evolutionary consequences

of vaccination. In particular, this may help in the debate regarding the

involvement of evolution in the re-emergence of pertussis despite the high

coverage of vaccination.
Conceptual Framework

Based on the foregoing review of the theoretical background of this study,

the conceptual framework will be formulated. The schematic presentation of the

conceptual framework shown in Figure 1 will be based on the premise that

vaccine confidence could help attain the level of acceptance to achieve herd

immunity. The residents of the community will have different perceptions and

have encountered issues and concerns on the vaccine confidence.

This conceptual framework was a guide in this study of the factors

associated with the vaccine confidence and acceptance on COVID 19 of PNP

Personnel at Tampakan South Cotabato.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Perceived factors associated

with vaccination confidence:
a. Fear of side effects;
b. Safety;
c. Effectiveness; Level of acceptance
d. Unnecessary;
e. Inadequate information;
and
f. short duration of
immunity

Significance of the study

This study will aim to find out the factors associated with the vaccine

confidence and acceptance on COVID 19 of PNP Personnel at Tampakan South

Cotabato.

The result of the study will give significant benefits to the following:
 PNP Personnel. This will help them to know what are the most factors

associated with their vaccine confidence, to give them an idea of why they have

a different perception of this vaccination. This will also test their skills on how

they surpass those factors that they’ve experienced before. This will equip the

professional practice of their profession.

Researchers. This research will give them more knowledge and

information about factors associated with the vaccine confidence and acceptance

on COVID 19 of PNP Personnel at Tampakan South Cotabato. This study will

help the researcher gain more knowledge and skills in solving various problems.

This will serve as a training ground for the researcher to have experience in

seeking solutions for the problem. This will enhance and develop also her critical

thinking perspective.

Future Researchers. This study will guide as their future reference if their

study will be related or similar to our study. This will serve as a guide for them on

conducting a study about factors associated with the vaccine confidence and

acceptance on COVID 19 of PNP Personnel at Tampakan South Cotabato. They

will also use this one as a basis for their research studies. Moreover, it will give

them some ideas to be used in seeking answers for their research.

Scope and Delimitation

This study was delimited to the Perceived factors Associated with Vaccine

Confidence And Acceptance On Covid 19 Of PNP Personnel, Tampakan South

Cotabato. The respondents of the study will be the PNP personnel at Tampakan
South Cotabato. This study started on November 2021 and if possible, it will end

on March 2022. In this duration the researcher gathered information to the

respondents by purposive sampling procedure and interpreted the data collected.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined operationally and conceptually for the

readers to clearly understand this study.

PNP PERSONNEL AT TAMPAKAN, SOUTH COTABATO-PNP PERSONNEL

AT TAMPAKAN, SOUTH COTABATO- Operationally, it refers to respondents’

locale where they are currently living/residing.

PERCEIVED-become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or

understand.

VACCINE -a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and

provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative

agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an

antigen without inducing the disease.

CONFIDENCE-he feeling or belief that one can rely on someone or something;

firm trust.

ACCEPTANCE-the action of consenting to receive or undertake something

offered.

COVID-19 - an acute respiratory illness in humans caused by a coronavirus,

capable of producing severe symptoms and in some cases death, especially in

older people and those with underlying health conditions. It was originally

identified in China in 2019 and became pandemic in 2020.

Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, Research Design, Research

Locale Population and Sample, Research Instrument, Data Collection, Statistical

Tools, and Ethical considerations.

Research Design

The researchers have chosen to conduct quantitative and qualitative

methods to collect data. The quantitative approach measures the level of

acceptance of COVID-19 of PNP Personnel in Tampakan, South Cotabato thru

statistics.. This study will use the descriptive correlation method that describes

data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. The

purpose of this study is to know perceived factors associated with vaccine

confidence and acceptance of COVID-19 of PNP personnel in Tampakan, South

Cotabato.

Research Locale

Tampakan, officially the Municipality of Tampakan (Hiligaynon: Banwa

sang Tampakan; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Tampakan; Tagalog: Bayan ng

Tampakan), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of South

Cotabato, Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a

population of 41,018 people. Tampakan is a landlocked municipality in the

coastal province of South Cotabato. The municipality has a land area of 390.00

square kilometers or 150.58 square miles which constitutes 10.28% of South

Cotabato's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was

41,018. This represented 4.20% of the total population of South Cotabato

province or 0.84% of the overall population of the SOCCSKSARGEN region.

Based on these figures, the population density is computed at 105 inhabitants

per square kilometer or 272 inhabitants per square mile.

Population and Sample

The respondents of the study are 50 random PNP Personnel of

Tampakan, South Cotabato.

Research Instrument

The survey questionnaire is the major instrument the researcher will be

utilized in this study. The researcher will use a self-made questionnaire. It is a

survey questionnaire that aims to determine the perceived factors associated

with vaccine confidence and acceptance on COVID-19 of PNP personnel in

Tampakan, South Cotabato

Data Collection

The researchers will observe the following factors in the actual field to

gather the data needed:

The researcher will send a letter of permission to the Dean of the College

of Criminology asking permission to conduct a study. After the letter will be

approved, the researchers have to validate the instrument through expert

individuals. The researchers must write a letter of intent to the respondents then

administer the survey questionnaire to them. The researchers will retrieve the

survey questionnaire from the respondents. Lastly, the raw data obtained will be

tallied, tabulated, and later to be interpreted to give meaning to the data gathered

with the help of a statistician.

Statistical Tools

The statistical treatment that will be utilized in analyzing and interpreting

the data on the perceived factors associated with vaccine confidence and

acceptance on COVID-19 of PNP personnel in Tampakan, South Cotabato, the

researchers will use a graph for interpretation of data.

Ethical Consideration

The responsibility of the researchers is, to be honest, and respectful to

individuals who are affected by this study. When the researchers conducted the

survey, they gave respect to the decision of the respondents in terms of privacy

and confidentiality. The researchers informed and asked first their permission

and explained carefully the purpose of this study. The researchers had the

consent of their program director or thesis adviser to start conducting the survey.
 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES FOR THE RESPONDENTS

This questionnaire is intended to gather information and data from the

respondents of Tampakan, South Cotabato Philippine National Police Personnel relative
to the vaccine confidence and acceptance The questionnaire is composed of three parts:
first, the socio-economic and demographic profiles of the respondents; second, the
perceptions of the respondents toward vaccine confidence; and third, the level of
acceptance of vaccine

General Instruction: Please give the information asked for in this questionnaire by
writing your response or by put a check mark () in the space provided for. Rest assured
that all information gathered will remain confidential.

I. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

A. Age : 18-25 years old

26-30 years old
31-35 years old
36-40 years old
41-45 years old
46-50 yeatrs old
Above 50 years old

B. Sex : [ ] Male
[ ] Female

C. Marital Status : [ ] Single

[ ] Married
[ ] Widowed/er
[ ] Legally Separated/Annulled

D. Highest Educational Attainment:

[ ] Baccalaureate Degree
[ ] Earned units in Master’s Degree
[ ] Master’s Degree
[ ] Earned units in Doctoral Degree
[ ] Doctoral Degree

E. Length of Service ________________

F. Positions Handled and Term of Office

Position No. of Years in Office
_______________________________________ ___________________
 _______________________________________ ___________________
_______________________________________ ___________________

II. PERCEPTIONS TOWARD VACCINE CONFIDENCE

Please rate the extent of your confidence on the different indicators relative to the
vaccine confidences. Encircle the number which corresponds to your response in each
indicator.
Please use the following in determining your response to each indicator:
5 - Highly Confident
4 - Confident
3 - Uncertain
2 - Not Confident
1 - Highly Not Confident

Indicators

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
A, Fear of Side Effects
1. My friends and relative have colds for several days after they
get vaccine.
2. My parents discourage me to be vaccinated due to occurrence
of side effect .
3. My co-worker discourages me to be vaccinated.
B. Safety
1. I feel safe from Corona virus once I get vaccinated.
2. I will not be infected with the Corona virus once vaccinated.
3.My family is protected and safe from Corona virus.
C. Effectiveness
1. I choose only vaccine with high effectivity rate such Moderna
and Pfezer.
2. I don’t believe on President Duterte’s claim that all vaccines
are effective.
3. I don’t care
D. Unnecessary
1.I think vaccines are not needed in this pandemic times.
2. Vaccines add cost to the government spending.
3. Just like war, vaccine is a form of business esp. the rich
countries.
E. Inadequate Information
1. The vaccine program lacks adequate information on its safety
and protection.
 2. Social media circulates fake news about vaccine effect on
human.
3. 3. People are confused on the news around them.
G. Short of Duration Immunity
1. I know that vaccine will last for less than 6 month and no
longer effective in your body.
2. It is a waste of time to get vaccinated with no assurance of its
immunity against Corona Virus.
3. It is useless to get vaccinated because you are prone to
infection against Corona virus.

III. PERCEPTIONS TOWARD VACCINE ACCEPTANCE

Please rate the extent of your acceptance on the different indicators relative to the
vaccine confidences. Encircle the number which corresponds to your response in each
indicator.
Please use the following in determining your response to each indicator:
5 - Highly accepted
4 - Accepted
3 - Uncertain
2 - Not Accepted
1 - Highly Not Accepted

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1

1. I know the government tries its best effort to attain the

herd immunity to control the spread of Corona virus.
2. The government is very sincere in information
dissemination of the positive effect of vaccine.
3.I firmly believe that when herd immunity will be attained,
Corona virus will be eliminated.