Welcome

to
Learning Module 2
INTRODUCTION TO COVID 19
 Module Learning Outcomes

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. History of Covid 19
2. 2. Symptoms (from Mild to Serious)
3. 3. COVID 19 Pandemic Outbreak
4. 4. International and Local Government agencies
5. responding to the pandemic
 What is COVID 19?
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an
illness caused by a novel coronavirus now
called severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly called
2019-nCoV).
 It was initially reported to the WHO on December 31,
2019. On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the
COVID-19 outbreak a global health emergency.  On
March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a global
pandemic, its first such designation since declaring H1N1
influenza a pandemic in 2009. 
Illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 was termed COVID-19
by the WHO, the acronym derived from "coronavirus
disease 2019. " The name was chosen to avoid
stigmatizing the virus's origins in terms of populations,
geography, or animal associations
Photo retrieved from: https://images.app.goo.gl/X1gXsYCtJTF4AoJz6

ACE2: the molecule that helps coronavirus invade your cells

May 13, 2020 12.08am AEST
 History of COVID 19
 Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that can
cause illnesses ranging widely in severity. The first known
severe illness caused by a coronavirus emerged with the
2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
epidemic in China. A second outbreak of severe illness
began in 2012 in Saudi Arabia with the Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).
 On December 31 of last year, Chinese authorities
alerted the World Health Organization of an outbreak of a
novel strain of coronavirus causing severe illness, which
was subsequently named SARS-CoV-2. As of February 20,
2020, nearly 167,500 COVID-19 cases have been
documented, although many more mild cases have likely
gone undiagnosed.
II: Health Issues of Covid 19
 HOW DOES COVID 19 ATTACKS THE BODY?

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) attacks the

lungs, leading to pneumonia, and eventually, a
cascade of serious complications.
The coronavirus has now spread to 185 countries
and territories, infecting roughly 2 million people and
killing nearly 120,000 people. It is a respiratory virus,
which means it can enter and invade the airways and
lungs. Many other viruses affect the respiratory
system; some may infect the upper part while others,
the lower respiratory tract – severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) does both.
How coronavirus attacks cells in the lungs
COVID-19, appears to be attacking two specific
sets of cells in the lungs, according to Professor
Mark Fielder - a medical microbiologist at
Kingston University.
One is called a goblet cell and the other is
called a ciliated cell.

"A goblet cell produces mucus that makes a

wet slimy layer on your respiratory tract, and
that's important for helping you keep your lungs
moist, which is needed to keep you healthy.
 "The ciliated cells are cells that have little hairs on them that
wave in an upward direction, so any nasty material that gets
stuck in the mucus, such as bacteria and viruses, or
particles of dust, gets swept up towards your throat.
 "When you cough, you cough up mucus and swallow it and
you dump that into the acid bath we call a stomach - that's
the way things normally work."
 But COVID-19 appears to be infecting those particular two
sets of cells preferentially - "something that was seen
similarly with SARS,".
 Professor Fielder added: "The problem we've got here, is
the virus infects these cells and starts to kill them.
 "And as it kills them as part of its replication process, tissue
falls into the lungs, and the lungs start to get blockages -
and that blockage might mean that the patient develops
pneumonia."
 Immune system 'goes haywire' and can damage
healthy tissue
 He says there is an added problem in that the immune
system tries to react because it recognises the body is
under attack.
 "It can actually almost over attack, and become what we
call hyperimmune, and set up a large attack which can then
start to damage the healthy tissue underneath."
 Prof Fielder also claims the body's efforts to fight the virus
can cause inflammation in the lungs, which can make
breathing even more difficult.
 It is also suggested that the immune system "goes
haywire", causing even more damage to the organ and
other parts of the tissue.
 TREATMENT of COVID 19
There’s yet another new study out on
hydroxychloroquine, the anti-malaria drug
championed by President Trump (without
evidence) as a cure for COVID-19. Bottom
line: the hospitalized patients who took it
didn’t seem to be any better off than
patients who didn’t take the drug. Some
patients had to stop taking the drug
because of cardiac side effects.
For COVID-19, data to date suggest that 80%
of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15%
are severe infection, requiring oxygen and
5% are critical infections, requiring
ventilation.

There is no specific treatment for disease

caused by a novel coronavirus. However,
many of the symptoms can be treated and
therefore treatment based on the patient's
clinical condition.
No, antibiotics do not work against
viruses. The 2019-nCOV is a virus and,
therefore, antibiotics should not be used
as a means of prevention or treatment.

Using available preliminary data, the

median time from onset to clinical
recovery for mild cases is approximately 2
weeks and is 3-6 weeks for patients with
severe or critical disease.
Global Situation as of June 30, 2020

10,185,374 confirmed cases

503,862 deaths
 Some International Agencies
responding to Corona Virus
1. The World Health Organization, which is
the leading authority on scientific and public
health information on the new virus. It is
speeding up research and development.

2. The United Nations continue its field

missions, agencies, funds and programmes,
providing new information in their spheres of
expertise, and committed to preventing and
responding to this health emergency due to
Covid 19.
3.USAID from the American
People donated $1B to help fight Covid
19 around the world.
•UNICEF continues to scale-up and deliver across
its sectors to address the needs created by the
COVID-19 pandemic. UNICEF and partners have
reached over 800 million people with COVID-19
messaging.
•Over 7.5 million people have been reached with
critical WASH supplies. UNICEF has shipped more
than 6.4 million gloves, 1.2 million surgical masks,
323,051 N95 respirators, 251,855 gowns and 13,128
goggles in support of 44 countries as they respond
to the pandemic.
•UNICEF reached over 29 million children with
distance/home-based learning. 
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
RESPONDING TO COVID 19
Photo retreived from: https://images.app.goo.gl/q5ZhvohzNhskvPHy5
 
Office of the President
On 24 March 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte
signed into law Republic Act No. 11469, otherwise
known as the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act 
(Bayanihan Act), which authorizes the President
to exercise certain powers, for a limited time and
subject to certain conditions, to implement the
policies pursuant to the declaration of a state of
national emergency over the entire Philippines
due to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic.
State of calamity
The national government declared a state of
calamity over all of the Philippines on March 16,
2020 by virtue of Proclamation No. 929 signed by
President Rodrigo Duterte. The declaration brings
into effect for six months the following:
price control of basic needs and commodities,
granting interest-free loans,
distribution of calamity funds,
authorization of importation and receipt of
donations, and
hazard allowance for public health workers and
government personnel in the fields of science and
technology.[3]
DILG –implement guidelines on peace and order,
quarantine and isolation measures relative to the
Covid 19.
DOH – The lead role of local government units
in the prevention, mitigation, preparedness
for, and containment of the Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at the
local level. Dr. Francisco Duque III

Photo retrieved from: https://images.app.goo.gl/o9hFqtizXWxn5Ds79

 3. The Department of Social Welfare and Development
take the lead in the distribution of cash aid to the most
financially-hit households nationwide during the quarantine, a
role previously held by local government units, the Inter-
Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging
Infectious Diseases. Secretary Rolando Baustista (DSWD)

Photot retrieved from: https://images.app.goo.gl/PNZkRPF8MzcsCX328

 “TheDSWD will exercise full control and supervision over
the distribution of the emergency subsidy program’s funds,.
The emergency subsidy program is in line with the newly
signed law, Republic Act 11469 or the Bayanihan to Heal as
One Act, which gives President Rodrigo Duterte new powers
in handling the current health crisis, including realigning
funds in the 2020 national budget.
 4. OWWA = OFW
 DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 212 SERIES OF 2020 = PROVISION OF FI
NANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR DISPLACED LANDBASED AND SEABA
SED FILIPINO WORKERS DUE TO THE CORONA VIRUS (COVID-2019
) “DOLE-AKAP FOR OFWS”

 DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 211 =

PROVISIONS OF HOTEL ACCOMMODATION
FOR DISTRESS LANDBASED AND SEA BASED FILIPINO WORKERS D
URING THE PERIOD OF ENHANCED
COMMUNITY QUARANTINE OR THE
OWWA PROJECT CARE
DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 210 – GUIDE
LINES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF T
HE TULONG PANGHANAPBUHAY SA ATI
NG DISPLACED / DISADVANTAGED WO
RKERS PROGRAM (TUPAD) #BARANGA
Y KO, BAHAY KO (TUPAD #BKBK) DISIN
FECTING / SANITATION PROJECT

DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 209 – GUIDE

LINES ON THE ADJUSTMENT MEASURE
S PROGRAM FOR AFFECTED WORKER
S DUE TO THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE
Labor Advisory No. 09-20 Guidelines on the
Implementation of Flexible Work
Arrangements as Remedial Measure due to
the Ongoing Outbreak of Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
CAMP (Covid 19 Adjustment Measures
Program) for employees affected by financial
aid of P5,000.00 a month.
The Social Security System (SSS) will pay
unemployment benefits to some 30,000 to
60,000 workers projected to lose their jobs as
a result of the possible layoffs in, or closures
of, private companies hit by the economic
fallout from the fast-spreading (COVID-19).
SSS to launch COVID-19 calamity loan
program on April 24
SSS would launch a nationwide calamity
loan program for COVID-19 on April 24.
Members could borrow up to P20,000, or
equivalent to a one-month salary credit.
SSS had set aside some P20.4 billion to
accommodate 1.74 million members who
had been hit badly by the pandemic.
 Prepare the programs in response to the ‘new
normal’, to improve the Basic Education Learning
Continuity Plan (BE-LCP). Will ensure the health
and safety of learners, teachers, as well as parents
and communities, while we adjust our initiatives and
formulate solutions so that basic education will still
be within the reach of our people amidst COVID-19.
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020300445

 https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200413/How-does-COVID-19-a
ttack-the-body.aspx
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKpVMivbTfg
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the
_COVID-19_pandemic
If you have some
concerns concerning the
module, please bring it
up with your professor in
the classroom for
clarifications and further
discussions.
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