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ENVIRONMENT
SOLAR POWER
RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
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Living in 2023, we all do realize the importance of shifting
dependency on
renewable sources of energy
for our needs. With limited resources, climate change,
environmental concerns, and for our future generations to
sustain, being conscious of our choices is not an option; rather,
it is a requisite for our survival. Renewable energy sources
refer to sustainable energy – something that can’t run out or
is endless, like the sun or wind. Adapting to renewable sources
of energy can gradually eliminate our dependency on fossil
fuels, provide clean and sustainable energy and help reduce
our carbon footprint. One of the key energy sources we are
currently exploring is solar energy. We have been harnessing
solar energy for thousands of years—to grow crops, stay
warm, and dry foods, and with time we have also accelerated
to using it for electricity generation.
What Is Solar Power?
Solar radiation is light – also known as electromagnetic
radiation – that is emitted by the sun. These radiations are
capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or
generating electricity. With the use of solar technologies, this
radiation is captured and transformed into valuable forms of
energy. Solar energy systems come in all shapes and sizes,
From residential systems found on rooftops to Utilities, like
large solar power plants aiming to provide energy to all
customers connected to the grid; one can choose as per the
requirement. Classic crystalline silicon panels and emerging
technologies using thin-film solar cells, including building-
integrated photovoltaics, can be installed by homeowners and
businesses on their rooftops to replace or augment the
conventional electric supply.
 

 
How Does Solar Power Work?
Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy
either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors
that concentrate solar radiation. This energy can be used to
generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal
storage.
 
Photovoltaics Basics
When the sun shines onto a solar panel, energy from the
sunlight gets absorbed by the PV cells in the panel. In such
cells, a small electric voltage is generated when light strikes
the junction between a metal and a semiconductor (such as
silicon) or the junction between two different semiconductors.
This energy creates electrical charges that move in response

to an internal electric field in the cell, causing electricity to

flow.
 
Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power Basics
Concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) systems use
multiple lenses / reflectors / mirrors to reflect and
concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect solar energy
and convert it to heat, which can then be used to produce
electricity or stored for later use. It is used primarily in huge
power plants.
 
Thermal Energy Basics
On a much larger scale, solar-thermal power plants employ
various techniques to concentrate the sun's energy as a heat
source. The heat is then used to boil water to drive a steam
turbine that generates electricity in much the same fashion as
coal and nuclear power plants, supplying electricity for
thousands of people.
 
Solar Energy In India
India is endowed with vast solar energy potential. About 5,000
trillion kWh per year of energy is incident over India's land area,
with most parts receiving 4 7 kWh per sq m per day This
with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq. m per day. This
justifies why Solar energy has taken a central place in India's
National Action Plan on Climate Change, with National Solar
Mission (NSM) as one of the core Missions. NSM is a major
initiative of the Government of India with active participation
from States to promote ecologically sustainable growth while
addressing India's energy security challenges. The Mission had
the target of installing 100 GW grid-connected solar power
plants by the year 2022. Recently, India stands 4th in solar PV
deployment across the globe as of the end of 2021. Solar
power installed capacity has reached around 61.97 GW as of
30th November 2022.

 
Benefits Of Solar Energy
A. Sustainability
The foremost advantage of solar energy is that it is a
sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. While fossil fuels have an
expiration date that may be fast approaching, the sun is likely
to be around for at least a few billion years. Since the sun
shines across the globe, it makes every country a potential
energy producer, thus allowing for greater energy
independence and security.
 
B. Impact on the Environment
Solar energy has the least negative impact on the environment
compared to any other energy source as it does not produce
greenhouse gas emissions like CO2, as well as other dangerous
pollutants such as sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and
particulate matter. Also, it does not pollute the water.
 
C. Reduce Your Energy Bill
Generating your own electricity means that you will be using
less from the utility supplier, which immediately translates to

savings on your energy bill. Additionally, you can also make

money by selling the unused electricity, which you have
generated, back to the grid.
 

 
D. Solar Energy Is Accessible Everywhere
As long as there is sunshine, solar energy can be deployed
anywhere, including remote regions, with no access to any
a y e e, c ud g e o e eg o s, o access o a y
other source of electricity. Independent solar systems could
be deployed in those regions and improve the lives of millions
of people. Moreover, solar energy is also used to power up
spacecraft and boats.
 
E.  Low Maintenance Costs
solar energy doesn't require any external supply to work, so its
maintenance and energy production costs are practically zero.
Moreover, Solar energy systems generally don't require a lot of
care. You only need to keep them relatively clean, so cleaning
them a couple of times per year will be enough for their
smooth functioning.
 
F. Minimal loss of energy during long-distance transport

Losses during the transport and distribution of energy

increase with the distance between the production and supply
points. Although these losses are not very large, they do affect
the performance of the installation in densely-populated
areas. Since the panels are practically on rooftops, the
distances are drastically reduced, increasing the efficiency of
the electrical system.
 
The Future Of Solar Energy
 gy
It is an astonishing fact that the amount of sunlight that strikes
the earth's surface in an hour and a half is enough to handle
the entire world's energy consumption for a full year. In stark
contrast to the finite fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and
natural gas, the inexhaustible supply and its non-polluting
character make Solar energy a smart, sustainable choice for
the present scenario. Solar PV accounted for 3.6% of global
electricity generation in 2021, and it remains the third largest
renewable electricity technology behind hydropower and wind.
If judiciously harnessed, this highly diffused source has the
potential to satisfy all future energy needs.
 

 
Key Takeaways
Solar energy can help reduce electricity costs and contribute
to a resilient electrical grid. The only concern with Solar power
is that though solar energy itself is free, the high cost of its
collection, conversion, and storage still limits its exploitation in
 g
many places. Further work is needed to improve the efficiency
and cost-effectiveness of these devices for industrial use.
With new developments, we will surely witness tremendous
opportunities and solutions regarding the same. Technology in
the solar power industry is constantly advancing, and
improvements will intensify in the future. Innovations in
quantum physics and nanotechnology can potentially increase
the effectiveness of solar panels and double, or even triple, the
electrical input of solar power systems. It is also important to
note that solar power lets us avoids the costs associated with
environmental damage through extraction, spills, and dealing
with pollution created through combustion. Despite the
drawbacks, solar energy use has surged at about 20 percent a
year over the past 15 years, thanks to rapidly falling prices and
gains in efficiency. Japan, Germany, India, and the United
States are major markets for solar cells. With tax incentives
and efficient coordination with energy companies, solar
electricity can often pay for itself in five to ten years. If we
wish to mend the damage we have already done to mother
earth, we all must join hands and be together in this, taking all
possible measures at the individual level as well.
  
References
- https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/how-does-solar-work
- https://www.edfenergy.com/for-
home/energywise/renewable-energy-sources
- https://www.britannica.com/science/solar-energy
- https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/solar-power
-
https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/09/7-benefits-of-
using-solar-energy

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