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Structural Analysis
Example on Frame
Frame structure
Degrees of Freedom
Analytical Model
Member 1
Stiffness matrix is given by equation
A −A
L 0 0 0 0
L
12 I 6I − 12 I 6I
0 0
L3 L2 L3 2
L
0 6I 4I − 6I 2I
0
[k ] = E − A L2 L
A
L2 L .................Eqn(1)
0 0 0 0
L L
0 − 12 I − 6I 12 I − 6I
0
L3 L2 L3 L2
6I 2I − 6I 4I
0 0
L2 L L2 L
By substituting = 29,000(12) , = 800/(12) ,
= 16/(12) , and = 30 ft into Eq. (1),
0 0 0 1 2 3
0
15, 466.67 0 0 − 15, 466.67 0 0
0 71.6 1,074.07 0 − 71.6 1,074.07 0
0
K1 = k1 = 0 1,074.07 21,481.48 0 − 1,074.07 10,740.74
− 15,466.67 0 0 15,466.67 0 0 1
2
0 − 71.6 − 1,074.07 0 71.6 − 1,074.07
0 1,074.07 10,740.74 0 − 1,074.07 21,481.48 3
Fixed End Moments and Shear
13,920 0 0 − 13,920 0 0
0 61.87 773.33 0 − 61.87 773.33
k2 = 0 773 . 33 12 ,888 .89 0 − 773 .33 6, 444.44
− 13,920 0 0 13,920 0 0
0 − 61.87 − 773.33 0 61.87 − 773.33
0 773 . 33 6, 444. 44 0 − 773 .33 12 ,888 . 89
!"& = 0
Coordinate Transformation
# 30 # 45
cos + = = = #0.6
25
# 0 # (#20)
sin + = = = 0.8
25
Cosθ Sinθ 0 0 0 0
− Sinθ Cosθ 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
T =
0 0 0 Cosθ Sinθ 0
0 0 0 − Sinθ Cosθ 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
− 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0
− 0.8 − 0.6 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
T2 =
0 0 0 − 0.6 0.8 0
0 0 0 − 0.8 − 0.6 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
Let us use coordinate transformation to evaluate stiffness
matrix in global coordinate axis
K 2 = T k 2T2
2
T
0 0 0 1 2 3
0
5, 050 .8 − 6,651 .9 − 618 .67 − 5, 050 .8 6,651 . 9 − 618 . 67
− 6,651.9 8,931.07 − 464 6,651.9 − 8,931.07 − 464 0
0
K2 = − 618 . 67 − 464 12 ,888 . 89 618 . 67 464 6, 444 . 44
− 5,050.8 6,651.9 618.67 5,050.8 − 6,651.9 618.67 1
2
6,651.9 − 8,931.07 464 − 6,651.9 8,931.07 464
− 618.67 − 464 6,444.44 618.67 464 12,888.89 3
Assembly
Let us assemble global structure stiffness matrix S
S = K1 + K 2
1 2 3
15,466.67 + 5,050.8 − 6,651.9 618.67 1
S= − 6,651.9 71.6 + 8,931.07 − 1,074.07 + 464 2
618.67 − 1,074.07 + 464 21,481.48 + 12,888.89 3
1 2 3
20,517.47 − 6,651.9 618.67 1
S = − 6,651.9 9002.67 − 610.07 2
618.67 − 610.07 34,370.37 3
Joint Load Vector
By inspecting given frame structure, joint load vector P
0
P=0
75
Joint Displacements
Using the relation
0 # 0" = 1
Member 1
By substituting , !"7 , and 8 in the member stiffness
relationship ! = 8 9 !" , determine the member end forces
v1 0 0 0 23.05k
v 0 0 37.27k
2 0
v3 0 0 0 224.1kft
u1 = = = F1 = Q1 =
v
4 1 d
1 − 0. 00149 ft − 23 .05k
v5 2 d 2 − 0.00399 ft 22.73k
v6 3 d 3 0.0065rad − 6.08kft
Member End Displacements and End Forces
Member 2
By substituting : , ; , and <" = 0 into the member stiffness
relationship in global coordinates, < = :; 9 <" , determine
the member end forces in global coordinates to be
v1 0 0 0 − 23.05k
v 0 0 22.71k
2 0
v3 0 0 0 39.12kft
u2 = = = F2 =
v
4 1 d
1 − 0. 00149 ft 23. 04 k
v5 2 d 2 − 0.00399 ft − 22.71k
v6 3 d 3 0.0065rad 81kft
The member end forces in local coordinates can now be
evaluated by substituting < and = into the relationship
! = =<
31.99k
4.81k
39.12kft
Q2 =
− 31 .99 k
− 4.81k
81kft
Support Reactions
23.05 #23.04
> = 37.27 > = 22.71
224.1 ‐ ? 39.121@‐