Experimental Report 2

MOMENTUM AND KINETIC IN ELASTIC AND INELASTIC

COLLISIONS
Class: 716772 Verification of the instructors

Group: 5

Name: Mai Bá Nghĩa

Student ID: 20215740

II/Experimental results
1) Elastic collision
* m1 = 400.3 g = 0.4 kg , m2 = 789.3 g = 0.8 kg
Trials t1 t1’ t2’
1 0,165 0,698 0,263
2 0,166 0,702 0,273
3 0,163 0,699 0,264
4 0,165 0,700 0,266
5 0,166 0,707 0,267
6 0,165 0,712 0,267
7 0,165 0,701 0,264
8 0,165 0,700 0,264
9 0,164 0,697 0,266
10 0,165 0,704 0,271

2) Inelastic collision

* m1 = 798.5 g = 0.8 kg, m2 = 377.9 g = 0.4 kg

Trials t1 t1'= t2'
1 0,237 0,461
2 0,236 0,457
3 0,237 0,457
4 0,237 0,465
5 0,237 0,462
6 0,238 0,465
7 0,234 0,466
8 0,239 0,465
9 0,234 0,461
10 0,239 0,467
III/Data processing

1) Elastic collision

a.Velocity

*V1: S = 85 mm = 0.085 m

- The uncertainty of t:

10
1
t 1= ∑ t =¿ 0.165 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 i

| |
10

∑ (t1−t1 )
1
⩟ t 1= =0.003( s)
10

- The uncertainty of v:

v1 = ( )
s m
t s
m
=0.516 ( )
s

√
2
∆t
∆ v 1=v 1 ( ) =0.009 (m/s)
t

v ( 1 )=v 1± Δv1
=> = 0.516± 0.009(m/s)

¿ V '1 :

- The uncertainty of t:

10
1
t 1=
'
∑ t =¿ 0.702 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 i

√
10

∑ (t '1 i−t1 )2
i=1
⩟ t 1' = =0.044(s)
10∗10
 -The uncertainty of

v'1 =
s m
t1 s
' ( ) m
=0.121( )
s

√
' 2
' ' ∆t1 m
∆ v =v
1 1 ( ) =0.007( )
t '
1
s

v '( 1)=v' 1± Δv '1

=> =0.121 ± 0.007 (m/s)

'
¿ V 2:

The uncertainty of t:

10
1
'
t 2= ∑ t =¿ 0.267 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 i

√
10

∑ (t '2 i−t 2)2

i=1
⩟ t 2' = =0.008(s)
10∗10

The uncertainty of

v 2=
' s m
t2 s
' ( ) m
=0.318( )
s

√
' 2
' ' ∆t2 m
∆ v 2=v 2 ( ) =0.009( )
t
'
2
s

v ' ( 2 )=v' 2 ±Δv '2

= 0.318 ±0.008 (m/s)
=>
b.Momentum

The total momentum before collision can be calculated as below:

P1 = m a ⃗
v a 1 + mb ⃗
vb 1

m
P1=m1 v 1=0.4 × 0.516=0.206( kg . )
s
∆ P1=P 1
√( m1 )( )
∆ m1 2 ∆ v 1 2
+
v1
=(0.206)
√( 0.4 )(
0.001 2 0.009 2
+
0.516 )
=0.004
kgm
s ( )
kgm
=> P1=( 0.206 ± 0.004 ) ( )
s The total momentum after collision can be calculated
as below:
P2 = m a ⃗
v a 2 + mb ⃗
vb 2

' ' kgm

P2=m2 v 2−m1 v 1=0.8 × 0.318−0.4 ×0.121=0.204( )
s

√( )( )( )( ) √(
2 ' 2 2 ' 2

) ( )( ) ( )
∆ m1 ∆ v1 ∆ m2 ∆ v2 0.001 2 0.007 2 0.001 2 0.008 2 kg
∆ P2=P 2 × + ' + + ' =0.204 × + + + =0.013(
m1 v1 m2 v2 0.8 0.121 0.4 0.318
kgm
¿> P2 =(0.204 ± 0.013)( )
s

Comment: Obviously, we can see P1>P2, so after collision the total momentum decreased a
little bit. The amount of momentum that lost was transformed into others kind of momentum,
because the collision is not completely elastic.

* The percent change in momentum

C %=¿ P2 −P 1∨ ¿ ¿ ¿ 0.204−0.206∨ ¿ =1 % ¿
P1 = 0.206

c.Kinetic energy

The total Kinetic energy before collision can be calculated as below:

1 2 1 −3 2
K 1= m1 (v1 ) = × 400× 10 ×(0.516) =0.053 J
2 2

¿> ∆ K 1=K 1
√( ∆ m1 2
m1
+ 2 )( )
∆ v1 2
v1
=( 0.053 )
√( 0.001 2
0,4 ) (
+4
0.009 2
0.516 )
=0.002( J )

=> K 1=0.053± 0.002(J )

* The total Kinetic energy after collision can be calculated as below:
 1 1
K 2= m1 v '12+ m v '22=0.043 ( J )
2 2 2

√( )
2
∆ t '2
¿> ∆ K 2=K 2 2 '
+¿ ¿
t2

=> K 2=( 0.043± 0.030 ) ( J )

Comment: Obviously, we can see K1>K2, so after collision the total kinetic energy decreased
a little bit. The amount of energy that lost was transformed into others kind of energy,
because the collision is not completely elastic.

The percent change in kinetic energy

C %=¿ K 2−K 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.043−0.053∨ ¿ =19.8 % ¿ ¿
K1 0.053

2) Inelastic collision

a.Velocity

-V1:

The uncertainty of t can be calculated as below:

√
10 10
1
t 1= ∑ t i=0.237(s)⩟ t 1= ∑ ¿¿¿¿
10 i=1 i=1

The uncertainty of v can be calculated as below:

s
v1 = ( m/s)=0.358 m/ s
t1

√
2
' ∆t m
∆ v 1=v 1 ( ) =0.001( )
❑
t1 s

=> v ( 1)=v 1± Δv1 =0.358± 0.001(m/s)

V 2' :

The uncertainty of t can be calculated as below:

 √∑
10 10
1
t 2= ∑ t =0.462(s )Δ t 2=
10 i=1 i
¿¿¿¿
i=1

The uncertainty of the v2 can be calculated as below:

v 2=
s m
t2 s
❑ ( )
=0.184 m/s

√( )
2
Δt
Δ v 2=v 2 ❑
=0.003( m/s)
t2

=> v 2=v 2 ± Δv 2 =0.184 ± 0.003 (m/s)

b.Momentum

-The total momentum before collision can be calculated as below:

P1=m1 . v 1=0.8 ×0.358=0.287( kg . m/s)

√( )( )
Δ m1 2 Δ v 1 2
√( )( )
2 2
0.001 0.001 ¿ 0.0008( kgm/s)=>
⇒ ΔP 1=P1 + =(0.287) +
m1 v1 0.8 0.358
P1=(0.287 ± 0.0008)( kg . m/s)

-The total momentum after collision can be calculated as below:

kgm
P2=¿ ) v '2=( 0.8+0.4 ) × 0.184=0.221( )
s

√( ) ( ) √(
2 ' 2

) ( ) ( )
∆ m2 ∆ v2 0.001 2
0.003 2 kgm
¿> ∆ P 2=P2 + 4 ' =( 0.221 ) +4 =0.007
m1+m 2 v2 0.798+0.378 0.184 s

=> P2=( 0.221 ± 0.007 ) ¿)

Comment: Obviously, we can see P1>P2, so after collision the total momentum decreased a
little bit. The amount of momentum that lost was transformed into others kind of momentum,
because the collision is not completely inelastic.

The percent change in momentum

C %=¿ P2 −P 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.221−0.287∨ ¿ =22.9 % ¿ ¿

P1 0.287
c.Kinetic energy

- The total Kinetic energy before collision can be calculated as below:

1 2 1
K 1= m1 ( v 1 ) = × 0,8× ¿
2 2

√( )(
Δ m1 2
)
Δv 1 2
√( ) ( )
2 2
0.001 0.001 ¿ 0.0003( J )=>
⇒ Δ K 1=K 1 + −2 =(0.051) +4
m1 v1 0.8 0.358
K 1=0.051± 0.0003( J )

- The total Kinetic energy after collision can be calculated as below:

1
K 2= (m1+ m2 )× ¿
2

∆ K 2 =K 2
√( 2
∆ m2 2
m2 )+¿ ¿

=> K 2=0.021± 0.0007( J )

The percent change in kinetic energy

C %=¿ K 2−K 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.021−0.051∨ ¿ =58.8 % ¿ ¿

K1 0.051

Comment: Obviously, we can see K1>K2, so after collision the total kinetic energy decreased
a little bit. The amount of energy that lost was transformed into others kind of energy,
because the collision is not completely inelastic.