DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY

San Ignacio St., Poblacion, City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan 3023
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Mathematics
Quarter IV – Module 1
Introduction to Statistics
Mathematics - Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 1: Introduction to Statistics

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 7

Mathematics
Quarter IV – Module 1
Introduction to Statistics

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message

This Self- Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher's assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module,
you need to answer the post-test to self - check your learning. Answer keys are provided for
each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts, uses and importance
of Statistics, data collection/gathering and the different forms of data representation,
measures of central tendency, measures of variability, and probability.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to collect and organize data systematically and compute
accurately measures of central tendency and variability and apply these appropriately
in data analysis and interpretation in different fields.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learner poses real-life problems that can be solved by Statistics and
formulates simple statistical instruments.

After going through this module, students shall be able to:

1. define statistics and terms related to it;
2. classify data (a) in terms of its nature and (b) using the four levels of
measurement;
3. identify real-life problems that can be solved by Statistics; and,
4. formulate simple statistical instruments.

What I Know

Before proceeding to our lesson in this module, let us check your prior
knowledge for this lesson. Answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of
paper. Choose the letter of your answer.

1. What is the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data?
A. Algebra C. Statistics
B. Geometry D. Trigonometry

2. Which of the following is a complete collection of all elements to be studied?

A. Census C. Sample
B. Population D. Statistics

3. Which of the following is a subset of a population that will serve as a

representative of the whole population?
A. Census C. Sample
B. Population D. Statistics

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4. Which of the following situations can statistics NOT be applied?
A. Describing the scores of the students.
B. Collecting and analyzing data from experiments.
C. Reading educational books for literacy.
D. Identifying the favorite pass time of students.

5. It can be characterized by numbers representing counts or measurements,

what nature of data is it?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

6. What is the nature of data that can be distinguished by some nonnumeric

characteristics?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

7. If quantitative data takes on numerical value that can be measured on a

numerical scale, which of the following is NOT a quantitative data?
A. Age C. Weight
B. Height D. Rank

8. Which of the following data results from either a finite number of possible values
or countable number of possible values as 0, or 1, or 2, and so on?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

9. Which of the following data result from infinitely many possible values that can
be associated with points on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no
gaps or interruptions?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

10. What level of measurement is characterized by data that consist of names,

labels, or categories only?
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

11. Which of the following is TRUE about qualitative data?

A. It can be nominal.
B. It can be ratio.
C. It can be interval.
D. It can be discrete.

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12. Qualitative is to categorical as to Quantitative is to _________.
A. Continuous
B. Discrete
C. Nominal
D. Numerical

13. What level of measurement involves data that may be arranged in some order
but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are
meaningless?
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

14. A level of measurement involves meaningful amounts of differences between

data and has no absolute zero is called _________.
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

15. What level of measurement has all the properties of interval level but has true
zero point or absolute zero?
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

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 What’s In

Before you proceed to the main topic of this module, let us first check if you
already mastered a skill that is very essential in answering the activities not only for
this module but for the modules to come. Read and analyze the information given
below and answer the questions that follow.

Tanglawan Festival is one of the most anticipated events in

City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan. It was first launched in
2016 during its 16th City Anniversary Celebration. In
September 2017, the city attempted to achieve the title of “The
World’s Largest Lantern Parade” in the Guinness World
Records. Sapang Palay National High School, was one
of the participating schools to join the lantern parade.
There were many students who volunteered to be a part
of this historic event. The information about the student
volunteers is presented below:

Table 1. Number of Students who Participated per Grade Level

Grade Level Number of Participants
7 25
8 30
9 35
10 40

GENDER OF Tanglawan Festival

PARTICIPANTS 50
40
40
30
Female 30
20
41% 10 18 20

Male 0
59% Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10

Participants who finished the parade

Questions:
1. What grade level had the most number of participants?
2. How many Grade 8 participants were there?
3. How many students participated in the event? How many students finished it?
4. What is the percentage of female participants?
5. How many Grade 7 participants finished the parade?

Good job! Identifying data presented through charts, graphs, and tables is an
essential skill as you go through this quarter. You are now ready for a new lesson!

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 What’s New

Ana is a very curious and thoughtful girl! She wanted to know the favorites and
preferences of her friends Lyn, Joan, Jov, Rosa, and Maine not only to treat and
understand them better but also for her to think of ways on how they can get along
well as a group. Instead of asking them one by one, she decided to print a simple
questionnaire and ask her friends to answer it. Here are the answers of her friends:

Name: _LYN__ Name: _JOAN__ Name: _ROSA__

Favorite color: ___red___ Favorite color: ___blue___ Favorite color: __blue__

Favorite fruit: ___mango__ Favorite fruit: ___apple___ Favorite fruit: _ apple___
Favorite sport to watch. Favorite sport to watch. Favorite sport to watch.
a. Volleyball a. Volleyball a. Volleyball
b. Basketball b. Basketball b. Basketball
c. Badminton c. Badminton c. Badminton
d. Chess d. Chess d. Chess
The way you prefer to spend The way you prefer to spend The way you prefer to spend
your free time. your free time. your free time.
a. Reading a. Reading a. Reading
b. Listening to music b. Listening to music b. Listening to music
c. Surfing the internet c. Surfing the internet c. Surfing the internet
d. Watching movies d. Watching movies d. Watching movies
Which do you prefer to do? Which do you prefer to do? Which do you prefer to do?
a. Singing a. Singing a. Singing
b. Dancing b. Dancing b. Dancing
c. Acting c. Acting c. Acting

Name: _JOV__ Name: _CHARM__

Favorite color: __blue__ Favorite color: __purple__

Favorite fruit: _ apple___ Favorite fruit: _ orange___
Favorite sport to watch. Favorite sport to watch.
a. Volleyball a. Volleyball
b. Basketball b. Basketball
c. Badminton c. Badminton
d. Chess d. Chess
The way you prefer to spend The way you prefer to spend
your free time. your free time.
a. Reading a. Reading
b. Listening to music b. Listening to music
c. Surfing the internet c. Surfing the internet
d. Watching movies d. Watching movies
Which do you prefer to do? Which do you prefer to do?
a. Singing a. Singing
b. Dancing b. Dancing
c. Acting c. Acting

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 Now Ana needs your help! She wants to organize the information she gathered!
She was able to tally the favorite color part, can you help her in tallying the results of
the other items?

Favorite Color Tally Total Favorite Fruit Tally Total

Red I 1 Mango
Blue III 3 Apple
Purple I 1 Orange

Favorite sport Tally Total The way you prefer to Tally Total
to watch spend your free time
Volleyball Reading
Basketball Listening to Music
Badminton Surfing the Internet
Chess Watching Movies

Which do you Tally Total

prefer to do?
Singing
Dancing
Acting

You wanted to show a summary of the results to Ana. Write in the table below
the item that got the highest total in each category.

Summary Result
Favorite Color
Favorite Fruit
Favorite sport to watch
The way you prefer to spend your free time
Which do you prefer to do?

Based on the results, answer the following questions:

1. If Ana wants to buy fruits for her friends, she will buy many of what specific fruit?
2. If Ana wants to buy a matching item for their group, what is the color of the item
you think she will choose?
3. Will the group sign up for the Theater Club?

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 Good job! You really did great in helping Ana! Now let us review, put numbers
1-4 in order to show the process of how you helped Ana.

Organizing Information – The answers of Ana’s friends were tallied

Collecting Information – Ana made a simple questionnaire in order to

collect information from her friends.

Analyzing and Making Conclusions – Making judgments and

conclusions based on the results.

Presenting Information – Making a tabular summary of the result.

The process that you have gone through in helping Ana is the same as the
series of processes involved in Statistics! We will dig deeper into this topic in the
next section of this module!

What is It

What you did in the previous section gives you a glimpse of how Statistics
works. You will deal with Statistics for the whole quarter, so it is important that you
know its formal definition. Statistics is a branch of Mathematics that deals with the
collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.
Statistics plays a big role in our daily lives, even without us knowing. Here are
just a few examples.

In education, it is frequently used to describe the scores of the students.

Business owners can provide better product at reasonable costs by

statistical quality control techniques.

.
In science, the data resulting from experiments must be
collected and analyzed. Contagious diseases are controlled
through analysis designed to anticipate epidemics/pandemics
• just like Covid-19.

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 In government, many kinds of statistical data are collected all
the time. An example of this is conducting a survey to identify
the qualified families for 4Ps (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program).

A knowledge of statistics can help you become more critical in your

analysis of information; hence, you will not be misled by the
manufactured polls, graphs, and averages.

In statistics, we commonly use the terms population and sample. These terms are
the very core of Statistics.

A population is a complete collection of all elements to be studied.

A sample is a subset of a population that will serve as a representative of the

whole population.

Sample

Population

The figure above shows a clearer picture of the relationship between population
and sample.
The concept of getting a sample from a population is very crucial in Statistics
because there are times that the whole population is very large that it is not convenient
to gather data from it. A sample should be a good representative of the whole
population. The process of getting a sample is called sampling. This will be thoroughly
discussed on the next module.
It is also important that we know how to determine and classify the data that we
need to process in order to produce information.
The Nature of Data
Some data sets consist of numbers (such as weights), and others are
nonnumerical (such as color). The terms quantitative data and qualitative data are
often distinguished between these two types.

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 1. Qualitative data can be separated into different categories that are
distinguished by some nonnumeric characteristics.
Examples: gender, religion, marital status, eye color
2. Quantitative data consist of numbers representing counts or measurements.
Examples: weight, height, number of siblings
Quantitative data can either be discrete or continuous.
2.1 Discrete data result from either a finite number of possible values or
countable number of possible values as 0, or 1, or 2, and so on. (e.g., number
of siblings)
2.2 Continuous data result from infinitely many possible values that can be
associated with points on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no
gaps or interruptions. (e.g., weight and height)
Exercise
Classify the following as Qualitative or Quantitative. If a variable is
quantitative (numerical), further classify it as Discrete or Continuous.
1. ages of principals
2. height of newborn babies
3. number of students in the classroom
4. brand of cellular phone
5. faculty rank

Answers:
1. Quantitative – Continuous
2. Quantitative – Continuous
3. Quantitative – Discrete
4. Qualitative
5. Qualitative

Moreover, when a data is qualitative, we can classify it further as nominal or

ordinal. If the data is quantitative, we can classify it further as interval or ratio. Another
way to classify data is to use four levels of measurements: nominal, ordinal, interval,
and ratio.
a. Nominal Level of Measurement - characterized by data that consist of names,
labels, or categories only. The different categories are of equal importance.
Examples:
- Gender (Male or Female)
- Color (blue, red, green, etc.)

We cannot say that male is greater than female and vice versa, they are of
equal importance. Same with colors, we cannot say that blue is greater than red and
red is greater than green. Thus, these are examples of data under the nominal level
of measurement.

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 b. Ordinal Level of Measurement - involves data that may be arranged in some
order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are
meaningless. It is in ordinal level if the data can be ranked in some low-to-high
manner.
Examples:
- Size (small, medium and large)
- Awards (first place, second place etc.)

c. Interval Level of Measurement - involves meaningful amounts of differences

between data. It has no true zero point or absolute zero.
Examples:
- Temperature
- Time

There is no absolute zero for temperature since when we have zero degrees
Celsius it does not mean that there is no temperature at all! When zero does not mean
“nothingness”, there is no absolute zero. It is one of the unique characteristics of data
under interval level.

d. Ratio Level of Measurement – contains all the properties of the interval level
but has true zero point or absolute zero.
Examples:
- Income
- Height
- Number of Siblings

When you have zero income, it means you really have no income. When zero
really means “nothing” in such data, then they are under the ratio level.
Exercise:
Determine which of the four levels of measurements (nominal, ordinal,
interval, and ratio) is used.
1. Temperature in San Jose Del Monte Bulacan
2. Money earned for a month.
3. Ranks of personnel in Sapang Palay National High School Mathematics
Department
4. Hair color of a person
5. Nationality

Answers:
1. Interval
2. Ratio
3. Ordinal
4. Nominal
5. Nominal

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 What’s More

Directions: Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper.

I. Classify the following as Qualitative (categorical) or Quantitative (numerical). If a

variable is quantitative, further classify it as discrete or continuous.
1. color of a ball
2. breed of a dog.
3. height of a person
4. number of pets owned.
5. shoe size
6. weight of a doll
7. marital status
8. number of years of education
9. age of a person
10. Gender (male or female)

II. Determine which of the four levels of measurements: nominal, ordinal, interval,
and ratio is used.
1. Annual income of teachers
2. BMI (Body Mass Index) of a student
3. Skin color
4. Class officers’ position
5. Eye Color

What I Have Learned

Let us check what you have learned in our lesson! Write the correct word on a
sheet of paper that meets the clues/definition given below. The answers can be found
in our mystery box.
.
Population Qualitative Ordinal Quantitative Ratio
Statistics Discrete Continuous Nominal Interval

1. A level of measurement which involves data that may be arranged in some

order but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are
meaningless.
2. It is like the ordinal level but with meaningful amounts of differences between
data can be determined. It has no absolute zero.
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 3. A complete collection of all elements (scores, people, …) to be studied.
4. It is a sample where the population is divided into subgroups, so that each
population member is in only one subgroup. In here, individuals are chosen
randomly from each subgroup.
5. A level of measurement that is characterized by data that consist of names,
labels, or categories only.
6. A kind of data that can be separated into different categories that are
distinguished by some nonnumeric characteristics.
7. A result from either a finite number of possible values or countable number of
possible values as 0, or 1, or 2, and so on.
8. It is the interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point (where
zero indicates that none of the quantity is present.
9. A branch of Mathematics that deals with the collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data?
10. A result from infinitely many possible values that can be associated with
points on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps or
interruptions.

What I Can Do

SURVEY YOUR WAY!

One of the easiest statistical instruments to formulate is a survey form. Surveys
are very helpful tool and useful in research among different fields. It is low cost,
extensive, flexible, and dependable. You will create your own today! Follow the steps
below to plan your survey.
STEP 1. Choose your population.
a. Your classmates b. Family Member c. Neighbors SURVEY FORM
STEP 2. Plan on how you will select a sample from your
chosen population.
STEP 3. Determine the thing/topic you are most
interested to know. Choose from the following topics:
a. Habits and Struggles during the Pandemic
b. Online Gaming
c. New normal education
d. Social Media Applications
e. Others: _______ (You can identify your own topic)
STEP 4. Based on your answer in step 3, write a short
description for your survey. Using a clear and simple language, briefly explain
the topic and the purpose of your survey.
STEP 5. Based also on your answer in step 3, determine what questions you will
present in your survey form. Decide whether your questions will be multiple-
choice or whether you will allow survey participants to give any answer they
wish.
STEP 6. Write down your survey questions on a sheet of paper. Make your own
survey form.

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 Rubrics for Grading
7 5 3 1
The learner was The learner was The learner was The learner was
able to write all able to write able to write the not able to write
Strategic
the elements almost all the elements but all the elements
Knowledge
needed on a elements but missed two to needed on a
survey. missed one. four elements survey
The work is The work is The work is The work
presented in a presented in a presented in a appears sloppy
Neatness and neat, clear, and neat, clear, and neat manner and
Organization organized but not but not that unorganized.
fashion organized. clear or
organized.

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What is the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data?
A. Algebra C. Statistics
B. Geometry D. Trigonometry

2. A subset of a population that will serve as a representative of the whole

population is called _____.
A. Census C. Sample
B. Population D. Statistics

3. Which of the following is a complete collection of all elements to be studied?

A. Census C. Sample
B. Population D. Statistics

4. Which of the following situations can statistics be applied?

A. Art appreciation
B. Collecting and analyzing data from experiments.
C. Playing indoor games.
D. Reading educational books for literacy.
5. What is the nature of data that can be distinguished by some nonnumeric
characteristics?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

6. It is characterized by numbers representing counts or measurements. What

nature of data is being described?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

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7. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative data?
A. Eye Color C. Religion
B. Height D. Rank

8. Which of the following data result from infinitely many possible values that can
be associated with points on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no
gaps or interruptions?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

9. Which of the following data results from either a finite number of possible values
or countable number of possible values as 0, or 1, or 2, and so on?
A. Continuous C. Qualitative
B. Discrete D. Quantitative

10. It is characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only.

What level of measurement is being described?
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about quantitative data?

A. It can be nominal.
B. It can be ratio.
C. It can be interval.
D. It can be discrete.

12. The following are classification of a qualitative data EXCEPT one.

A. Continuous
B. Interval
C. Ordinal
D. Ratio

13. What level of measurement involves data that may be arranged in some order
but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are
meaningless?
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

14. A level of measurement that has all the properties of interval level but has true
zero point or absolute zero is called _____.
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

15. What level of measurement involves meaningful amounts of differences

between data has no absolute zero?
A. Interval C. Ordinal
B. Nominal D. Ratio

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Answer the anagrams below to reveal the final message. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper. The first item served as an example for you.

Q U A L I T A T I V E

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 16
WHAT I KNOW
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. C Summary:
14. A - Blue
15. D - Apple
- Volleyball
- Reading
WHAT’S IN
- Dancing
1. Grade 10
2. 30 Sequence: 2,1,4,3
3. 130, 108
WHAT’S MORE
4. 41%
5. 18 I.
1. Qualitative
WHAT’S NEW
2. Qualitative
3. Quantitative –
Continuous
4. Quantitative – Discrete
5. Quantitative – Discrete
6. Quantitative – Discrete
7. Qualitative
8. Quantitative – Discrete
9. Quantitative –
Continuous
10. Qualitative
II.
1. Ratio
2. Ratio
3. Nominal
4. Ordinal
5. Nominal
Answer Key
 17
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ADDITIONAL ACTIVTIES
1. Ordinal
2. Interval
3. Population
4. Nominal
5. Qualitative
6. Quantitative
7. Discrete
8. Ratio
9. Statistics
10. Continuous
WHAT’S I CAN DO
(Answers may vary)
ASSESSMENT
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. D
15. A
References
BOOKS
Bennett, Jennie M. et. al, Mathematics Course 3, Holt McDougal, 2010
Oronce, Orlando A., et. Al. E-Math Worktext in Mathematics, Rex Book Store, 2015
WEBSITES
Its More Fun in Central Luzon. “Tanglawan Festival”. Tourism Website. Accessed
February 15, 2021. https://itsmorefunincentralluzon.com/event/tanglawan-festival/

Snap Surveys. “4 Main Benefits of Survey Research”. Market Research

Development. Accessed February 14, 2021. https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/4-
main-benefits-survey-research/

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 This material was contextualized and localized by the
Learning Resource Management and Development Section (LRMDS)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE

MERLINA P. CRUZ PhD, CESO VI

Officer-in-Charge
Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

ERLEO T. VILLAROS PhD

Officer-in-Charge
Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROLANDO T. SOTELO DEM

Chief Education Supervisor
Curriculum Implementation Division

ANNALYN L. GERMAN EdD

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

MA. CORAZON P. LOJA

Education Program Supervisor, Mathematics

JOVIE B. ACMAN, KHARLYN P. BANZON, ROSE-ANN T. DEIMOS,

ROSALIE M. HABULAN, CHARMAINE LEONILLE G. RIVERA
Sapang Palay National High School
Writers

KHARLYN P. BANZON
Sapang Palay National School
Illustrator

CHARMAINE LEONILLE G. RIVERA

Sapang Palay National High School
Layout Artist

BRYAN M. MANILE
Sapang Palay National High School
Content Editor

CATHLEEN MAE J. ROBLES

Sapang Palay National High School
Language Reviewer

MICHAEL B. ZAMORA
Sapang Palay National High School
Lay-out Evaluator

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of San Jose Del Monte City –

Learning Resource Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

San Ignacio Street, Poblacion, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan

Email Address: lrmssdosjdmc@gmail.com

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