Contents

1 Characteristics and classication of living organisms 3

2 Organisation of the organism 15
3 Movement in and out of cells 23
4 Biological molecules 29
5 Enzymes 31
6 Plant nutrition 35
7 Human nutrition 51
8 Transport in plants 93
9 Transport in animals 113
10 Diseases and immunity 145
11 Gas exchange in humans 161
12 Respiration 175
13 Excretion in humans 193
14 Coordination and response 205
15 Drugs 257
16 Reproduction 289
17 Inheritance 327
18 Variation and selection 391
19 Organisms and their environment 421
20 Biotechnology and genetic engineering 451
21 Human inuences on ecosystems 495
A Answers 579

1
2 CONTENTS
Chapter 1

Characteristics and classication of

living organisms

3
4 CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS

1. 0610_s20_qp_42 Q: 5
5
6 CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS

2. 0610_w16_qp_41 Q: 6
7
8 CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
 9

3. 0610_w16_qp_42 Q: 2
10 CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
11
12 CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS

4. 0610_m18_qp_42 Q: 1
13
14 CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
Chapter 2

Organisation of the organism

15
16 CHAPTER 2. ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM

5. 0610_w19_qp_41 Q: 1
17
18 CHAPTER 2. ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
 19

6. 0610_m16_qp_42 Q: 1
20 CHAPTER 2. ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
21
22 CHAPTER 2. ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
Chapter 3

Movement in and out of cells

23
24 CHAPTER 3. MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF CELLS

7. 0610_s16_qp_41 Q: 4
25
26 CHAPTER 3. MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF CELLS
 27

8. 0610_s16_qp_42 Q: 4
28 CHAPTER 3. MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF CELLS
Chapter 4

Biological molecules
9. 0610_w18_qp_32 Q: 3

29
30 CHAPTER 4. BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
Chapter 5

Enzymes

31
32 CHAPTER 5. ENZYMES

10. 0610_p20_qp_30 Q: 4
 33

11. 0610_m18_qp_32 Q: 6
34 CHAPTER 5. ENZYMES

12. 0610_w16_qp_33 Q: 5
Chapter 6

Plant nutrition

35
36 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION

13. 0610_s19_qp_41 Q: 2
37
38 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION
39
40 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION

14. 0610_s19_qp_43 Q: 2
41
42 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION
 43

15. 0610_s16_qp_41 Q: 6
44 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION
45
46 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION

16. 0610_s17_qp_41 Q: 6
47
48 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION
 49

17. 0610_w16_qp_43 Q: 6
50 CHAPTER 6. PLANT NUTRITION
Chapter 7

Human nutrition

51
52 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

18. 0610_m20_qp_42 Q: 4
53
54 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

19. 0610_s16_qp_43 Q: 6
55
56 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 57

20. 0610_s19_qp_43 Q: 6
58 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 59

21. 0610_m18_qp_42 Q: 6
60 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
61
62 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

22. 0610_s18_qp_41 Q: 1
63
64 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 65

23. 0610_s18_qp_43 Q: 1
66 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

24. 0610_s17_qp_42 Q: 4
67
68 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 69

25. 0610_w16_qp_41 Q: 3
70 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 71

26. 0610_w16_qp_42 Q: 1
72 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
73
74 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 75

27. 0610_p20_qp_40 Q: 6
76 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

28. 0610_w19_qp_43 Q: 3
77
78 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
79
80 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

29. 0610_m17_qp_42 Q: 6
81
82 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

30. 0610_w17_qp_41 Q: 1
83
84 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 85

31. 0610_m16_qp_42 Q: 5
86 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
87
88 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
 89

32. 0610_p16_qp_40 Q: 6
90 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION

33. 0610_w16_qp_43 Q: 3
91
92 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN NUTRITION
Chapter 8

Transport in plants

93
94 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

34. 0610_w18_qp_42 Q: 3
95
96 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

35. 0610_w18_qp_41 Q: 3
97
98 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
99
100 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

37. 0610_s18_qp_43 Q: 3
101
102 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
 103

38. 0610_w18_qp_43 Q: 3
104 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
105
106 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

39. 0610_w19_qp_42 Q: 2
107
108 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
 109

40. 0610_w19_qp_43 Q: 2
110 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
111
112 CHAPTER 8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
Chapter 9

Transport in animals

113
114 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS

41. 0610_s17_qp_41 Q: 4
 115

42. 0610_m17_qp_42 Q: 1
116 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
 117

43. 0610_s17_qp_41 Q: 1
118 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
119
120 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS

44. 0610_w17_qp_43 Q: 2
121
122 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
 123

45. 0610_s16_qp_41 Q: 1
124 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
125
126 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
 127

46. 0610_s16_qp_42 Q: 1
128 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
129
130 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS

47. 0610_s17_qp_43 Q: 1
131
132 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS

48. 0610_s19_qp_43 Q: 4
133
134 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
 135

49. 0610_w19_qp_41 Q: 5
136 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
137
138 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
 139

50. 0610_w18_qp_43 Q: 6
140 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
 141

51. 0610_s16_qp_43 Q: 4
142 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
143
144 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
Chapter 10

Diseases and immunity

52. 0610_m19_qp_42 Q: 6

145
146 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
 147

53. 0610_s17_qp_41 Q: 2
148 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
 149

54. 0610_w17_qp_41 Q: 6
150 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
 151

55. 0610_w17_qp_42 Q: 5
152 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
 153

56. 0610_s16_qp_42 Q: 2
154 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
155
156 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
 157

57. 0610_w16_qp_41 Q: 4
158 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
159
160 CHAPTER 10. DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
Chapter 11

Gas exchange in humans

161
162 CHAPTER 11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS

58. 0610_s20_qp_41 Q: 1
163
164 CHAPTER 11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
 165

59. 0610_s17_qp_42 Q: 3
166 CHAPTER 11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
 167

60. 0610_w17_qp_41 Q: 2
168 CHAPTER 11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
169
170 CHAPTER 11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS

61. 0610_w17_qp_43 Q: 1
171
172 CHAPTER 11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS

62. 0610_s16_qp_43 Q: 1
173
174 CHAPTER 11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
Chapter 12

Respiration

175
176 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION

63. 0610_s18_qp_41 Q: 5
177
178 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION

64. 0610_s18_qp_42 Q: 5
179
180 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION
 181

65. 0610_s18_qp_43 Q: 5
182 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION
183
184 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION

66. 0610_s18_qp_42 Q: 1
185
186 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION

67. 0610_m17_qp_42 Q: 5
187
188 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION

68. 0610_w17_qp_42 Q: 2
189
190 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION
191
192 CHAPTER 12. RESPIRATION
Chapter 13

Excretion in humans

193
194 CHAPTER 13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS

69. 0610_m19_qp_42 Q: 1
195
196 CHAPTER 13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS
 197

70. 0610_w19_qp_41 Q: 3
198 CHAPTER 13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS
199
200 CHAPTER 13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS
 201

71. 0610_w17_qp_42 Q: 1
202 CHAPTER 13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS
203
204 CHAPTER 13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS
Chapter 14

Coordination and response

205
206 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

72. 0610_s17_qp_41 Q: 3
207
208 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 209

73. 0610_s17_qp_43 Q: 6
210 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 211

74. 0610_s19_qp_42 Q: 4
212 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 213

75. 0610_w17_qp_41 Q: 4
214 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 215

76. 0610_m20_qp_42 Q: 3
216 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
217
218 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

77. 0610_p20_qp_40 Q: 3
219
220 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

78. 0610_p16_qp_40 Q: 3
221
222 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

79. 0610_m20_qp_42 Q: 2
223
224 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

80. 0610_p20_qp_40 Q: 2
225
226 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

81. 0610_s20_qp_42 Q: 1
227
228 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

82. 0610_s18_qp_41 Q: 4
229
230 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
231
232 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

83. 0610_w18_qp_42 Q: 4
233
234 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 235

84. 0610_w17_qp_42 Q: 6
236 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 237

85. 0610_w17_qp_43 Q: 6
238 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
239
240 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

86. 0610_p16_qp_40 Q: 2
241
242 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

87. 0610_s16_qp_42 Q: 6
243
244 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

88. 0610_m18_qp_42 Q: 5
245
246 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

89. 0610_s18_qp_43 Q: 4
247
248 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 249

90. 0610_s16_qp_41 Q: 2
250 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
251
252 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
 253

91. 0610_s16_qp_43 Q: 2
254 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
255
256 CHAPTER 14. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Chapter 15

Drugs
92. 0610_s20_qp_43 Q: 5

257
258 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
259
260 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS

93. 0610_w19_qp_41 Q: 4
 261

94. 0610_m17_qp_42 Q: 2
262 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
 263

95. 0610_s17_qp_42 Q: 6
264 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
265
266 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS

96. 0610_m20_qp_42 Q: 1
267
268 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS

97. 0610_m19_qp_42 Q: 3
269
270 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS

98. 0610_s19_qp_41 Q: 3
271
272 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
 273

99. 0610_w19_qp_42 Q: 4
274 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
275
276 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS

100. 0610_m18_qp_42 Q: 2
277
278 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
 279

101. 0610_w18_qp_41 Q: 5
280 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
 281

102. 0610_m16_qp_42 Q: 2
282 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
 283

103. 0610_w16_qp_42 Q: 3
284 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
 285

104. 0610_w16_qp_43 Q: 4
286 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
287
288 CHAPTER 15. DRUGS
Chapter 16

Reproduction

289
290 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION

105. 0610_s20_qp_41 Q: 4
291
292 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 293

106. 0610_s19_qp_42 Q: 6
294 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 295

107. 0610_w18_qp_42 Q: 2
296 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
297
298 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION

108. 0610_w16_qp_41 Q: 5
299
300 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION

109. 0610_s20_qp_43 Q: 1
301
302 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 303

110. 0610_s18_qp_41 Q: 6
304 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
305
306 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION

111. 0610_s18_qp_43 Q: 6
307
308 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 309

112. 0610_w18_qp_41 Q: 6
310 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 311

113. 0610_w18_qp_43 Q: 4
312 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
313
314 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 315

114. 0610_s18_qp_42 Q: 4
316 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 317

115. 0610_w16_qp_43 Q: 1
318 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 319

116. 0610_s20_qp_42 Q: 2
320 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
321
322 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION

117. 0610_m18_qp_42 Q: 4
323
324 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
 325

118. 0610_w16_qp_42 Q: 5
326 CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTION
Chapter 17

Inheritance

327
328 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

119. 0610_s20_qp_42 Q: 6
329
330 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

120. 0610_w18_qp_43 Q: 2
331
332 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

121. 0610_s17_qp_42 Q: 2
333
334 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

122. 0610_s17_qp_43 Q: 2
335
336 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
337
338 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

123. 0610_m16_qp_42 Q: 6
339
340 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

124. 0610_w16_qp_43 Q: 5
341
342 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 343

125. 0610_s19_qp_41 Q: 6
344 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
345
346 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

126. 0610_w19_qp_42 Q: 3
347
348 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
349
350 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

127. 0610_m20_qp_42 Q: 5
351
352 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 353

128. 0610_s19_qp_41 Q: 4
354 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 355

129. 0610_s19_qp_42 Q: 5
356 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
357
358 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 359

130. 0610_p20_qp_40 Q: 4
360 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
361
362 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

131. 0610_s20_qp_41 Q: 6
363
364 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

132. 0610_m19_qp_42 Q: 2
365
366 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 367

133. 0610_w19_qp_43 Q: 6
368 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 369

134. 0610_w18_qp_41 Q: 4
370 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
371
372 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

135. 0610_w18_qp_42 Q: 5
373
374 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
375
376 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

136. 0610_m17_qp_42 Q: 3
377
378 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
379
380 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

137. 0610_w17_qp_41 Q: 3
381
382 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 383

138. 0610_w17_qp_42 Q: 4
384 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
385
386 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE

139. 0610_p16_qp_40 Q: 4
387
388 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
 389

140. 0610_s16_qp_42 Q: 3
390 CHAPTER 17. INHERITANCE
Chapter 18

Variation and selection

391
392 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION

141. 0610_s20_qp_43 Q: 3
393
394 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
395
396 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION

142. 0610_s19_qp_43 Q: 5
397
398 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
 399

143. 0610_s17_qp_43 Q: 3
400 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
401
402 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION

144. 0610_s16_qp_41 Q: 3
403
404 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION

145. 0610_s16_qp_43 Q: 3
405
406 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION

146. 0610_m19_qp_42 Q: 5
407
408 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
 409

147. 0610_w18_qp_43 Q: 5
410 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
411
412 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION

148. 0610_w16_qp_42 Q: 4
413
414 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
 415

149. 0610_s19_qp_41 Q: 1
416 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
 417

150. 0610_w17_qp_43 Q: 3
418 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
419
420 CHAPTER 18. VARIATION AND SELECTION
Chapter 19

Organisms and their environment

421
422 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

151. 0610_p20_qp_40 Q: 1
423
424 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

152. 0610_w19_qp_43 Q: 1
425
426 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

153. 0610_s18_qp_41 Q: 2
427
428 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
 429

154. 0610_s18_qp_42 Q: 2
430 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
431
432 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

155. 0610_w17_qp_43 Q: 4
433
434 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
435
436 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

156. 0610_p16_qp_40 Q: 1
437
438 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

157. 0610_w19_qp_41 Q: 7
439
440 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

158. 0610_w18_qp_41 Q: 1
441
442 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

159. 0610_w18_qp_42 Q: 1
443
444 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
 445

160. 0610_m20_qp_42 Q: 6
446 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
447
448 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

161. 0610_s18_qp_43 Q: 2
449
450 CHAPTER 19. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 20

Biotechnology and genetic engineering

162. 0610_p20_qp_40 Q: 5

451
452 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
453
454 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 455

163. 0610_s20_qp_41 Q: 2
456 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 457

164. 0610_s20_qp_41 Q: 3
458 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
459
460 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 461

165. 0610_s19_qp_42 Q: 1
462 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 463

166. 0610_s19_qp_43 Q: 1
464 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 465

167. 0610_w18_qp_41 Q: 2
466 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 467

168. 0610_w17_qp_43 Q: 5
468 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 469

169. 0610_m16_qp_42 Q: 3
470 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 471

170. 0610_p16_qp_40 Q: 5
472 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
473
474 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 475

171. 0610_w16_qp_41 Q: 1
476 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
477
478 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

172. 0610_w16_qp_43 Q: 2
479
480 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 481

173. 0610_s20_qp_43 Q: 2
482 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 483

174. 0610_s19_qp_41 Q: 5
484 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 485

175. 0610_s19_qp_43 Q: 3
486 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
487
488 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

176. 0610_w19_qp_41 Q: 2
489
490 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
 491

177. 0610_w19_qp_43 Q: 5
492 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

178. 0610_s18_qp_42 Q: 6
493
494 CHAPTER 20. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
Chapter 21

Human inuences on ecosystems

495
496 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

179. 0610_w19_qp_42 Q: 5
497
498 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 499

180. 0610_s18_qp_42 Q: 3
500 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 501

181. 0610_s17_qp_42 Q: 1
502 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 503

182. 0610_s17_qp_43 Q: 5
504 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
505
506 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

183. 0610_s19_qp_42 Q: 2
507
508 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 509

184. 0610_m17_qp_42 Q: 4
510 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 511

185. 0610_s20_qp_42 Q: 4
512 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
513
514 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

186. 0610_s20_qp_43 Q: 6
515
516 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

187. 0610_m19_qp_42 Q: 4
517
518 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

188. 0610_s19_qp_42 Q: 3
519
520 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
521
522 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

189. 0610_w19_qp_42 Q: 6
523
524 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

190. 0610_s17_qp_42 Q: 5
525
526 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 527

191. 0610_m16_qp_42 Q: 4
528 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
529
530 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

192. 0610_s16_qp_42 Q: 5
531
532 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 533

193. 0610_s20_qp_41 Q: 5
534 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
535
536 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 537

194. 0610_s20_qp_42 Q: 3
538 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
539
540 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 541

195. 0610_s20_qp_43 Q: 4
542 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 543

196. 0610_w19_qp_41 Q: 6
544 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 545

197. 0610_w19_qp_42 Q: 1
546 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
547
548 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 549

198. 0610_w19_qp_43 Q: 4
550 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
551
552 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

199. 0610_m18_qp_42 Q: 3
553
554 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

200. 0610_w18_qp_42 Q: 6
555
556 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

201. 0610_w18_qp_43 Q: 1
557
558 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

202. 0610_s17_qp_41 Q: 5
559
560 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 561

203. 0610_s17_qp_43 Q: 4
562 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
563
564 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

204. 0610_w17_qp_41 Q: 5
565
566 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

205. 0610_w17_qp_42 Q: 3
567
568 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

206. 0610_s16_qp_41 Q: 5
569
570 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 571

207. 0610_s16_qp_43 Q: 5
572 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
573
574 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS

208. 0610_w16_qp_41 Q: 2
575
576 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
 577

209. 0610_w16_qp_42 Q: 6
578 CHAPTER 21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
Appendix A

Answers
1. 0610_s20_MS_42 Q: 5

579
580 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

2. 0610_w16_MS_41 Q: 6
 581

3. 0610_w16_MS_42 Q: 2

4. 0610_m18_MS_42 Q: 1
582 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

5. 0610_w19_MS_41 Q: 1

6. 0610_m16_MS_42 Q: 1
 583

7. 0610_s16_MS_41 Q: 4

8. 0610_s16_MS_42 Q: 4

10. 0610_p20_MS_30 Q: 4
584 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

11. 0610_m18_MS_32 Q: 6

12. 0610_w16_MS_33 Q: 5

13. 0610_s19_MS_41 Q: 2
 585

14. 0610_s19_MS_43 Q: 2

15. 0610_s16_MS_41 Q: 6
586 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

16. 0610_s17_MS_41 Q: 6
 587

17. 0610_w16_MS_43 Q: 6
588 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

18. 0610_m20_MS_42 Q: 4

19. 0610_s16_MS_43 Q: 6
 589

20. 0610_s19_MS_43 Q: 6

21. 0610_m18_MS_42 Q: 6
590 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

22. 0610_s18_MS_41 Q: 1

23. 0610_s18_MS_43 Q: 1
 591

24. 0610_s17_MS_42 Q: 4

25. 0610_w16_MS_41 Q: 3
592 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

26. 0610_w16_MS_42 Q: 1
 593

27. 0610_p20_MS_40 Q: 6
594 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

28. 0610_w19_MS_43 Q: 3
 595

29. 0610_m17_MS_42 Q: 6
596 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

30. 0610_w17_MS_41 Q: 1
 597

31. 0610_m16_MS_42 Q: 5
598 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

32. 0610_p16_MS_40 Q: 6

33. 0610_w16_MS_43 Q: 3
 599

34. 0610_w18_MS_42 Q: 3
600 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

35. 0610_w18_MS_41 Q: 3

36. 0610_s18_MS_41 Q: 3
 601

37. 0610_s18_MS_43 Q: 3
602 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

38. 0610_w18_MS_43 Q: 3

39. 0610_w19_MS_42 Q: 2
 603

40. 0610_w19_MS_43 Q: 2

41. 0610_s17_MS_41 Q: 4
604 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

42. 0610_m17_MS_42 Q: 1
 605

43. 0610_s17_MS_41 Q: 1
606 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

44. 0610_w17_MS_43 Q: 2
 607

45. 0610_s16_MS_41 Q: 1
608 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

46. 0610_s16_MS_42 Q: 1
 609

47. 0610_s17_MS_43 Q: 1
610 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

48. 0610_s19_MS_43 Q: 4
 611

49. 0610_w19_MS_41 Q: 5
612 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

50. 0610_w18_MS_43 Q: 6
 613

51. 0610_s16_MS_43 Q: 4
614 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

52. 0610_m19_MS_42 Q: 6
 615

53. 0610_s17_MS_41 Q: 2
616 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

54. 0610_w17_MS_41 Q: 6

55. 0610_w17_MS_42 Q: 5
 617

56. 0610_s16_MS_42 Q: 2
618 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

57. 0610_w16_MS_41 Q: 4
 619

58. 0610_s20_MS_41 Q: 1

59. 0610_s17_MS_42 Q: 3
620 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

60. 0610_w17_MS_41 Q: 2

61. 0610_w17_MS_43 Q: 1
 621

62. 0610_s16_MS_43 Q: 1

63. 0610_s18_MS_41 Q: 5
622 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

64. 0610_s18_MS_42 Q: 5

65. 0610_s18_MS_43 Q: 5
 623

66. 0610_s18_MS_42 Q: 1

67. 0610_m17_MS_42 Q: 5
624 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

68. 0610_w17_MS_42 Q: 2

69. 0610_m19_MS_42 Q: 1
 625

70. 0610_w19_MS_41 Q: 3
626 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

71. 0610_w17_MS_42 Q: 1
 627

72. 0610_s17_MS_41 Q: 3
628 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

73. 0610_s17_MS_43 Q: 6

74. 0610_s19_MS_42 Q: 4
 629

75. 0610_w17_MS_41 Q: 4
630 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

76. 0610_m20_MS_42 Q: 3
 631

77. 0610_p20_MS_40 Q: 3
632 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

78. 0610_p16_MS_40 Q: 3
 633

79. 0610_m20_MS_42 Q: 2
634 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

80. 0610_p20_MS_40 Q: 2
 635

81. 0610_s20_MS_42 Q: 1

82. 0610_s18_MS_41 Q: 4
636 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

83. 0610_w18_MS_42 Q: 4
 637

84. 0610_w17_MS_42 Q: 6

85. 0610_w17_MS_43 Q: 6
638 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

86. 0610_p16_MS_40 Q: 2
 639

87. 0610_s16_MS_42 Q: 6

88. 0610_m18_MS_42 Q: 5
640 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

89. 0610_s18_MS_43 Q: 4
 641

90. 0610_s16_MS_41 Q: 2
642 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

91. 0610_s16_MS_43 Q: 2

92. 0610_s20_MS_43 Q: 5
 643

93. 0610_w19_MS_41 Q: 4

94. 0610_m17_MS_42 Q: 2
644 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

95. 0610_s17_MS_42 Q: 6

96. 0610_m20_MS_42 Q: 1
 645

97. 0610_m19_MS_42 Q: 3

98. 0610_s19_MS_41 Q: 3
646 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

99. 0610_w19_MS_42 Q: 4
 647

100. 0610_m18_MS_42 Q: 2

101. 0610_w18_MS_41 Q: 5
648 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

102. 0610_m16_MS_42 Q: 2
 649

103. 0610_w16_MS_42 Q: 3
650 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

104. 0610_w16_MS_43 Q: 4
 651

105. 0610_s20_MS_41 Q: 4

106. 0610_s19_MS_42 Q: 6
652 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

107. 0610_w18_MS_42 Q: 2

108. 0610_w16_MS_41 Q: 5
 653

109. 0610_s20_MS_43 Q: 1
654 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

110. 0610_s18_MS_41 Q: 6

111. 0610_s18_MS_43 Q: 6
 655

112. 0610_w18_MS_41 Q: 6
656 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

113. 0610_w18_MS_43 Q: 4
 657

114. 0610_s18_MS_42 Q: 4

115. 0610_w16_MS_43 Q: 1
658 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

116. 0610_s20_MS_42 Q: 2
 659

117. 0610_m18_MS_42 Q: 4

118. 0610_w16_MS_42 Q: 5
660 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

119. 0610_s20_MS_42 Q: 6

120. 0610_w18_MS_43 Q: 2
 661

121. 0610_s17_MS_42 Q: 2
662 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

122. 0610_s17_MS_43 Q: 2

123. 0610_m16_MS_42 Q: 6
 663

124. 0610_w16_MS_43 Q: 5

125. 0610_s19_MS_41 Q: 6
664 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

126. 0610_w19_MS_42 Q: 3

127. 0610_m20_MS_42 Q: 5
 665

128. 0610_s19_MS_41 Q: 4
666 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

129. 0610_s19_MS_42 Q: 5
 667

130. 0610_p20_MS_40 Q: 4
668 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

131. 0610_s20_MS_41 Q: 6

132. 0610_m19_MS_42 Q: 2
 669

133. 0610_w19_MS_43 Q: 6

134. 0610_w18_MS_41 Q: 4
670 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

135. 0610_w18_MS_42 Q: 5

136. 0610_m17_MS_42 Q: 3
 671

137. 0610_w17_MS_41 Q: 3
672 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

138. 0610_w17_MS_42 Q: 4
 673

139. 0610_p16_MS_40 Q: 4
674 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

140. 0610_s16_MS_42 Q: 3

141. 0610_s20_MS_43 Q: 3
 675

142. 0610_s19_MS_43 Q: 5
676 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

143. 0610_s17_MS_43 Q: 3

144. 0610_s16_MS_41 Q: 3
 677

145. 0610_s16_MS_43 Q: 3

146. 0610_m19_MS_42 Q: 5
678 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

147. 0610_w18_MS_43 Q: 5

148. 0610_w16_MS_42 Q: 4
 679

149. 0610_s19_MS_41 Q: 1

150. 0610_w17_MS_43 Q: 3
680 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

151. 0610_p20_MS_40 Q: 1
 681

152. 0610_w19_MS_43 Q: 1

153. 0610_s18_MS_41 Q: 2
682 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

154. 0610_s18_MS_42 Q: 2
 683

155. 0610_w17_MS_43 Q: 4
684 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

156. 0610_p16_MS_40 Q: 1
 685

157. 0610_w19_MS_41 Q: 7

158. 0610_w18_MS_41 Q: 1
686 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

159. 0610_w18_MS_42 Q: 1
 687

160. 0610_m20_MS_42 Q: 6
688 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

161. 0610_s18_MS_43 Q: 2
 689

162. 0610_p20_MS_40 Q: 5
690 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

163. 0610_s20_MS_41 Q: 2
 691

164. 0610_s20_MS_41 Q: 3

165. 0610_s19_MS_42 Q: 1
692 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

166. 0610_s19_MS_43 Q: 1
 693

167. 0610_w18_MS_41 Q: 2
694 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

168. 0610_w17_MS_43 Q: 5
 695

169. 0610_m16_MS_42 Q: 3
696 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

170. 0610_p16_MS_40 Q: 5
697
698 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

171. 0610_w16_MS_41 Q: 1
 699

172. 0610_w16_MS_43 Q: 2

173. 0610_s20_MS_43 Q: 2
700 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

174. 0610_s19_MS_41 Q: 5

175. 0610_s19_MS_43 Q: 3
 701

176. 0610_w19_MS_41 Q: 2

177. 0610_w19_MS_43 Q: 5
702 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

178. 0610_s18_MS_42 Q: 6
 703

179. 0610_w19_MS_42 Q: 5
704 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

180. 0610_s18_MS_42 Q: 3

181. 0610_s17_MS_42 Q: 1
 705

182. 0610_s17_MS_43 Q: 5
706 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

183. 0610_s19_MS_42 Q: 2
 707

184. 0610_m17_MS_42 Q: 4

185. 0610_s20_MS_42 Q: 4
708 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

186. 0610_s20_MS_43 Q: 6

187. 0610_m19_MS_42 Q: 4
 709

188. 0610_s19_MS_42 Q: 3
710 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

189. 0610_w19_MS_42 Q: 6

190. 0610_s17_MS_42 Q: 5
 711

191. 0610_m16_MS_42 Q: 4
712 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

192. 0610_s16_MS_42 Q: 5
 713

193. 0610_s20_MS_41 Q: 5
714 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

194. 0610_s20_MS_42 Q: 3
 715

195. 0610_s20_MS_43 Q: 4
716 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

196. 0610_w19_MS_41 Q: 6
 717

197. 0610_w19_MS_42 Q: 1
718 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

198. 0610_w19_MS_43 Q: 4

199. 0610_m18_MS_42 Q: 3
 719

200. 0610_w18_MS_42 Q: 6
720 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

201. 0610_w18_MS_43 Q: 1
 721

202. 0610_s17_MS_41 Q: 5
722 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

203. 0610_s17_MS_43 Q: 4
 723

204. 0610_w17_MS_41 Q: 5

205. 0610_w17_MS_42 Q: 3
724 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

206. 0610_s16_MS_41 Q: 5
 725

207. 0610_s16_MS_43 Q: 5
726 APPENDIX A. ANSWERS

208. 0610_w16_MS_41 Q: 2
 727

209. 0610_w16_MS_42 Q: 6