no 44 GRAMMAR Countable and uncountable nouns 1 a, an, some, any Countable nouns We can count countable nouns. They have plural s a bottle two bottles three bottles © Singular nouns with a/an We use an before words beginning with a vowel. Tve got an umbrella, Do you want an orange? Some words are irregular because the sound is different. an hour (the h is silent) a university © Plural nouns with some, any, not any We use some for statements. There are some chairs in the other room. We use any for questions, Are there any chairs in the other room? We use not... any for negatives. There aren’t any chairs in the other room. Uncountable (mass) nouns We cannot count uncountable nouns, They do not have plural s. some coffee some milk some rice © Uncountable/mass nouns with some, any, not any Statement We bought some tea. Question Did you buy any tea? Negative We didn’t buy any tea. We can use some with polite questions, or when we expect the answer ‘yes. Could you buy me some tea? (polite question) Are there some sandwiches for me? (expecting the answer ‘yes’)GRAMMAR 44 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 1 1 Choose a or some. 2 Underline the correct word in each sentence. 1 Jack hasn't got a/ any brother. There weren't some / any letters for me this morning, Could I have a / some water, please? Iwent to the supermarket because I didn't have a / any milk. There isn’t @ / any railway station in this town, Sorry, we don't have some / any boxes left. Have you got a/ any pen that I can borrow? Naunen 3 Complete the sentences with some or any. 1 There arent....2#4¥.... good restaurants in this town. Don't worry about lunch. I've brought .. sandwiches. You need scissors to cut the paper. .. brothers and sisters? Have you got . think you owe me... .» money. ‘Weld like to stay longer, but we don't have .. .. information please? Naueun Could you give me... nm45 GRAMMAR Countable and uncountable nouns 2 a coffee / some coffee Change of meaning Some nouns have a countable meaning and an uncountable meaning. Countable Uncountable a fish = some fish = a coffee © y » some coffee some paper some on EY some glass Nouns which are always singular ‘These nouns behave like uncountable nouns in English. They do not have an s plural, and always have a singular verb. In other languages they may be countable. advice Can I have some advice? spaghetti Ta like some spaghetti bread Could you buy some bread? English (language) Your English is good! hair Your hair is beautiful! furniture This furniture is very modern. information Could you give me some information? weather The weather is awful! money The money is on the table. luggage My luggage is in the taxi. Other nouns with irregular use people There are some people in the garden. There is a person in the garden. police The police are coming! (singular form, plural verb) news The news is on TV. (plural form, singular verb)GRAMMAR 45 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 2 1 Complete the sentences with a/an or some. 1 eryaueon We need ... ‘wood for the fire. Shall we have... fish? This restaurant is famous for it. Could you bring me. glass, please? Ifyou need paper, there is a box on the shelf. Would you like... rice with your chicken? My shirt is dry now. Have you got... iron? Jack bought . glass to repair the broken windows. Can you buy me. .. paper? There’ an article I want to read. 2 Choose the most suitable word or phrase for each space. 1 I'll post your letters. Have you got B. ? Aastamp Bany stamps Cany stamp The streets were empty. There werent... there. A peoples Bsome people Cany people Have you got ....? I can help you. Aa luggage Bsome luggages _C any luggage Do you like ....? No, I don't. A hot milk Bahot milk C some hot milk We've just moved into our house, and we haver't got .... Aa furniture Bany furniture C some furniture If you pass the supermarket, could you buy .....2 Asome spaghetti Bany spaghetti. Ca spaghetti Can you help me? Ta like Aan advice B some advice C advices 3 Complete the sentences with is or are. eYaneen a Helen's hair. ery long. ‘The weather «unm Feally good at the moment. Don't worry. The police here .. very friendly. Can you turn on the television? The news on. Women ....onsne-n usually better listeners than men. Where Your glasses Davids French . . the money that I gave you yesterday? ..on the table. good. Hes been taking lessons. 1346 GRAMMAR much, many many ‘With countable nouns we use many in questions and negatives. Are there many students in your class? There aren't many seats. ‘We use many in formal statements, ‘Mr Harrison visited Argentina many years ago. In informal statements, we use lots of. There are lots of seats. much With uncountable nouns, we use much in questions and negatives. There isn't much time. Is there much time? In informal statements, we use lots of. There is lots of time. How much... ? ‘Use with uncountables. How much homework have you got? Lots! How much time have we got? We've got fifteen minutes. How much milk do you want? Not much. How many... ? Use with countables. How many pages do you have to read? Ten. How many brothers and sisters have you got? Two brothers. How many people are there here? A hundred. How many players are there? Not very many. 14GRAMMAR 46 MUCH, MANY 1 Underline the correct word in each sentence. 1 eyauawn There isn’t many / much food in the fridge, I'm afraid. Have you read many / much books in German? We don't have many / much rain in the summer, There isn’t many / much coffee left. You haven't made many / much mistakes. Have you got many / much friends in this town? Hurry up. We haven't got many / much time. Do many / much cars park in this street? 2 Complete the questions with How much or How many. eyaneune money have you got? students are in the class? words do we have to write? paper do you need? pages are there in this book? time have we got left? water do you drink in a day? .. times have you been to London? 3 Complete the sentences. Use one word in each space. eyanewne T'lltry to call you tonight, but I don't have .. time, HOW ..sornsunes times do you brush your teeth every day? Shall I make some more tea? I didn’t make Kate only ate a sandwich because she didn't have There weren't... Seats $0 some of us had to stand up, money. Have you got ... We invited lots of people to our party, but not .. . work, o do you want to come to the cinema? .. turned up. . books. You'll have to share, because there aren't 4 Read the answers. Write a question for each answer. Use How much or How many. Noaueune _Hew. many brothers have You. got? ve got two brothers. I know a lot of English! ‘There are ten people. I need two bicycles. Td like a lot of rice. He has got three children. Thaven't got any money. 1547 GRAMMAR too much, too many, enough too much We use foo much with uncountables. Too much means ‘more than we want’ or ‘more than is necessary. I've put too much sugar in my tea. _ (more than I wanted) Tye got too much work. (more than is possible to complete) too many We use too many with countables. Too many means ‘more than we want’ or ‘more than is necessary’ There are too many students in this class. (It’s very crowded.) Tve got too many books. I need some new shelves! (The shelves are full.) enough, not enough We use enough with both countables and uncountables. Enough means ‘the right number or quantity. We've got enough chairs. (We don't need any more.) Thanks, I’ve got enough milk. (I don't want any more.) We can use enough with questions and negatives. Are there enough chairs? No. There are twenty people and fifteen chairs. Is there enough time? Yes. We can have lunch and then catch the bus. ‘There aren't enough chairs. (We need some more.) ‘There isn’t enough water. (We need some more.) There are too many students in the classroom. There aren’t enough chairs, 116GRAMMAR 47 TOO MUCH, TOO MANY, ENOUGH 1 Choose the most suitable sentence (1-6) for each picture (a-f). auewene There is too much noise. ‘There are too many people. There isn’t enough water. Thaven't got enough money. There aren't enough chairs. 1 put too much pepper in it. 7ELEMENTARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE 118 2 Underline the correct sentence. 1 Sorry, but I cant pay the A. I've got too much money. B_Lhaven't got enough money. 2 I cooked spaghetti for ten, but only two people came. A I've got too much spaghetti, B I've got too many spaghetti. 3. Jim is very lonely. A. He has got too many friends. B He hasn't got enough friends. 4 You can't take ten suitcases on the plane! A. You've got too much luggage. B_ You haven't got enough luggage. 5. Please share the books, one between two. ‘A. There are too many books B There aren't enough books. 6 Eight people cant go in one taxi. A There is too much room, B There isn’t enough room, 7 We didn't enjoy our holiday. ‘A. There was too much rain, B_ There wasn't enough rain. 8 Please write this again, A There are too many mistakes. B There aren't enough mistakes. 9 I’m too tired to go out! A I've had too much sleep. B Thaver't had enough sleep. 10 This bread tastes horrible! A. There is too much salt init, B There are too many salt init. 3 Choose the best ending (a-j) for each sentence (1-10). 1 cant play tennis now, a) There isn’t enough light. 2 [feel abit sick. b) There's too much noise. 3. [can't drive you home. ©) Thaven't got enough sugar. 4 I can't have a bath. 4) [ve got too many clothes. 5. There is no room in my wardrobe. \\_ e) I haven't got enough petrol. 6 I can't sleep in this room. £)_ T've got too much homework, 7 Icant read here. g) Thaven't got much money. 8 I car’t eat this soup. h) T've eaten too many apples. 9 Ican't make a cake. i) There's too much salt in it. 10 I can't buy a new bike. j) There isn’t enough hot water. 4 Choose the most suitable word or phrase for each space. 1 There is no room on the bus. There are A. people. ‘A too many B too much C not enough 2. I'm still very hungry. There was... food. A too much Bnotenough — Cenough 3. Have we got... drinks for the party? Aenough B too many C not enough 4. John didn’t buy the computer game. It cost ..... money. ‘Atoo many Benough Ctoo much 5. We can't go to the library today. There is..... time. ‘A too many Benough C not enough10 GRAMMAR 47 TOO MUCH, TOO MANY, ENOUGH ‘Yuk! This sandwich is disgusting. There’... salt in it, A too much Benough C too many ‘My homework is very difficult. There are .... new words to learn Anotenough —_B too many Cenough money to buy a car. She's lucky! Benough C too many We cant all sleep in here. There are... beds. Anotenough —_B too many Cenough Clare is very happy. She had ..... friends at her party. A too much Benough C not enough 5 Rewrite each sentence so it has the same meaning. Use too much or too many and the words in bold. 1 This room is very crowded. people There. ave. kaa. ning pec . 2. Ican't hear anything you say! noise 3. Tm very busy, so I can't come out. things to do 4. There is a traffic jam in the city centre. cars 5 My coffee is very sweet! I can't drink sugar 6 [can’t find room on the shelves for all my books! books 7 I'm very busy so I can't come out, work 8 Your homework is not accurate. mistakes 9 You can't come on the plane with all that luggage! bags 10. This room is crowded with tables and chairs! furniture 19