MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

Module Title: Introduction to Information and Communications Technology

Course Title: Fundamentals of Computer
Course Number: AE 216
Course Description: This course deals with the fundamentals of computer system, networking,
data processing concepts, and managing MS windows 10 program with keyboarding, Email and
Internet application, Google Suite and latest version of MS Offices program such as Word, Excel
and PowerPoint.
Total Learning Time: Week 1 – 4 (1 Month)
Pre-requisite: None

Overview:
This module serves as an introduction to computer terminology, computer equipment,
and provides fundamental concepts for using PC-based software. Topics covered include
computer hardware and its operation, operating systems and application software.

Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following:
1. Understand the relationship between technological change and industrial revolutions
2. Appreciate the pervasive effect that new technologies can have on the economy and, in
particular, on productivity
3. Understand how industry dynamics can be analyzed using the ‘industrial life cycle’
model
4. Use data and historical examples to support economic arguments.

Indicative Content:

 History of Computer
 Computer’s Today
 Concepts of ICT and IT
 Hardware; Five types of Computers
 Motherboard
 Uses of Computer in our daily life

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 Chapter 1

Introduction to Information and Communications Technology

History of Computer

How did it start?

Long time ago, people had to work very hard to have something they want. They always
look for ways to make their work faster and easier. Since man is born with intelligence, he thought
of ways that would make things easy for him. One of the problems encountered by man was
counting the things he had. Because of this, he invented something that could help him count fast
and easy.

Early Computing Devices

The Abacus
About 4,000 years ago, the Chinese invented the
ABACUS. It is an adding tool that can help can
you add & subtract numbers by moving beads
back & forth on rods. The abacus was one of the
earliest counting devise invented to help man
solve his counting problems.

The Pascaline Calculator

In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French
mathematician, invented the Pascal calculator.
This device, also known as the Pascaline,
operated 8 movable dials, which could add
numbers up to 8 figures long. It was used to
perform simple arithmetic calculations. This
device was limited to addition & subtraction only.

Leibnitz Calculator
In 1673, Gottfried Leibntiz, a German
mathematician & philosopher, enchanced the
Pascaline by creating a device that could also
multiply. It can even find the square root of
number. The device was called the Leibnitz
Calculator/ machine.

Jacquard’s Automatic Loom

In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a
Frenchman, invented the Jacquard’s loom.
Jacquard’s loom used punch card to program
pattern that were outputted as woven fabrics by
the loom.

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Electro-Mechanical Computing Devices
Difference Engine
In 1822, Charles Babbage, a British
mathematician professor, invented the Difference
Engine. Powered by steam & as large as a
locomotive, the machine had the capacity to
perform calculations & print the results.

Analytical Engine
In, 1833, several years after Babbage worked
on the Difference Engine, he began working on the
first general-purpose digital computer, which he
called the Analytical Engine. This steam-powered
engine outlined the basic elements of today’s modern
general-purpose computer and was a breakthrough
concept.

Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine

In 1889, Herman Hollerith, an American
inventor, invented the Hollerith’s Tabulating
Machine. The machine was a punch card reader &
had the capacity to store & process data. Hollerith
brought his punch card reader into the business
world, founding the Tabulating Machine Company
which later became International Business Machine
(IBM) in 1924.

Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine

Mark1, this all-electronic calculator was invented by
Howard H. Aiken in 1930. This was used to create
ballistic charts for the U.S. Navy. The Mark 1 is
called the Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator.

ENIAC
Between 1943 and 1946, the ENIAC or the Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer was developed
by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. This
general purpose computer computed at a speed 1,000
times faster than the Mark 1.

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EDVAC
Between 1947 & 1948, the EDVAC or the Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was invented
by John von Neumann. This invention had a Central
Processing Unit (CPU), which allowed all computer
functions to be coordinated through a single source.

UNIVAC 1
The 1948, the UNIVAC or the Universal Automatic
Computer was manufactured by Remington Rand
Corporation. This became one of the first
commercially available computers to benefit from the
various advances in computing.

Computers Today

Supercomputers are the most powerful computers

made. Supercomputers are used to process huge
amount of data for complex processes such as
nuclear fission.

Mainframe computers are the largest among the

computers in use today. It is also used where many
people in large organizations are frequently
Figure 1. Supercomputers accessing similar information.

Personal Computers
Personal Computers are the most common
computers in use today.
A personal computer can be a desktop computer, a
notebook or a laptop or a Personal Digital Assistant.
Notebook or Laptop

Figure 2. Mainframe Computers

Figure 3. Personal Computers

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Father of the Computer
There are hundreds of people who have majored contributions to the
field of computing. The following sections detaile the primary
founding fathers of computung, the computer, and the personal
compter we all know and use today.
Fater of Computing
Charles Babbage was considered to be the father of computing after
his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine (1837). The
Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic
flow control, and integrated memory; hailed as the first general-
purpose computer concept. Unfortnately, because of funding issues
this computer was never built while charles Babbage was alive. Figure 4. Charles Babbage
However, in 1910 Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage’s youngest son
was able to complete a portion of the machine that could perform basic calculations. In 1991, the
London Science Museum completed a working version of the Analytical Engine No. 2, which
incorporated his refinements Babbage discoverd during his initial developemnt of the Analytical
Engine.
Father of Personal Computer
Henry Edward Roberts is considered the father of
Personal Computer, he is the one who coined the term
"personal computer". He has released the Altair 8800
in 1974. It was later published on the front cover of
Popular Electronics in 1975 making it an overnight
success. The computer was available as a kit for $439
or assembled for $621 and had several additional add-
ons such as memory board and inteface boards. By
August 1975, over 5,000 Altair 8800 personal
computers were sold; starting the personal computer
evolution. Figure 5. Henry Edward Roberts

Father of the Computer

There are several people who could be considered as the father

of the cimputer including Alan Turing, John Atanasoff, and
John von Nueman. However, for the purpose of this document
we’re going to considering Konrad Zuse as the father of the
computer with his development of the Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4.

In 1936 to 1938 Konrad Zuse create Z1 in his parent’s living

room, this computer consisted of over 30,000 metal parts and
is considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary
programmable computer. In 1939, the German military
commissioned Zuse to build the Z2, which was largely based
on the Z1. Later, the completed the Z3 in may of 1941, the Z3
was a revolutionary computer for its time and is considered the
first electromechanical and program-controlled computer. Figure 6. Konrad Zuse
Finally, on July 12, 1950 Zuse completed and shipped the Z4

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computer, which is considered to be the first commercial computer.

Figure 7. Z1 in the living room of his parents Figure 8. The Z4 in Zuric

Concepts of ICT and IT

Introduction to Computers
▪ Desktop are now common tools in all areas of our daily lives
▪ Secretary type letters
▪ Artists draw pictures
▪ Engineers and Architects make designs
▪ Scientist, Mathematician solves problems and equation
▪ Students, Teachers, Businessmen and even ordinary individuals do
all these and much more.
There are six components of an information system.
These are as follows:
▪ People are the most important part of the Information Systems Technology.
It is people or the end users like you, who will operate, input the data and use the
resulting information and apply it to your personal and business lives.
Some design and create computer, others write programs and still others invent new
materials and ways to advance computer technology.
▪ Procedures are the set of guidelines and rules to follow when using hardware,
software and data. The procedures mentioned are usually written and well
documented in manuals, included in most software packages and hardware today.
Software and hardware manufacturers provide written documentation for their
products so that users may be able to learn and maximize their productivity once
they have mastered the equipment and the software.
▪ Software or programs are instructions that will tell the computer how it should do
its work. The main purpose of a program is to process the data (raw facts) into usable
information. Software also provides greater flexibility to the use of computer, it
could become a drawing tool by opening a drawing software, and it becomes an
entertainment center by opening a media player software and much more.

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 ▪ Hardware is the physical equipment that processes data so that useful information
may come as a result. Your typical computer hardware would include the mouse,
keyboard, the monitor, printer, CPU, speakers and other devices that may include in
a computer hardware set up. Hardware comes in different shape, size, processing
power and cost.
Hardware needs software for it to run smoothly and do its specified task.
▪ Data - date include text, numbers, sounds, images and video that are still
unprocessed.
These are the fact and facets of record that we input into the computer and once
processed may yield useful information.
Input maybe typed into the computer using a keyboard, pictures transferred from
digital camera, video clips taken from your video camera or other materials from
other sources including those from the internet.
▪ Connectivity - today, it is important for a computer to have connectivity.
Connectivity allows the computer to access and share data and information that are
available elsewhere through an internet connection.
An internet connection may be transmitted in many forms such as telephone line, a
wireless connection, satellite or cable.
Connectivity will enhance the capability and usefulness of your information systems
technology.

Hardware; Five types of Computers

Supercomputers
The most powerful computer available.
These computers are high capacity computers that
run continuously and are being used by very big
organizations and government institution. Users of
super computers include NASA and the US
government and some big schools and companies.
They are used for advanced scientific research and
simulations and massive data application. Figure 8. Supercomputer

Mainframe Computers
Are less powerful than super computers but
are capable of processing data at greater speed, multi-
tasking capability and high data storage. They are
used by most banks to process information of
depositors and millions of daily bank transactions.
Insurance companies use them for their policy
holder’s database. These computers have specialized
wiring system and usually occupy a big room at
controlled temperature.
Server Computers
Figure 9. Mainframe Computer

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 Refer to the main computers in a network serving and
connected to several other computers. It has the capability to handle
multiple requests for data and other processing tasks. Server such
as running a web server for an organization’s web site. Many web
sites on the World Wide Web are serviced by stacks of computer
servers.
Desktop Computers
The most common and widely used computers today. They Figure 11. Server Computer
are designed to be used by one or more persons. Desktop computers
are the computers that you see in homes, school, and in most
businesses. They are small enough to be placed on a desk or table
but are too big to be carried around. Depending on their use,
desktop computers come in a wide range of processing power, size
and cost.
Mobile Computers
Are computers that are light and portable enough to be
carried and used anywhere. These computers are equipped with
rechargeable batteries and can operate for several hours on battery Figure 12. Desktop Computer
power alone. There are three kinds of mobile computers; Laptop
Computer, Tablet PC, Portable Computer

Laptop Computer
A laptop or notebook computer is a small personal computer whose components, display,
keyboard, pointing device, CPU and rechargeable battery are packed together in one single
portable unit intended for mobile use.

Types of Laptop Computer

 Desktop Replacement - High performance and high capacity computers whose screen
size is 17” and larger. These laptops are also called Media Center Laptop or Gaming
Laptop
 Standard laptop - The most common size notebook with screen range of 13-15”. It covers
a wide range of features in microprocessor speeds and memory capacity. Features include
an optical disk drive, card readers, USB port, wired and wireless network capability and a
web cam.
 Subnotebook - Sized of less than 13” of screen size. Portability is the emphasis of this
computer. These notebooks retain the standard features of a standard notebook but they
have small sizes, less weight and long battery life.
 Netbook - A tablet PC is a notebook equipped with a touch screen which allows the user
to operate the computer using a digital pen or stylus. A fingertip may also be used in some
models. A keyboard or a mouse comes as an option. Tablet PCs are designed for those who
prefer to use stylus or pen rather than a keyboard; however, they come at a higher cost.

Portable Computer

 Pocket PC - A pocket PC (personal computer) is a handheld or pocket size computer

running on Microsoft Windows Pocket PC edition with all features of a modern Windows
PC. Pocket PCs may have mobile phone features.
 PDA - (Personal Digital Assistant) is a handheld computer also called palmtop computers.
Modern PDAs have phone capabilities, web browsers, internet capabilities, and music and
video player applications. Touch screen is a standard feature on most PDAs.
 Smart Phone - a mobile phone with additional capabilities such as e-mail and internet,
keyboard, personal organizer, built0in camera, touch screen, ability to read PDF and

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 Microsoft documents, music, photo and video viewing.

Desktop Computers
• A desktop computer is a collection of different devices connected to a central processing unit
(CPU).
• This system generally has four basic components;
Central Processing Unit
Input Devices
Output Devices
Storage

Central Processing Unit

• The CPU is housed inside the CPU box together with
most of the components that make up a computer system.
• The microprocessor, memory and storage are the most
important parts of the computer system.
• The microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) that
encapsulates all the functions of a CPU.
• It is the one that controls and process input data to useful
information.
• The microprocessor is usually placed in a support
electronic board also known as the motherboard.
• The microprocessor is so delicate and important
component of the CPU that it is protected, encased and
shielded.
• Since the microprocessor tends to produce heat, in most Figure 13. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
cases a fan and a cooling unit called heat sink is attached or Microprocessor
to it.
• A heat sink is usually a metallic material with fins that
absorbs heat from the CPU and then dissipates it to the
surrounding air.
• The random access memory (RAM) is inserted or
placed in a slot on the motherboard.
• The RAM is the primary storage for data and programs
that are currently being processed.
• RAM is oftentimes referred to as the temporary storage
because its contents are lost when electrical power to Figure 14. Heat Sink
the computer is turned off.
• Inside the CPU is also an important storage component known
as the hard disk. Hard disk is used to store all of the data and
information in the computer. Hard disk has a big storage
capacity.
• Data stored here are not lost even when the power is turned
off.
• The CPU may also include other storage device handlers such
as floppy disk drive and optical disk drive for CDs or DVDs. Figure 15. Random Access Memory
(RAM)

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Input Devices Allow you to enter data into the computer for processing.

Mouse - acts as the pointing device that can be used to choose

programs and files to open. Functions to activate, to
determine a typing or r drawing starting point, selection and
to scroll pages up or down
Keyboard - A computer input device modelled from the keys
of a typewriter. It is an arrangement of keys or button where
characters are printed. The keyboard allows one to input
numbers, special characters and other functions into the Figure 16. Keyboard and Mouse
computer.
Scanner - A computer input device that capture and copies images,
objects, texts, handwriting and converts them into digital forms. Printed
pictures especially those from the pre-computer home era can now be
scanned, modified, saved and printed.
Web Camera - Web camera or webcam functions like a digital and
Figure 17. Scanner video camera, captures video and images. It allows you to show images
into the computer. It can be used for video-
conferencing with friends, relatives or business
associates so that they will be able to see one another.
Today, digital and video cameras are also used as
input devices.
Gamepad - Gamepad or control pad functions as
handheld game controller for today’s computer Figure 20. Joystick
games. It has buttons corresponding to some of the
Figure 18. Web Camera fingers which give one better control of the characters
being played in a computer game.
Joystick - used as control devices that pivot around so
that you could move the cursor in any direction in the
monitor. It is usually used in video games involving Figure 21. Digitizing
flight control for airplanes and other aircraft. Joystick Tablet
has also found use in controlling cranes, unmanned
submarines, and trucks and in some medical surgical operations.
Digitizing Tablet - graphic tablet is an electronic
Figure 19 Gamepad device that allows one to draw images by hand. It
has pen and pad where one can draw just like
drawing on the paper but the image goes into the CPU and unto the monitor
screen.
Microphone - A voice and sound input into the computer. Allows the user
to speak and the computer will accept and record your voice or music into
the computer. The computer can the process your voice.

Output Devices Figure 22. Microphone

• Convey or present the result of the data processed by the CPU.
• The monitor, printer and the speakers are the most commonly used output devices of most
computer desktop computers.

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 Monitor - Functions as a visual display unit for images, text,
graphics or video generated by the computer. There are two kinds
of monitors; the modern, flat panel liquid crystal display (LCD)
which occupy less space and use less power And the older and
bulkier cathode ray tube (CRT) models but are less expensive
that LCD.
Printer - An output device that produces a permanent or hard
printed copy, human readable text and/or graphic of documents
Figure 23. Monitor and Printer stored in the computer.
There are four kinds of printer:
a. Dot Matrix Printer - A printer that prints by hammering or
striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against a paper. It functions just
like the typewriter, and the advantage of this
type of printer is that it can easily create
carbon copies because of the impact action of
the printing process and the cost per page of
printing is relatively cheap.
Figure 25. Inkjet Printer
b. Inkjet Printer - Common for the general use at home or at the
office. The price of this kind of printer significantly eased and now allows you print high
quality output both in colour and in black and white.
Figure 24. Dot Matrix Printer

c. Laser Jet Printer - Produces high quality prints of text or graphics.

Faster speed than do matrix and ink jet printers. Laser technology is
Figure 26. Laser Printer
based on xerographic printing process which is a combination of
photography and electrostatic printing.

d. Plotter - Operates by moving a pen over a paper surface. Most used

in printing computer-aided designs of houses and buildings. Plotters
are replaced by large format ink jet printers that are not only capable
of printing CAD drawings on
Figure 27. Plotter Printer
paper but also used for vinyl
plastic printing for billboards
and posters.

Speakers - Audio output for music, video and computer

alerts. Speakers may have the simple two piece-systems
or the three, four or five pieces system with sub-woofer
Figure 28. Speaker, Earphone & Headphone
and surround system.
Headphone - Small speaker with a way to hold them close to the ears of the user. Allows you to
listen to music and sounds all alone. Ideal when you do not want to disturb other people around
you with the sound generated by the computer.
Data Projector - Commonly called LCD Projector that
displays computer information on a big screen so that many
will be able to see the show or presentation. Used for
classrooms instructions and business presentations. Today,
Television set also used as projectors. Figure 29. Projector

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Memory Devices
• Memory devices have made significant
advancement recently because of the downward
trend in their prices. The advantages of these
devices are mobility and high capacity at
reasonable cost. Figure 30. Floppy Drive Figure 31. Memory Card
• Once can simply bring this data or information
in the portable memory and work in another place as long as
there is an available computer with software able to read the
data.
Floppy Drives - Popular before the advent of the optical drives
(CD and DVDs) and the flash drive. The size of this media is 3.5”
and has a capacity of 1.44MB and encased in a thin square Figure 32. Flash Drive
plastic enclosure.
Memory Cards - Can be accessed with the USB connector.
Offers the same data handling capabilities of the memory cards,
since data in these drives are re-writable. Up to 32GB and would
allow data storage for 10 years or more.
USB Flash Drive - Can be accessed with the USB connector.
Offers the same data handling capabilities of the memory cards,
since data in these drives are re-writable. Up to 32GB and would
allow data storage for 10 years or more. Figure 33. External Drive
External Hard Disks - A hard disk housed in an enclosure
usually made of aluminium or hard plastic. Can be accessed by connecting it to the USB port
and access is the same as that of the flash drive. Capacities beginning from 80GB and up to TB
level.

Optical Storage
Optical Disk
• A storage medium that used laser technology to store data onto a
circular plastic or metallic disk.
• The data in the disc are accessed by the used of an optical disk drive
(ODD)
• There are two most common optical disks available today, they are the
Compact Disc (CD) and the Digital Versatile Disc (DV)
Figure 34. CD-ROMs
CD-ROMs - CDs with pre-installed data such as music, videos and
programs. Data or information inside the CD could not be altered and are
only available for access or reading.
CD-R or Compact Disk Recordable - One can store or write data using a CD
writer and once written into the CD, it stays there permanently. Also known as
the “write once” CD. Used to store data such as music, movies, word processing
and spreadsheet files and other data for future access
CD-RW- Known as Re-Writable CD or erasable CD. CD where in data stored
inside can be altered, erased and then saved again. A versatile disc because it
Figure 35. CD-R
can be used as temporary storage for work in progress.
Compact Disk - Commonly known as the CD and is the most widely used
optical disc with a standard capacity of around 700MB. There are three types of
CDs; the CD-ROMs, CDRs, and the Re-writable CD

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DVDs
Figure 36. CD-RW DVD-ROM - Used extensively to distribute movies,
since a full length movie can be stored in one DVD.
Music and video quality is a lot higher comparable to those we view
on wide screen theatres. Used to distribute computer programs and
music videos.
DVD Recordable - DVD-R has two formats, the DVD-R and
DVD+R, these are competing recording formats for DVD, although Figure 37. DVD-R
most present players and recorder can view and write on the same
format. User can only write or record once into the DVD, and data is
now permanently stored into the DVD.
DVD Rewriteable or DVD-RW - Stored data can be altered, erased and re-
stored into the DVD. Versatile DVD specially “projects in progress” so that
future insertions and alteration may be possible.
Mini CD and Mini DVD - CDs and DVDs in a smaller format also known as
the “3 inch CDs or DVDs” function just like the standard CDs and DVDs but of
smaller capacity but have the advantage of being small. Figure 38. DVD-RW
Higher Capacity Optical Media - Blu-Ray Disc (BD) in a new generation
optical disc, with the same dimension and look as a DVD or CD but has a high
capacity. Blu-Ray still uses laser technology but of a different wavelength than
the one used for CDs and DVDs which is called blue laser (violet colored).

Figure 39. Mini CD/DVD

Software
Software is the other name for computer program. Basically, software is the step-by-step
instructions that tell the computer what to do to process the data into the desire format. The two
kinds of software are systems software and application software:

Systems Software - are those programs that are being used by the computer hardware. These are
the operating systems, device drivers and utilities that manage the internal resources of the
computer. Examples are Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux and Macintosh Operating
System.
 Device drivers are programs that allow the computer and the input or output devices to
interact and communicate with the computer system.
 Examples of device drivers are those programs that allow the printer to print and the
speakers to create sounds.
 Today, major operating systems such as Window XP and Vista have an internal library of
device drivers that may be connected into the computer.
 Utilities are those programs that manage and maximize computer resources.
 An example of a Windows Utility is the disk cleanup which delete unnecessary files.
Application Software - Programs that are used by the end-user. These are the programs that
process user’s raw data encoded or placed into the computer.
 For connectivity or web browser application, one may use programs such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera or Safari to connect, surf or browse the internet.
 Application software can be categorized into two, basic application software and
specialized application software.

Basic Application Software - Application software include word processing application

(Microsoft Word), spreadsheet application (Microsoft Excel), presentation graphics
(Microsoft Power Point), organizer (Microsoft Outlook), database management program
(Microsoft Access), desktop publishing, graphics, video, multimedia animation.

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 Word Processor - There are many advantages of writing documents in the computer.
You can easily modify and correct the words, be able to change the size and character of
the letter, fancy or ordinary types of letters or fonts and it is easy to modify paragraph
character, margins, paper size, etc. You can also organize your letters or documents in a
systematic way. Word processors today have the capability to handle text, graphics and
images with ease and even the capabilities of lay-outing for desktop publishing . The most
common and widely used computer word processing program is the MS Word.

 Spreadsheet - a computer application that displays rows and columns of cells and
each cell may contain text or numeric values or a combination of both. Spreadsheets are
frequently used in financial and accounting transactions and reports because of the cells
whenever they are updated.Spreadsheets today are very flexible and capable of handling
various tasks and simple applications such as tables, list and even charts and forms.

The most popular spreadsheet today is the Microsoft Excel, but before Excel notable
popular spreadsheet was the Lotus 1-2-3 when the DOS operating system was the standard
operating system. Other spreadsheet program in the market includes the Quattro Pro
by Corel, Numbers by Apple and OpenOffice.org Calc which is a free software, open-
source program modeled after Microsoft Excel. Calc can both open and save in Excel
(XLS) file format.

 Presentation - programs that allow you to communicate or convey your messages

more effectively, to educate, to sell or to present related information. Presentation graphics
have paved the way for better information presentation in all aspects in business, education
and other applications.

A presentation program is a software application designed to display information in a form

of a slide show. It has the capability to edit text as well as to insert and format them. The
program also allows the insertion of graphics, images, sound and video to complete a slide
show multimedia presentation.

Today’s presentation programs have a variety of options and templates to start a

presentation easily and an array of presentation styles to choose from. The most common
program for presentation is the Microsoft PowerPoint, other alternatives are
OpenOffice.org Impress and Apple’s Keynote.

Specialized Application Programs - programs that focus on specific environment and

application. Some of the most common specialized programs are graphic, drawing, video,
multimedia and animation, desktop publishing.

 Graphics Program - Graphics programs like Adobe Photoshop are tools to create,
modify, combine and optimize digital photos and images on your computer. These
programs excel in digital photograph enhancement and use them to perform subtle changes
such as adjusting brightness and contrast of the image you uploaded.
 Drawing Programs - Drawing programs include Adobe Illustrator and
CorelDraw. They are design programs used to create and edit artwork for print, web or
mobile devices and videos. These programs allow creation of art in digital form, starting
from sketches, coloring, shading, rendering and final drawing.
 Desktop Publishing - Adobe InDesign is a design application program that allows
users to integrate texts, graphics and images to produce professional quality documents
for print, for the web and other applications. InDesign however, is primarily used today in

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 desktop publication applications including book layout, newsletter, brochures and
magazines.
 Portable Document Format (PDF) - PDF is a fixed layout document that represents a
two dimensional image representation of a file independent of the program software and
hardware. This format encapsulates all the files’ text, fonts, images and photos that
compose the document. Adobe Acrobat is the program that creates computer applications
to this kind of format.

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Different parts of Computer System
 Computer/System Fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active
cooling, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel
warm air from inside, or move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component.
 Heat Sink heat sinks are used to cool central processing units or graphics processor.
 Floppy disk, also called a diskette, is a disk storage medium composed of a disk of thin
and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined with
fabric that removes dust particles. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk
drive (FDD).
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is a data storage device used
for storing and retrieving digital information using one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly
rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
 Optical Disc Drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves
within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to
or from optical discs.
 Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. A random-access
memory device allows data items to be read and written in approximately the same amount
of time, regardless of the order in which data items are accessed.
 Processors (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out
the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control
and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
 Power Supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load.
 Motherboard (sometimes known as the main board, system board, logic board, or
colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other
expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial
electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory,
and provides connectors for other peripherals.

16
Motherboard

 CMOS Battery (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) maintains the time, date,

hard disk and other configuration settings in the CMOS memory. CMOS batteries are small
and are attached directly to the motherboard. Standard lifetime of a CMOS battery is around
10 years.
 Southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal
computer (PC) motherboard. It handles all of a computer's I/O functions, such as USB, audio,
serial, the system BIOS, the ISA bus, the interrupt controller and the IDE channels.
 Northbridge typically handles communications among the CPU, in some cases RAM,
and PCI Express (or AGP) video cards, and the southbridge. Some northbridges also contain
integrated video controllers, also known as a Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH)
in Intel systems.
 IDE Connectors originally AT Attachment, is an interface standard for the connection
of storage devices such as hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, and optical disc
drives in computers.
 Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching
a video card to a computer system, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer
graphics.
 CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical component(s) that provides mechanical and
electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This
allows the CPU to be placed and replaced without soldering.
 ATX Power Connector specification defines the key mechanical dimensions, mounting
point, I/O panel, power and connector interfaces between a computer case, a motherboard and
a power supply.
 PCI Slots (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is an interconnection system between a
microprocessor and attached devices in which expansion slots are spaced closely for high
speed operation.

17
 Network Card referred to as an Ethernet
card and network adapter. It is
an expansion card that enables a
computer to connect to a network; such
as a home network, or the Internet using
an Ethernet cable with an RJ-
45 connector.
 Sound card is an expansion
card or IC for producing sound on a
computer that can be heard through speakers or headphones.
 Video card is an IC or internal board that creates a picture on a display.

Network Cable are used to

connect one network device to
other network devices or to
connect two or more computers
to share printer and scanner.

18
 Chapter 2

Computers in our daily life

Uses of Computer in Our Daily Life

The use of computers on a regular basis in our life is very important. Technically in daily
life computer is used to convert raw facts and data into meaningful information and knowledge.
Computer science is explored and challenged by humans daily. The computer is like an electronic
magical device for our life. According to Google Keyword Planner 100 – 1K people searching
monthly on Google about ”best laptop for business and personal use” and 100-1K for the best
desktop computer for small businesses in the last 1 year.

This is one of the proofs that the use of the computer in our life and business is really
effective. That’s why more and more people are buying and using a computer. If the uses of the
computer are for good purposes then it is a boon for humans. From the government to the private
sector everyone is using the computer. Users of the computer are constantly growing.

Importance of computer in our daily life

You can understand and analyze the importance of computers by seeing a revolution in offline
and online business, online education, online business, online communication, and internet
banking. To store, access, manipulate, calculate, analyze data, and information we use hardware
devices and software applications. All our daily life activities are based on such online services
and products. The computer changed our life 2 decades ago and now it is a necessity to use a
computer in daily life to live. Let’s understand the uses of computer in the following points:

Top 10 uses of Computers in our Daily Lives

1. Uses of the Computer in the Education Field
Schools and colleges around the world are using computer and internet technologies to
teach students digitally and creatively with data visualization. Uses of the computer in a
classroom will explore creativity and imagination in students’ minds. Drawing tools,
spreadsheets, Audio, Video lectures, and PowerPoint presentations, etc. are very beneficial for
students to learn more deeply and accurately. That created the new education business model
called small classes, smart classrooms, and digital classrooms.
As you know education is most important in our life. Computer reinvented the education
system. Schools, colleges, and almost all kinds of educational institutions are using a computer
in the classrooms. There are so many college and universities are now providing online degree
programs, online courses for college students.Computers are the most important educational tools
for teachers and learners. YouTube, Blogs, eBooks, Newsletters, eNewspaper, etc. such
educational tools are not possible without a computer that we’re using today. So, to become
educated, skillful we can use computers and this is one of the most beneficial uses of the computer
in our daily life.

2. Use of Computer in the Business

Computer with the internet connection we can start the business, run the business, and
manage the business and we can grow the business by the use of a computer. Google, Facebook,
LinkedIn, Amazon, and Alibaba all are websites created by the use of computers and the internet.
We can’t imagine the daily business operations around the world without the use of computer
technologies. In the early days when the first mechanical computer invented by Charles Babbage,

19
it was used only to control the business system and speed up the business process accurately. But
today everything is controlled and managed by computers. Businesses and companies use a
computer to do marketing and business planning, they use a computer to record customer data,
and they use a computer to manage goods and services.
Computer with an internet connection is really important for businesses. Now they can
do Internet marketing, they can sell products and services online. They can manage; hire
employees around the world through the use of computers and the internet. Almost all kinds of
businesses are using computers in their daily official works. Such Microsoft Office to create
professional-looking documents, excel spreadsheets to manage goods and services, Powerpoint
for project presentations are common these days. The use of computers in the business helping
companies to grow their customer base faster. Computer use business is also challenging for
companies and small business owners. Because customers have so many options to choose the
best product or services through the use of the internet.
Any individual today can start their business from home. Freelancing is a big example.
Freelancers are working remotely from home with the use of computers and the internet. To start
earning money by the use of a computer is not so much tough. You just need to learn or to become
a master in a few applications or programming languages. If someone knows about internet
research, data entry, MS Word, etc. they can start data typing and editing work from home. Such
as resume writing services, eBook writing services.

I found the following online course interesting for you. It’s because today lots of people
have technical skills but the problem is most of them only see Job options, instead, the bigger
option is entrepreneurship and business. That’s why I think younger people especially technical
skilled youth or professional must try entrepreneurship. At this young age, you have more powers
and you can utilize that at a bigger level. If someone knows about Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw
they can start graphic designing, logo designing business from home. This is so much simpler
today to build a career in the IT field by the use of a computer and by taking available knowledge.

3. Uses of the Computer in Hospitals

Uses of the computer in the hospital provide many benefits for doctors and patients.
Hospitals can create a database of a patient with their treatment records, medical records. Doctors
are using a computer to diagnose the diseases of patients faster. They are taking the help of
various medical applications of computer and hardware devices. The use of computer and its
application in hospitals are such as to do the research on diseases, blood test, and urine test, brain
testing, and body scanning, etc.
4. Uses of the Computer in the Banking Sector
Banks are using computers daily to faster and accurate customer demands. Banks are
using a computer to deposit customer money in their account. In this case, the cashier enters the
account number of customers in their banking application, they first confirm the account number
and customer details and then enter the deposited amount in their banking application by the use
of the keyboard.
This process is faster and accurate. Banks are also providing ATMs to withdraw and cash
deposit ATMs for their customers. Whenever we deposit, withdraw money we get messages on
our mobile number. We can see and print our transaction records without visiting banks. The
whole process of banking is done by a computer. The innovative uses of computer in banking are
that customer can operate their bank account by doing internet banking. Banks are providing the
customer with accessing, transferring money, monthly bills, or shopping bills by the use of
computers and mobile.

20
 Also by the use computer customer can get knowledge about various bank loan schemes
such as a business loan, home loan, and car loan. The customer can also check on the bank
websites about loan eligibility and if they are eligible they can apply for the bank loan. Such uses
of banking in our daily life are stored, calculated, and managed by computers with speed and
accuracy. The use of the computer in banking not only saving our productive time but also
reducing the infrastructure cost of banks.
5. Uses of the Computer in Government Offices
The government works or official works take more time to complete in the past. There
was lots of staff required in the past to manage citizen’s works. But today citizens, consumers
are getting a solution with high speed and accuracy. Because of the use of computers in official
works. There are so many applications that speed the process and quality of official works. Such
as Microsoft Office package, email, video conferencing tools are few applications that speed the
work of government offices with accuracy.

6. Uses of the Computer in the Home

The computer uses at home depends on the user. There are so many people using the
computer at home. Some people are using a computer to take online classes. Some people using
the computer to do online business. Some people are using the computer to listen to songs and to
watch movies etc.
Else the use of the computer in the home provides great advantages. Such you can access
banking and business services from home. You can communicate with people around the world
through the use of the computer. You can use a computer at home for learning new skills and
hobbies. You can use a computer to calculate and manage monthly expenses by using MS excel.
You can create gift cards, birthday messages by using Microsoft word. You can edit, restore, and
manipulate family photographs by the use of Adobe Photoshop. Else you can use the computer
with the internet to do online shopping and you can start an online business too.

The use of a computer at home daily life is saving our time. The computer also saves
money in our daily home life. Such as if you have a computer at home, you don’t need to buy a
DVD player to watch movies and to listen to songs. You don’t need to go cyber café to collect
and print notes. All kinds of small works that we do each day cost us money. But using computer
application at home save our money, time and also provide entertainment and various ways to
pass time.

7. Uses of the Computer in Marketing

The use of a computer with the internet is creating new ways to do the product and
services marketing online. Digital marketing services, products, websites, and businesses are
growing. Businesses can use a computer to type marketing content, to publish content marketing
articles on websites and social media. They can sell and market their products on portals or such
as Amazon. Businesses can use PPC to get a quick ROI for their marketing budget.
Companies can chat, email, outsource, apply and can do various works that included in
Internet Marketing such as website designing, Search engine optimization, PPC, Content
Marketing, Social Media Marketing, etc. all by the use of a computer to market their product and
services in best possible ways.

8. A computer used by various people around the world for different reasons and purposes

21
  Kids: – Kids use the computer in their daily life to play games, to use drawing tools, and
to watch funny (cartoon) videos.
 High school students: – Schools students can use a computer to learn Hindi English
Typing. Students can learn and use digital communication tools. They can learn about
online safety and etiquette. They can use drawing tools to explore creativity and inside
artists in them such as by using paint programs in the Windows computer. They can also
learn to do photo editing and graphic designing. The uses of a computer for school
students should be to explore creativity and imagination. Online research can help school
students to collect and understand the data and information about a particular book and
chapters. Students can use MS-Office to create assignments, to do the mathematical
calculation, presentation, etc. I am sure that many Indian schools students are doing these
activities in schools and on home computers.
 College students: – The use of a computer with the internet for college students is really
important. Information Technology education helps them in their study no matter what
kind of degree they are doing. They not only need to learn about Information Technology
but they need to use technology for their career. College students use Microsoft Word to
create an assignment, notes, letters, and books. They use excel spreadsheet to
mathematical calculation, data visualization by using Charts, they solve and learn various
logical formulas. Many students are learning online etiquette skills and safety. They are
using the computer and the internet to create websites. But the biggest use of a computer
for college students is that they can join online degree programs. Many students are taking
online classes from their homes. Students are connecting with teachers by using video
conferencing applications and devices. Students with the use of a computer are getting
faster information and knowledge from multiple sources. Such uses of computers in
student’s daily life are really important.
 Job seekers: – Job seekers use the computer to learn computer skills that help them to
get a job. They learn to use Ms-Office, English and Hindi Typing, Internet research, File
management, printing, MS-Office, use of the business application, and social media skills
in their daily life. Job seekers who are IT literate or have productive computer skills get
a job quicker than people with only job-specific skills.
 Business owners: – Business owners use computer-based on-demand and urgency.
Commonly they use a computer daily to watch YouTube videos, upload family and travel
photos on social media, etc. They also use the computer for business planning and team
management. They use a computer for financial management. Also, the use of a computer
is depending on the nature of the business. But commonly project management, financial
planning, social networking, emails, letter writing, presentation, and Internet research are
few uses of computers in the daily life of business owners.
 Computer Professional & IT people: – The real truth is that there are no other uses of
anything other than the computer in the daily life of IT people. There are more than 12
hours of average IT people spend their time on a computer according to me. In which
they learn on the computer, they work on the computer, they communicate on a computer,
they hire people on the computer, they order pizza on the computer, they transfer and
receive money on the computer, they watch movies on the computer, and they are still
trying to do everything on the computer.

But the benefits and results you’re seeing today on the computer and internet world are done by
IT professionals around the world. Without IT people in this world, nothing is possible that you’re
seeing on the Internet and computer today.

22
9. Uses of Computer in New Habits—Impact of computer in our life
Our life is fully impacted by computers. Today the use of the computer with internet
connection in daily life changed our habits. We’re creating new kinds of habits. Such as listening
to music on the computer, earning money online, doing internet banking, communicating online
with friends and family, running an online business, taking online classes, etc. are new kinds of
habits. It’s a good living practice by a human because many people are in favor of Technology
without data analysis.
The computer can impact our life negatively too if above-paragraphed habits turn into
bad habits. More use of a computer for daily life activities means less physical works and more
mental work. In this case, the accessibility of the brain is increased by so many features of
computers and the Internet. But the physical capacity is decreasing or not growing because of too
much sitting all day in front of the computer. It’s really important for us to make a balance
between brain access and body capacity. Such a balanced use of the computer in daily life will
be great.

10. Uses of the computer to change a life: Computer changed our lives in this way
A digital computer, analog computer, and now the use of hybrid computers are growing
in our daily life. The problem is that the computer is doing our work faster and accurately and
save our time. But then why people do not have any time today for their family. You can say the
computer is changed our lives yes, the computer changed our lives because today we want to use
air purifiers inside the home rather than planting new trees outside. Funny! Very Funny!
So we can’t just sit and not keep watching the things that we don’t like. Instead, we can
change. We have the ability to change. And we will make the change by educating other people
about various things. And education is the method that aligns any developing individuals,
professional, business, and country into the growth and right direction. I know you have learned
lots of things in this complete article. Now it’s your time to use your knowledge and skill at a
greater and bigger level.

So, you need to understand and analyze what you want to do today and what is important for to
you accomplish today by using a computer. Once you will find out it then start using the computer
each day and it will make life easier, faster, and more importantly satisfy at the end of the day.

23
EXERCISES AND DRILLS
PART I. Instruction: The objective of this exercise is to review your learnings from high school
up to present related to ICT. Circle the letter of the correct answer. Erasure will be marked
wrong.

1. What are these buttons called?

a. Window buttons
b. Screen buttons
c. Size buttons
d. Benjamin Buttons

2. What is the name of this Windows element?

3.
a. Work bar
b. Taskbar
c. Program bar
d. Spacebar

4. What is Windows 10?

a. The computer’s operating system
b. A program for displaying images on the screen

5. What is the name of this Windows screen?

a. Desk screen
b. Desk window
c. Desktop
d. Task Window

24
5. What is the name of this row of buttons in Word 2007?

a. Taskbar
b. Home page
c. Ribbon
d. Task Window

6. In which window can you display the available hard drive space most quickly?
a. System Properties
b. My Computer
c. Network
d. My Documents

7. What are documents, drawings, and programs stored on the hard drive called?
a. Folders
b. Files
c. Folder properties
d. DVD

8. What might be going on if you see the following message in the Internet Explorer window?

a. The web page is too large for your screen

b. The computer settings have been adjusted so that this website is not accessible
c. The Internet connection isn’t working
d. Your monitor is not on

9. Are spaces allowed in web addresses?

a. Yes, but only between two letters
b. Yes
c. No

10. What is jumping from one website to another called?

a. Surfing
b. Hyperlinking
c. Leaping

11. Is www.visualsteps@com a proper web address?

a. Yes, this address is correct. As a result of the @ symbol, the first web page is
immediately opened
b. No, because the dot should be replaced by an @ symbol
c. No, because the @ should be replaced by a dot

12. What does downloading from the Internet mean?

a. Retrieving files from the Internet
b. Lowering your game level on the Internet
c. Viewing web pages on the Internet

25
13. What does a green wavy line under a word or phrase in the document mean in Microsoft
Word?
a. The word or phrase has been copied to the clipboard
b. The word or phrase might contain a grammatical error.
c. The word or phrase might be misspelled.

14. What is a search engine?

a. A website where you can click on hundreds of categorized web addresses
b. A website where you can type in key words and search for them in millions of web
pages
c. A program that monitors your surfing behavior on the Internet

15. Which device connects your computer to the Internet?

a. CD rom
b. Hard drive
c. Modem
d. Telephone table

16. What ribbon do you use to change margins?

a. Page Layout
b. View
c. Home
d. Insert
17. Which program below provides user access to delete files?
a. Internet Explorer
b. Windows Manager
c. Windows Explorer

18. In Microsoft Word 2007, a squiggly red line under a word means
a. The dictionary is full
b. The word is misspelled
c. Check your grammer
d. Word does not have a synonym match

19. A folder may contain only one or more files.

a. True
b. False

20. What is the 1 shortcut key in Microsoft Word that will start the spellcheck feature
automatically?
a. F5
b. F4
c. F7
d. F2

21. DOS is an acronym for Device Operating System.

a. True
b. False

26
22. On what tool bar do you need to be on to select the ruler?
a. View
b. Home
c. Page Layout
d. Developer

23. The ribbon consists of a series of ___________ which contains groups of tools related to
specific tasks.
a. Files
b. Tabs
c. Dialog Boxes
d. Task Panes

24. Copy and Paste is a common function allowing copying of data to and from the windows
clipboard.
a. True
b. False

25. This new browser is designed to give Windows users a better experience on the Web.
a. Mozilla Firefox
b. Thunderbird
c. Internet Explorer
d. Microsoft Edge

26. The prefix kilo, as in kilobyte, stands for what number?

a. 10,000
b. 100
c. 1,000,000
d. 1,000

27. A ___________ is a document that provides a preformatted layout for text and graphics, as
well as some content.
a. Wizard
b. Template
c. Letter
d. Thumbnail

28. Pressing the Control key simultaneously with the letter C key copies the highlighted
intem(s) allowing for a subsequent paste operation.
a. True
b. False

29. The first time you save a document in word you must name the file.
a. True
b. False

30. In Word, you can only undo the last change made to the document.
a. True
b. False

27
31. The Windows Task Manager allows the user to monitor the current CPU and memory
utilization.
a. True
b. False

32. In Word, a quick way to change all the instances of the word beautiful with the word
picturesque is to use the ___________ feature.
a. Find and Replace
b. Thesaurus
c. Document Information
d. Properties

33. The Windows Task Manager appears after which key sequence?
a. Control-Alt-Insert
b. Control-Alt-Space
c. Control-Alt-Delete

34. The Standard Toolbar

a. Provides a list of pull-down menu names.
b. Displays information about commands being selected
c. Is used to execute commonly performed actions.
d. Is used to bring hidden parts of a document into view.

35. A folder has the same meaning as the term directory.

a. True
b. False

36. What page view can you use to see what it will look like when printed?
a. Draft View
b. Outline View
c. Print View
d. Reading View

37. The Windows Task bar shows which programs are currently running on the computer.
a. True
b. False

38. What is the short cut key of moving your text from page 1 to page 2?
a. Enter
b. Ctrl + Enter
c. PG DN
d. Shift + Enter

39. What is the name of this window screen?

a. Backstage
b. Info Section
c. Info Window
d. File Menu

40. In Word, Table of Contents is located on what menu?

28
 a. View
b. Page Layout
c. References
d. Mailings

41. What do you called the function selected on the circle below?
a. Menus
b. Quick access toolbar
c. Toolbar window
d. Option button

42. What do you called a virtual assistant in your windows?

a. Siri
b. Qirby
c. Cortana
d. Alexa

43. What program allows the user to modify the computer's settings?
a. Utility Manager
b. Control Panel
c. System Information
44. What do you called this window screen?

a. Multiple desktops and Task View

b. Search Pane
c. Navigation Pane
d. Task Manager and Scaling

45. The Windows's Registry application provides a central depository for the storing of user
settings, and program configurations.
a. True
b. False

29
46. What key must be pressed to allow multiple selection of files that are interspersed with files
which should not be selected?
a. Alt
b. Shift
c. Control

47. Which key must be pressed to select multiple files that are juxtaposition in Windows
Explorer?
a. Alt
b. Shift
c. Control
48. Upon starting (booting) your computer which drive is used to load windows?
a. Drive-A
b. Drive-B
c. Drive-C

49. A megabyte is equal to how many bytes?

a. 512
b. 1024
c. 2048
d. None of the above

50. What subsystem within your computer stores information temporaily for use by the
system's Central Processor Unit (CPU)?
a. USB
b. RAM
c. Front Side Bus

51. What is the intersection of a column and a row on a worksheet called ____?r !!
a. Column
b. Value
c. Address
d. Cell

52. What type of chart is useful for comparing values over categories?
a. Pie Chart
b. Column Chart
c. Line Chart
d. Dot Graph

53. A shortcut key to Switch between open workbooks/windows.

a. Ctrl + F6
b. Ctrl + 5
c. Ctrl + Tab
d. Ctrl + F8

54. Ctrl + Shift + # is a key for ________.

a. Format number in currency format
b. Format number in comma format

30
 c. Format number in date format
d. Format number in percentage format
55. The Conditional Formatting feature is used to:
a. Set the default cell format
b. Change the style of cells meeting a condition
c. Format conditional statements
d. Format cells conditional on the text size

56. Which functioning Excel checks whether a condition is true or not ?

a. SUM c. IF
b. COUNT d. AVERAGE
57. What type of chart will you use to compare performance of two employees in the year
2016?
a. Column Chart
b. Line Chart
c. Pie Chart
d. Dot Chart

58. The Greater Than sign (>) is an example of _____ operator.

a. Arithmatic
b. Logical
c. Conditional
d. Greater

59. What type of chart is useful for showing trends or changes over time?
a. Pie Chart
b. Column Chart
c. Line Chart
d. Dot Graph

60. The ____ feature of MS Excel quickly completes a series of data

a. Auto Complete
b. Auto Fill
c. Fill Handle
d. Sorting

61. How will you graphically represent expenditure in different departments?

a. Column Chart
b. Line Chart
c. Pie Chart
d. Dot Chart

62. How can you create a uniform appearance by adding a background image to all slides?
a. Create a template
b. Edit the slide master
c. Use the autocorrect wizard
d. All of the above

63. To select one hyperlink after another during a slide presentation, what do you press?
a. Tab

31
 b. Ctrl + K
c. Ctrl + h
d. All of above

64. In the context of animations, what is a trigger?

a. An action button that advances to the next slide
b. An item on the slide that performs an action when clicked
c. The name of a motion path
d. All of above

65. Special effects used to introduce slides in a presentation are called

a. Transitions
b. Custom animations
c. Effects
d. Present animations

66. An Excel file is generally called a / an:

a. E-Spreadsheet
b. Woorksheet
c. Workbook
d. Sheet

67. In Excel, which one denoted a range from B1 through E5

a. B1 - E5
b. B1:E5
c. B1 to E5
d. B1$E5

68. On an excel sheet the active cell in indicated by?

a. By italic text
b. A blinking border
c. A dark wide border
d. A dotted border

69. What term describes explanatory text attached to a cell?

a. Comment
b. Context
c. Callout
d. Dialog

70. With which of the following all formulas in excel starts?

a. /
b. =
c. &
d. %

71. What type of RJ45 UTP cable is used between switches?

a. Crossover cable

32
 b. Straight-through
c. Crossover with a router in between the two switches
d. Crossover with a CSU/DSU

72. __________ is a group of independent computers attached to one another through

communication media.
a. Internet
b. E-mail
c. Network
d. All the above

73. LAN stands for

a. Location access network
b. Local anti network
c. Local area network
d. Location area network

74. Which of the following are unique characteristics of half-duplex Ethernet when compared
to full-duplex Ethernet?
1. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a shared collision domain.
2. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a private collision domain.
3. Half-duplex Ethernet has higher effective throughput.
4. Half-duplex Ethernet has lower effective throughput.
a. 2 only c. 1 and 4
b. 1,2 and 3 d. 4 only

75. When a custom tab stop is set, Word

a. Clears all default tab stops
b. Clears all default tab stops to the right of the custom tab stop
c. Clears all default tab stops to the left of the custom tab stop
d. Does not clear any default tab stops

76. When inserting Page number in footer it appeared 1 but you wish to show a. How can you
do that?
a. From format menu choose bullets and Number and configure necessary
setting
b. From Insert menu choose Page Number and specify necessary setting
c. Click on Page Number Format tool and specify required setting
d. All of above

77. When inserting Page number in footer it appeared 1 but you wish to show a. How can you
do that?
a. From format menu choose bullets and Number and configure necessary
setting
b. From Insert menu choose Page Number and specify necessary setting
c. Click on Page Number Format tool and specify required setting
d. All of above

33
78. Which of the following is a specification that combines video and audio into a single digital
interface?
a. MHL
b. HDMI
c. Serial Port
b. All of these

79. _____ is a way to quickly access a favorite website by saving it in your browser.
a. Cookie c. Blog
b. Bookmark d. Both (1) and (2)

80. Which of the following is used to move your paragraph closer to margin?
a. Change case
b. Increase indent
c. Decrease indent
d. Both (1) and (2)

81. _______ is the masking of server resources, including the number and identity of individual
physical servers, processors, and operating systems, from server users.
a. PC virtualization
b. Server virtualization
c. Desktop virtualization
d. All of these
82. Which of the following is the activity of purchasing items and products form different
websites on the internet and using online modes, such as credit cards and debit cards, to
make the payments?
a. E-banking
b. Online shopping
c. M-reservation
d. Online reservation
83. _________ ports connect special types of music instruments to sound cards.
a. MIDI
b. OCR
c. USB
d. BUS
84. Identify the volatile storage device amongst the following devices?
a. RAM
b. ROM
c. Hard disc
d. Magnetic tape
85. A commonly used graphic format for the Web is ______.
a. TXT
b. GIF
c. BMP

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 d. TIF
86. Which of the following is a storage device that uses rigid, permanently installed magnetic
disks to store data/information?
a. New Disk
b. Permanent disk
c. Optical disk
d. Hard disk

87. Which among the following term is used for: Unauthorized copying of software to be used
for personal gain instead of personal backups?
a. Program thievery
b. Data snatching
c. Software piracy
d. Program looting
88. Artificial intelligence is used in which of the following generations of computers?
a. Second
b. Third
c. Fifth
d. Fourth
89. In first generation of computers, they used:
a. Batch processing
b. Multithreading
c. Multiprogramming
d. Networking

90. Which of the following computers exhibits the features of both analog the digital
computers?
a. Hybrid computer
b. Mini computer
c. Mainframe computer
d. Laptop
91. Storing same data in many places is called _______
a. Data Enumeration
b. Data Redundancy
c. Data Iteration
d. Data Concurrency
92. Virtual memory is ______
a. an extremely large main memory
b. an illusion of extremely large main memory
c. a type of memory
d. All of these

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93. The path of the creation of an executable program is _______
a. Coding, linking, compiling, parsing
b. Coding, parsing, compiling, linking
c. Coding, compiling, parsing, linking
d. Coding, compiling, linking, parsing
94. An email feature, which is used to send a copy of an email to one or many other people at
the same time that you are sending it to the main recipient/s is called
a. CC
b. BCC
c. To
d. None of these
95. The process of analyzing large data sets in search of new, previously undiscovered
relationships is known as ______
a. Data mining
b. Data marting
c. Data maintenance
d. Data warehousing
96. Which of the printer used in conjunction with computers uses dry ink powder?
a. Daisy Wheel printer
b. Thermal Printer
c. Laser Printer
d. Line Printer
97. Which is an electronic device that can store temporarily a single bit of data?
a. Accumulator
b. Latch
c. Memory
d. Buffer

98. To protect yourself from computer hacker intrusions you should install a ___.
a. firewall
b. macro
c. trailer
d. script

99. The information of credit and debit card are stored on _______
a. Magnetic Strip card
b. Mega Strip card
c. Magnetic data card
d. Magnetic information card

100. A list of rules for transferring data over a network is known as______
a. Protocol
b. Program code
c. Rules
d. All of these

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