A.

Define the 3 parts of the soul according to Plato:

1. Appetitive - includes all of our various desires for pleasures, comforts, physical satisfactions, and
bodily ease. Plato does not bother enumerating these appetites because there are so many of them, but
he does note that they can often be in conflict with one another. The ugly black horse on the left
represents this aspect of the soul.

2. Spirited - The spirited, or hot-blooded, part, which becomes enraged when it perceives (for example)
an injustice being committed. This is the part of us that enjoys facing and overcoming great challenges,
the part that can withstand adversity, and the part that values victory, winning, challenge, and honor.
(Note that Plato's use of the term "spirited" here is not synonymous with "spiritual." He means
"spirited" in the same sense that we speak of a high-spirited horse, for example, one with a lot of energy
and power.) This element of the soul is represented by the noble white horse on the right.

3. Rational - The charioteer, who is guiding (or should be guiding) the horses and chariot, represents our
conscious awareness. This is the part of us that thinks, analyzes, anticipates, rationally weighs options,
and tries to determine what is best and truest in the long run.

B. What is Transcendental Apperception according to Kant?

- It is the capability of melding "all appearances" into "one experience." Out of all possible appearances
that can coexist in a single experience, this transcendental unity of perception develops, connecting all
these representations in accordance with laws.

C. Define the 3 Aspects of Personality:

ID - all of a person's instinctive behaviors are under control. The id functions on an unconscious level
because it is instinctual and primal. Additionally, it is governed by what Freud called the "pleasure
principle." Any need or desire that a person has will be pursued immediately by the pleasure principle.
For instance, when someone is hungry, they immediately want to eat. When these needs are not met,
individuals may feel tense, uneasy, or anxious.

EGO - a feature of personality that enables the id to express its desires in a reasonable and acceptable
manner. The id gives rise to the ego, which the real world's influence has altered.

It functions according to the reality principle, as defined by Freud. The ego's objective is to satisfy the
unconscious, unreasonable, or unacceptable demands of the id in a way that takes reality into account.
Assessing the situation and weighing the benefits and drawbacks of taking action entails this.

SUPER EGO - A component of personality that aspires to moral behavior is the superego. It consists of all
the internalized morals, values, and beliefs that people pick up from society and their parents. It takes
the longest to develop as a part of personality and typically starts to show between the ages of three
and five.

The superego influences decision-making and judgment.

D. What is Gestalt Psychology?

- According to the school of thought known as "gestalt psychology," we frequently perceive situations
and objects as a single, well-organized whole rather than as a collection of unrelated, random parts. In
other words, according to Gestalt theory, we must group all of the disparate pieces of information into a
coherent whole before we can interpret an object or situation. Gestalt is a German word that means
"whole" or "put together."

E. What are the Division of Phenomenology of Perception:

The Body - An illustration of how psychological and physiological factors can affect perception is the
spatiality of the human body, or the "body image." Because the human body is an expressive medium, it
adds to the importance of individual actions. The body is a medium for world perception and the source
of expressive movement. The meaning of perception is expanded by bodily experience from that
established by thought alone. Descartes' cogito, which states that "I think, therefore I am," does not
take into account how the spatiality of a person's own body affects consciousness.

The Perceived World - Every conscious action is guided by perception, which forms the backdrop of
experience. The world is a canvas for perception, and human consciousness gives the world its meaning.
We are inextricably linked to the ways we see the world. making explicit our innate understanding of the
"real," of describing our perception of the world as the foundation of our eternal conception of truth.
Therefore, rather than questioning whether we actually perceive a world, we should affirm that the
world is what we see.

The People of The World - The world's objects, such as things, other people, social customs, and
language, already belong within the space of the individual because the body exists as "intention
incarnate," in other words. A phenomenal object is recognized through a system of meanings known as
perception. The field to which the phenomenal object belongs reflects the intentions of the person who
is perceiving the object.