Experimental Report 2

MOMENTUM AND KINETIC IN ELASTIC

AND INELASTIC COLLISIONS

Verification of the instructors

Class: CTTT Ô Tô 01 k64

Group: 2

Name: Vo Viet Dong

Student ID: 20196906

I/ Experiment Motivations

- Understanding more about conservation law

- Improving experimental skill.

II/ EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

1) Elastic collision: m1 = 398 ± 1 (𝑔) , m2 = 799 ± 1 (𝑔)

Tri
t1 (s) t1 ’(s) t2’
al
1 0.166 0.815 0.272
2 0.167 0.803 0.271
3 0.165 0.773 0.269
4 0.167 0.789 0.271
5 0.166 0.786 0.269
6 0.166 0.787 0.270
7 0.166 0.797 0.269
8 0.166 0.794 0.271
9 0.166 0.799 0.271
10 0.166 0.797 0.271
̅t̅′ = 0.794(s) ̅
t̅1 = 0.166(s) t̅
1
̅ 2 ̅′ = 0.270(s)
∑10 (t ′ − t̅′ 2
i=1 (t1i − t̅1)2
∑10 ̅ 2
sd = √ 1 ) ∑10 (t ′ − ̅t̅′
sd = √
i=1 1 i
10 10 )
sd = √
i=1 2 i 2
= 0.001(s) = 0.021(s) 10
sd sd = 0.002(s)
SD = = 0.001(s) SD = = 0.007(s) sd
√10 √10 SD = = 0.001(s)
√10
 2) Inelastic collision
m1 = 799 ± 1 (𝑔)
m2 = 398 ± 1 (𝑔)

Trial t = t1 (s) t’= t2’=t1’ (s)

1 0.242 0.393
2 0.241 0.394
3 0.239 0.391
4 0.238 0.392
5 0.237 0.395
6 0.235 0.396
7 0.242 0.401
8 0.241 0.398
9 0.239 0.390
10 0.236 0.400
̅
t̅1 = 0.239(s) t̅
′̅ = 0.395
2
i=1 (t1i − t̅1)2
∑10 ̅ 2
sd = √ ∑10 (t ′ − t̅′
10 1 )
sd = √
i=1 1 𝑖
= 0.004(s) 10
sd = 0.006(s)
SD = = 0.001(s) sd
√10 SD = = 0.002(s)
√10

V/ DATA PROCESSING

1) Elastic collision

a. Momentum

The total momentum before collision are:

P1 = m1 ⃗v⃗⃗1→ + m2 ⃗v⃗⃗2→
S̅1
P̅ = ̅m̅ = 398 × 10−3 × 10 × 10−2
1 1
= 0.240(kgm⁄s)
t̅1 0.166

∆m1 2
∆t1 2 1 2 0.001 2
√
⇒ ∆P1 = P̅1 √( ) + ( ̅ ) = 0.240 × (398) + ( ) = 0.002(kgm⁄s)
̅m1̅ t1 0.166

Then P1 = 0.240 ± 0.002(kgm⁄s)

Hence
P1 = 0.240 ± 0.002(kgm⁄s)
The total momentum after collision are:

P2 = m ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗→ ⃗v⃗⃗⃗⃗→′
v ′
+m
1 1 2 2
̅S̅2 S̅ 10 × 10−2 10 × 10−2
P̅2 = |m̅̅2̅ − m̅̅1̅ | = 1|799 × 10−3 × − 398 × 10−3 × | = 0.246(kgm⁄s)
̅ ̅ 0.270 0.794
t2′ t1′
2 2
∆ m1 ∆t1′ ∆m 2 ∆t2′
⟹ ∆P 2 +( ) + ( 2) + ( )
= P̅ √ ( ) ̅
t′̅1 t̅ ̅′2
2 2
m̅̅1̅ ̅
1 m 2
2
1 2 0.002
̅2̅
2
0.021
= 0.246 × ) + ( ) +( ) +( )
√( 399 0.794 799 0.270

= 0.007(kgm⁄s)

Then P2 =0.246 ± 0.007(kgm⁄s)

Hence

P2 =0.246 ± 0.007(kgm⁄s)

The percent change in momentum

|P2 − P1| |0.246 − 0.240|
C% = = × 100% = 2.5%
P1 0.240

b. Kinetic energy

The total Kinetic energy before collision are:

1 2 2
−3
10 × 10−2
̅K̅ = ̅ ̅ ( S̅1) = 398 × 10 × (
m̅̅(v̅ )2 = 1 m ) = 0.072(J)
1 1 1 1
̅ 0.166
2 2 t1 2

∆m1 2
∆t1 2
1 2 0.001 2
√
= 0.072 × ( )
⇒ ∆K1 = ̅K̅1̅√( ) + (−2 ) ()
398 + 4 (0.166) = 0.001 J
m̅̅ 1 t̅
1
Then K2 = 0.072 ± 0.001(J)

Hence

K1 = 0.072 ± 0.001(J)
The total Kinetic energy after collision are:
2 2 2
1 S̅1 2 1 ̅ ̅ ̅ 398 × 10−3 10 × 10−2 799 × 10−3 10 × 10−2
̅K̅2̅ = )S2
̅ = ×( ) + ×( )
m̅̅1̅ (̅ ̅ ) ̅
+ m̅̅2̅ ( t ′ 2 0.794 2 0.270
2 t′ 1 2 2
= 0.058(J)
2 2
∆t ′ ∆t ′
0.002 2 0.021 2
̅ ̅ ̅ √ √ )
⇒ ∆K2 = K2 (2 + (−2 ) = 0.058 × 4 ( 0.270 + 4 0.794) = 0.003(J)
2 1
̅ )
t̅′2 ̅t̅′1 (

Then K2 = 0.058 ± 0.003(J)

Hence

K2 = 0.058 ± 0.003(J)

The percent change in kinetic energy

|K2 − K1| |0.058 − 0.072|
C% = = × 100% = 19.44%
K1 0.072

2) Inelastic collision

a. Momentum

The total momentum before collision are

S̅1
P̅ = ̅m̅ = 799 × 10−3 × 10 × 10−2
1 1
= 0.334(kgm⁄s)
t̅1 0.239

∆m1 2 ∆t1 2 1 2 0.004 2

̅ √ √
⇒ ∆P1 = P1 ( ) + ( ) = 0.334 × ( ) +( ) = 0.005(kgm⁄s)
̅m1̅ t̅ 1 799 0.239

Then P1 = 0.334 ± 0.005(kgm⁄s)

Hence
P1 = 0.334 ± 0.005(kgm⁄s)

The total momentum after collision are

𝑆2
P̅ = (𝑚 + 𝑚 ) = (799 + 398) × 10−3 × 10 × 10−2
2 1 2 ̅ ̅ = 0.303(kgm⁄s)
t′2 0.395

2
∆m 2
∆t ′
∆m 2
2 2 0.006 2
1 1
⇒ ∆P = P
̅√ ( 1) +( 2
) +( 2
) = 0.303 × √( ) +( ) +( )
2 2
𝑚1 𝑚 2 𝑡 2′ 79 39 0.395
9 8
= 0.005(kgm⁄s)
Then P22 = 0.303 ± 0.005(kgm⁄s)

Hence

P2 = 0.303 ± 0.005(kgm⁄s)

The change in the moment of m1 and m2 when they move together:

The percent change in momentum

C% = |P2 − P1| |0.303 − 0.334|
= × 100% = 9.28%
P1 0.334

b. Kinetic energy

The total Kinetic energy before collision are

1 2 −2 2
m̅̅(v̅ )2 = 1 m̅̅ ( S̅1) = 799 × 10 × (10 × 10 ) = 0.070(J)
−3
̅K̅ =
1
2 1 1 2 1 t̅1 2 0.239

∆m1 2
∆t1 2
10.004 2
2

⇒ ∆K1 = ̅K̅1̅√( ) + (−2 ) = 0.070 × √( ) + (2 ) = 0.002(J)

m̅̅ 1 t̅ 799 0.239
1
Then K1 = 0.070 ± 0.002(J)

Hence

K1 = 0.070 ± 0.002(J)

The total Kinetic energy after collision are

2
̅K̅ = (m̅̅ + m̅̅) ( ̅S̅2̅ )2 = (799 + 398) × 10−3 × (10 × 10−2 ) = 0.038(J)
2 1 2
t̅ ̅′2 2 0.395

2
∆m1
2 2
∆m2 ∆t2 1 2
1 0.006 2

2
⟹ ∆K 2 = ̅K̅2̅√( ) +( ) + (−2 ) = 0.038 × ) +( +4 ( )
m1 𝑚2 t̅ √( 799 ) 0.395
2 398
= 0.001(J)

Then K2 = 0.038 ± 0.001(J)

The percent change in kinetic energy

|K2 − K1| |0.038 − 0.070|

C% = = × 100% = 45.71%
K1 0.070
 The kinetic energy after a completely inelastic collision is significantly less than
before and it appear the change in the kinetic energy between m1 and m2
because having the friction.