Factors affecting Health and Safety of the Avery

Dennison Lanka Private Limited

By
ANDHRM20.1

Name Index Number

Widanalage Avisha Himani Perera COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 005

Piyumi Madushika Rodrigo COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 007

Kodikara Arachchilage Charuka COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 008

Deshapriya
Senanayake Amandi Apoorva COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 025
Thennakoon
Pamunuwe Nuwara Paksha Gedara COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 033
Rantharaka
Gamage Dona Jayani Lakshika COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 038
Premarathna

A project report submitted for the partial fulfilment of the

requirement of the Advanced National Diploma in Human
Resource Management Programme
National Institute of Business Management, Colombo,
Sri Lanka.
1st of April 2021
Signature page

I hereby declare this project was done by,

Widanalage Avisha Himani Perera - COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 005

Piyumi Madushika Rodrigo - COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 007

Kodikara Arachchilage Charuka Deshapriya - COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 008

Senanayake Amandi Apoorva Thennakoon - COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 025

Pamunuwe Nuwara Paksha Gedara Rantharaka - COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 033

Gamage Dona Jayani Lakshika Premarathna - COANDHRM(F/T)201F – 038

and submitted on 1st of April 2021.

Ms. Dimani Jayatissa (Consultant / Lecturer at NIBM)

……………………………………. ……………………………….

(Signature) (Date)

II
Dedication
It is our genuine gratefulness and warmest regard that we dedicate this project to Ms.

Dimani Jayatissa who guided and supervised us to complete the research and without her

support it would not have been possible in order to make this a success.

Secondly, this study is dedicated to the Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited, which we

choose to carry out the research in order to find out factors affect health and safety of the

company. Moreover, we believe that recommendations which we provide through the

research will aid the company to improve their health and safety mechanism.

Also, we would be honor to dedicate this project to our parents who have been our source

of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of giving up who continuously provide

their love, morale, spiritual, emotional and financial support.

III
Acknowledgement
All the research - team members have taken efforts in this research regarding factors

affecting health and safety of Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited. However, it would

not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. We would

like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to Madam Dimani Jayatissa, Consultant lecturer at the National

Institute of Business Management for her guidance, supervision and support in completing

the research as well as for providing the opportunity to implement the knowledge we have

gained during the academics.

We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Nitesh Rathnagopal, Senior Manager

Solution Sales & Product Development, Retail Branding & Information Solutions, Avery

Dennison Privet Limited Sri Lanka for the kind co-operation of helping us to complete this

research.

We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Anjana Waidyarathna, Assistant Manager

Avert Dennison Privet Limited Sri Lanka for providing us all with the possible information

and for giving us such attention and time.

We would like to thank all the blue- collar employees who participated the research by

providing primary data for the questionnaire. We appreciate the colleagues in developing

the report and we thank the people who have willingly helped us out within their capacities.

IV
Executive Summary

In the workplace, health and safety regulations are paramount to the well-being of the

employees and the employer. Many hazards are present in today's work environments, and

it's the employer's job to keep their employees safe from these hazards. It's a job that is so

important that there are occupational safety standards and regulations set by the US

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Thus, as researches we selected Avery

Dennison Lanka Private Limited in order to carry on the research about factors affecting

occupational health and safety of the company.

Avery Dennison Corporation is a global materials science and manufacturing company

specializing in the design and manufacture of a wide variety of labeling and functional

materials. Researches have selected 25 blue collar employees from the factory and the

laboratory as the sample and collected primary data through a prepared questionnaire.

The study contains data analysis and provides recommendation for the organization to

improve their occupational health and safety mechanism in order to ensure employee health

and safety.

V
Table of Contents
Signature page …………………………………………………………...……. Page

Dedication ………………………………………………………………………Page

Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………….…. Page

Executive Summary …………………………………………………………... Page

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………... Page

List of figures ………………………………………………………………..…Page

List of tables ………………………………………………………………...… Page

List of abbreviations ……………………………………………………………Page

Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………….………….…. Page 1

1.1 Introduction to the organization …………………………………….….…...Page 1

1.2 Introduction to the project/Background …………………………….……... Page 3

1.3 Research Problem …………………………………………….…………… Page 4

1.4 Research Objectives ………………………………….….………………… Page 5

1.5 Significance of the study ……………………………….…………………...Page 6

1.6 Scope of the research …………………………………….……………….... Page 6

1.7 Methodology ……………………………………………….………………. Page 7

1.8 Limitations ……………………………………………………………...…...Page 7

Chapter 2: Review of Literature ………………………………………………...Page 8

2.1 Factors affecting occupational health and safety ……………………………Page 9

VI
2.1.1 Lack of training ………………………………………………………...……Page 9

2.1.2 Poor Housekeeping …………………………………………………………. Page 10

2.1.3 Occupational stress …………………………………………………………...Page 11

2.1.4 Interpersonal relationship with colleagues (workplace-related violence) …... Page 14

2.1.5 Inability to manage and maintain equipment/ materials ………………...…...Page 16

2.2 Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………..Page 18

Chapter 3: Data Analysis and Interpretation …………………………………….…Page 19

3.1 Demographic data ……………………………………………………………...Page 19

3.2 Collected data on common factors affecting Health and Safety in the organization

…………………………………………………………………………………..… Page 23

3.3 Collected data on Occupational Health and Safety problems …………………Page 28

Chapter 4: Discussion (Findings) ………………………………………………….Page 29

4.1 Research findings …………………………………………………………….. Page 30

4.2 Discussion on factors affecting ………………………………………………. Page 31

Chapter 5: Recommendation and Conclusion …………………………………… Page 33

5.1 Recommendation ……………………………………………………………. .Page 33

5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….Page 35

Appendices ………………………………………………………………………. Page 38

Prepared questionnaire for collecting primary data ……………………………….Page 38

List of References …………………………………………………………………Page 47

VII
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Number of accidents …………...………………………………. Page 4

Table 3.1: Gender ………………………………………………………..….Page 19

Table 3.2: Age ………………………………………………………………Page 20

Table 3.3: Educational qualification ……………….……….………………Page 21

Table 3.4: Number of years of service …………….………………………..Page 22

Table 3.5: Lack of training ….………………………………………………Page 23

Table 3.6: Poor Housekeeping ………………………………………………Page 24

Table 3.7: Occupational stress ………………………………………………Page 25

Table 3.8: Interpersonal relationship with colleagues (workplace-related violence)

…………………………………………………………….……...Page 26

Table 3.9: Inability to manage and maintain equipment / materials ……..….Page 27

Table 3.10: How often do employees face accidents within the organization

…………………………………………………………………....Page 28

VIII
List of figures
Figure 1.1: Company Logo …………………………………………………. Page 1

Figure 1.2: Hierarchy of the company ……………………….………………Page 2

Figure 1.3: Annual accident rates ……………………………………...…… Page 5

Figure 2.1: Conceptual Framework ………………………………………….Page 18

Figure 3.1: Gender …………………………………………………………...Page 19

Figure 3.2: Age ………………………………………………………………Page 20

Figure 3.3: Educational qualification ………………………………………..Page 21

Figure 3.4: Number of years of service ……………………………………...Page 22

Figure 3.5: Lack of training ….…………………………….………………...Page 23

Figure 3.6: Poor Housekeeping ……………………………………………...Page 24

Figure 3.7: Occupational stress ………………………….…………………..Page 25

Figure 3.8: Interpersonal relationship with colleagues (workplace-related violence)

…………………………………………………………………...Page 26

Figure 3.9: Inability to manage and maintain equipment / materials ………..Page 27

Figure 3.10: How often do employees face accidents within the organization

…………………………………………………………………..Page 28

IX
List of abbreviations

CFOI – Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

EU-OSHA – European Union Agency for Occupational Safety and Health

HR – Human Resources

ILO – International Labour Organization

OHS – Occupational Health and Safety

RFI – Radio Frequency Identification

WHO – World Health Organization

X
Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Introduction to the organization

1.1.1 Organizational overview

Avery Dennison Corporation is a global materials science and manufacturing company

specializing in the design and manufacture of a wide variety of labeling and functional

materials. The organization’s products, which are used is nearly every major industry

include pressure – sensitive materials for labels and graphic applications, tapes and other

bonding solutions for industrial, medical and retail applications. Tags, labels and

embellishments for apparel and Radio Frequency Identification (RFI) solutions serving

retail apparel and other markets. The Company is situated in Biyagama, Sri Lanka and is

headquartered in Glendale, California. There are 154 white collar employees who work at

a desk and, stereotypically, eschew physical labor. 540 Blue collar employees who engage

in hard manual labor, typically agriculture, manufacturing, construction, mining, or

maintenance.

Figure 1.1: Company Logo

1
1.1.2 Company Mission

“Our in – depth pool of expertise and global scale enable us to deliver insights, innovative

products and intelligent solutions to customers all over the world”.

1.1.3 Company Vision

“Intelligent, Creative and Sustainable Solutions that Elevate Brands and Accelerate

Performance throughout Global Retail Supply Chain”

1.1.4 Organizational Hierarchy

The organizational hierarchy of the company can be depicted as below

Figure 1.2: Hierarchy of the company

2
1.2 Introduction to the project/Background

All the companies are required to have a Health and Safety management system in order

to make sure that the organization is safe enough for employees to work. Occupational

health and safety relate to health, safety, and welfare issues in the workplace. occupational

health and safety include the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the

workplace better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and

other stakeholders. Improving a company's occupational health and safety standards

ensures good business, a better brand image, and higher employee morale.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), an estimated 2.3 million

workers die every year due to occupational accidents and diseases; and 317 million

accidents occur on the job annually. This means that every 15 seconds a worker dies from

a work-related accident or disease, and 153 workers have a work-related accident. (B.

Strozzilaan, 2015)

Studies on occupational health and safety management have tended to cluster in certain

areas during historical periods of time focusing on policy and practice, individual

characteristics and social relationships, events and incidents of injuries and accidents,

management control and industrial relations. (M. Zanko and P. Dawson 2011)

Over the last twenty years, there has been a growing body of literature on what appears to

be a global trend in the adoption of systematic Occupational Health and Safety

management. (Saksvik and Quinlan 2003; Vinodkumar and Bhasi 2011). According to

Frick and Wren (2000) systematic Occupational Health and Safety management aims to

3
identify sources of injury and ill‐health early in the production process and to produce

countermeasures before injury or ill health occurs.

This study investigates the efforts of implementing or improving occupational health and

safety management on the work environment, Health and Safety related behaviour and

musculoskeletal health of workers in Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited.

1.3 Research Problem

Researchers have found the number of accidents happened within the manufacturing

factory areas and chemical laboratory.

Table 1.1: Number of accidents

Year 2017 2018 2019

Total number of accidents happened in the
chemical laboratory 36 39 37
Total number of accidents happened in the
manufacturing factory 29 24 18
Although necessary precautionary measures have been taken at the moment of the accident,

it has been repeated annually. According to the finding of the researchers, the following

factors have greatly contributed to the occurrence of such accidents within the chemical

laboratory of Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited.

• Chemical burns

• Chemical explosions

• Exposing eyes in to chemical substances

4
In addition, there have been accidents within the manufacturing factory areas. The

company has taken steps to look into the matter, but such accidents happen continuously.

Some of the occupational accidents are,

• Heavy materials fell on employees

• Electric shock

• Slippery flow

• Heavy fluid falling on toes

• Burning of hands

Accident Rates of the Year 2017, 2018, 2019

Figure 1.3: Annual accident rates

1.4 Research Objectives

Objectives of conducting the research is,

• To identify weak areas of Health and Safety Management in Avery Dennison Lanka

Private Limited.

5
 • To identify factors affecting Occupational Health and Safety of the Avery Dennison

Lanka Private Limited.

• To provide recommendations to the Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited in

order to increase the Health and Safety mechanism.

1.5 Significance of the study

• This research might be important to the HR Department of the Avery Dennison

Private Limited in order to identify vulnerable areas in Occupational Health and

Safety. Moreover, this research would help them to increase Health and Safety

Management within the organization.

• This study might be important to the top management in order to identify Health

and Safety cost of the organization as well as to reduce the unnecessary cost.

• The research might be important to managerial and non-managerial employees in

order to develop a better process of managing Health and Safety within the

workplace and to increase productivity and quality of the work life.

• Finally, this might be an important study to increase employee satisfaction and

productivity indirectly, as well as to build a positive image about the organization

and to increase organizational succession.

1.6 Scope of the research

Researches have chosen Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited- Labelling & functioning

materials, to carry on the research which is situated in Biyagama, Sri Lanka. They have

chosen 25 blue-collar employees as the sample who work within the manufacturing factory

areas and chemical laboratory to conduct the research with the help of the managerial staff.

6
The research team has decided to collect information about Occupational Health and Safety

Management and occupational accidents within the organization, Health and Safety related

behaviour and musculoskeletal health of workers in Avery Dennison Lanka Private

Limited.

1.7 Methodology

The research team has decided to collect primary data by running a google form as a

questionnaire and send it to representative manager of the organization and collect data

with the help of the representative manager. Moreover, researchers have decided to gather

secondary data by collecting information from journal articles and company websites.

1.8 Limitations

• Collecting primary data is a time-consuming process.

• There might be knowledge gaps between researches and the participants as well as

participants might misunderstand the purpose of the research.

• Researchers were unable to visit the work place due to the Covid-19 pandemic thus

they have to collect data online.

• Sometimes organizations reject requests of researchers according to the

organizational privacy policies and the management team might misunderstand the

research objectives.

• Researches have to spend too much time in order to complete the research.

7
Chapter 2: Review of Literature

As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) "occupational health deals with all

aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention

of hazards." Health has been defined as "a state of complete physical, mental and social

well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Occupational health is a

multidisciplinary field of healthcare concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of

people at occupation which enabling an individual to undertake their occupation, in the

way that causes least harm to their health. It aligns with the promotion of health and safety

at work, which is concerned with preventing harm from hazards in the workplace. Since

1950, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization

(WHO) have shared a common definition of occupational health. It was adopted by the

Joint ILO and WHO Committee on Occupational Health at its first session in 1950 and

revised at its twelfth session in 1995. The definition reads:

"The main focus in occupational health is on three different objectives: (i) the maintenance

and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity; (ii) the improvement of working

environment and work to become conducive to safety and health and (iii) development of

work organizations and working cultures in a direction which supports health and safety at

work and in doing so also promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation and

may enhance productivity of the undertakings. The concept of working culture is intended

in this context to mean a reflection of the essential value systems adopted by the

undertaking concerned. Such a culture is reflected in practice in the managerial systems,

personnel policy, principles for participation, training policies and quality management of

the undertaking."

8
After an expanded literature review, researchers have identified five main factors which

effect on occupational health and safety. They are; (ⅰ) lack of training (ⅱ) poor

housekeeping (ⅲ) occupational stress (ⅳ) interpersonal relationship with colleagues

(workplace-related violence) (ⅴ) inability to manage and maintain equipment/ materials.

The literature review of those factors are as follows.

2.1 Factors affecting occupational health and safety

2.1.1 Lack of training

It is the employer’s responsibility to protect the safety and health of workers and they

should pay particular attention to untrained workers. They must carry out a risk assessment

before an untrained person starts work and put in place measures to protect them.

Moreover, young untrained workers should be given appropriate work and provided with

adequate training and supervision. Employers should promote a strong safety culture and

involve young workers in safety matters.

The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) is a decentralized

agency of the European Union with the task of collecting, analyzing and disseminating

relevant information that can serve the needs of people involved in safety and health at

work. According to the EU-OSHA, statistics show that 18- to 24-year-olds are more likely

to have a serious accident at work than older adults. They may be exposed to poor working

conditions leading to the development of occupational illnesses while still young or later

in life. Newly recruited and untrained people may lack experience and often lack both

physical and psychological maturity about what they do. They may not take seriously

enough the risks that they face. Other factors that put young and untrained people at greater

9
risk includes; insufficient skills and training, not being aware of their rights and their

employer’s duties, not having the confidence to speak out, employers not recognizing the

additional protection that untrained workers need.

Strong health and safety training programmes improve employee retention as well as

compliance with health and safety requirements. Trainees are more likely to respond

positively to training programmes when adult learning theories are integrated into safety

trainer readiness programmes. (J.R. Wilkins 2011)

According to the F.O. Sari (2009) an employee who is new to the company is more likely

to be at risk, if he or she is not given a proper training about the occupational health and

safety. And it is important to provide training on first aid, fire drills, risk management,

personal safety materials as well as how to cope with occupational stress.

An expanded literature review revealed that many industry leaders have responded by

increasing the frequency and content of health and safety training programmes; however,

the provision of training largely has remained consistent. Identifying workers’ conceptions

of the training they receive is critical to the design and deployment of effective workplace

education/training programmes.

2.1.2 Poor housekeeping

Housekeeping is the systematic process of making a domestic area neat and clean in

approximately that order. It can also be called household management, which is the act of

overseeing the organizational, financial, day-to-day operations of an organization or a

factory, and the managing of other domestic concerns. Housekeeping is not just cleanliness.

It includes keeping work areas neat and orderly; maintaining halls and floors free of slip

10
and trip hazards; and removing of waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other fire

hazards from work areas. It also requires paying attention to important details such as the

layout of the whole workplace, aisle marking, the adequacy of storage facilities, and

maintenance. Good housekeeping is also a basic part of accident and fire prevention.

(Lingard and Rowlinson 1994)

According to Haslam (2005) poor housekeeping has been found to have contributed to

almost half of the accidents that have occurred in the United Kingdom. Untidy sites and

poor housekeeping practices can lead to many types of hazards, such as trip hazards, falling

objects, and sharp objects that can cause cuts. Explain that “from the perspective of those

familiar with safety in a wide range of other industries, poor site conditions found in

construction appear to be a symptom of the weak safety and risk management culture in

the industry”. Thus, good housekeeping is a symptomatic of a positive safety culture. (E.

Aboagye, Nimo1 and F. Emuze 2017)

This literature review reveals that a large amount of occupational accidents causes due to

poor housekeeping.

2.1.3 Occupational stress

According to the World Health Organization, more than half of the staff in the

industrialized countries suffers from occupational stress. (L. Torshizi, F. Ahmadi 2011)

The study of work stress in people with nonfatal accidents can be useful in finding out the

causes of workplace accidents. (K.H. Tan, J. Noble, Y. Sato, Y.K. Tse 2011) Studies on

unsafe acts have shown that occupational stressors constitute a significant contributor to

unsafe acts by reducing concentration, distraction, memory impairment, job hesitation, and

11
reducing decision-making power. Accordingly, the results of various studies have shown

the role of occupational stressors in 37% of accidents and injuries in industries. (L.M.

Goldenhar, L.J. Williams, G. Swanson 2003). In addition to the parameters such as

individual factors, environmental conditions (sound, radiation, and lighting), and

ergonomic conditions of the workplace, some social and psychosocial parameters can also

be considered as effective causes of accidents. (Barling, C. Loughlin, E.K. Kelloway 2002)

Neal, M.A. Griffin, P.M. Hart (2000) created an efficient framework, which showed that

the individual and psychosocial factors in the workplace affect safety outcomes. Today,

the occurrence of organizational and managerial changes in the world of work has led to

new risks and challenges in the field of occupational safety and health. Psychosocial risks

in the workplace are one of the most critical emerging risks in this field. (S. Leka, A. Jain,

World Health Organization 2010)

Among these factors, workload and mental load, social support for colleagues, work–

family conflict, management feedback, job reward, leadership quality, and work-related

stress can be mentioned. These factors can affect the workers or interact with other factors

to apply their effects. (D. Gold, J. Caborn 2006) One of the first steps in preventing

accidents is identifying the factors affecting it. Previous studies have examined the relevant

parameters and have explained the various causes of accidents. However, the individual

and social factors that affect occupational accidents have not been integrated into the steel

industry yet, and thus, there is not a comprehensive study conducted considering these

factors.

Because unsafe acts and individual factors have been identified as one of the most

important causes of accidents in the past, it is essential to identify the factors that influence

12
the unsafe acts. One of the causes of unsafe acts is stated in studies regarding stress. The

International Labour Organization estimated the costs incurred by countries for job stress

between 1% and 3.5% of gross domestic product. (T. Cassidy 1999)

According to Messing 1998; Theo-bald 2002; Zeytinoglu 1999, women suffer from many

work-related health problems as well as occupational segregation based on gender and the

employment status. The negative effects of gendered work environments, which often

encompass male-dominated organizational cultures and climates, discrimination against

women, harassment, prejudice and sex stereotyping, are all well known to increase stress

symptoms of women.

Psychology researchers have long been investigating accident proneness, with many

studies demonstrating a link between occupational accidents and factors associated with

safety behaviors, such as occupational stress, conscientiousness, cognitive failures,

emotional stability, and safety-related internal/external control. (Shinar D. Emerald Group

Publishing Limited 2007). Zohar Zohar D. (1980) defined safety climate as a basic

psychological perception that employees share about how safe their work environment is.

According to Zohar, safety climate comprises the following eight factors: the importance

placed on safety training programs, the management's safety attitude, the impact of safety

behaviors on promotion, the degree of risk present in the workplace, the effect of the work

pace on safety, the safety manager's status, the impact of safety behaviors on social status,

and the safety committee's status. Griffin and Neal (2000) also defined safety climate as a

kind of organizational climate that an individual experience within the organization.

According to Griffin and Neal's definition, safety climate comprises the following five

13
factors: management's values, communication, safety practices, education/training, and

safety equipment.

It can be concluded that although previous studies and the present study showed the effect

of stress on accident and accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as

work–family conflict, effort–reward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect

stress should also be considered. It helps industries face less occupational stress and,

consequently, less occurrence rates of accidents. (A. Barkhordari, B. Malmir and M.

Malakoutikhah 2019)

2.1.4 Interpersonal relationship with colleagues (workplace-related violence)

It is surprising there has been only minimal research attention paid to the relationship

between workplace violence and the impact of these interactions on occupational health

and safety. Indeed, most literature describing ways to alleviate the prevalence of these

negative occupational outcomes suggests enhancing the quality of interpersonal

interactions within the workplace.

Workplace violence is any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or

other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and

verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. It can affect and involve employees,

clients, customers and visitors. Acts of violence and other injuries is currently the third-

leading cause of fatal occupational injuries in the United States. According to the Bureau

of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), of the 5,147 fatal

workplace injuries that occurred in the United States in 2017, 458 were cases of intentional

injury by another person.

14
According to the United States Department of Laboure, many American workers report

having been victims of workplace violence each year. Unfortunately, many more cases go

unreported. Occupational Safety and Health Administration of America has identified

factors that may increase the risk of violence for some workers at certain worksites. Such

factors include exchanging money with the public and working with volatile, unstable

people. Working alone or in isolated areas may also contribute to the potential for violence.

Providing services and care, and working where alcohol is served may also impact the

likelihood of violence. Additionally, time of day and location of work, such as working

late at night or in areas with high crime rates, are also risk factors that should be considered

when addressing issues of workplace violence.

Primary emphasis within the literature on mechanisms to address the prevalence of

negative occupational well-being outcomes among human service workers has tended to

focus on individual self-care efforts or organizational level policies aimed at improving

work–life balance. While these are important areas of research, the workplace setting itself

can also create negative outcomes, suggesting the need to adapt characteristics of this

setting. One aspect of this workplace setting includes the dynamics of interpersonal

interaction within the workplace. (M. l. Shier, J. R. Garahm, D. Nicholas 2016)

This literature review reveals that workplace – related violence or the poor interpersonal

relationship with colleagues is a major factor which effects on occupational health and

safety within a workplace.

15
2.1.5 Inability to manage and maintain equipment / materials

According to M. Milczarek, J. K. Bienko - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work

(EU-OSHA) 2010; Maintenance is a generic term for a variety of tasks in different sectors

and all kinds of working environments. Maintenance influences the safety and health of

workers in two ways. Regular maintenance that is correctly planned and carried out is

essential to keep both machines and the work environment safe and reliable. Maintenance

itself has to be performed in a safe way, with appropriate protection of maintenance

workers and others present in the workplace. Two different types of maintenance can be

distinguished; (ⅰ) Corrective maintenance – when actions are intended to restore a system

from a failed state to a working state (e.g. repair or replacement of broken components).

This type of maintenance is also known as ‘reactive maintenance’ because the action is

initiated when the unscheduled event of an equipment failure occurs; (ⅱ) Preventive

maintenance – when actions are carried out at predetermined intervals or according to

prescribed criteria intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the

functioning of an item. In this case, actions are scheduled, proactive and intended to control

the deterioration process leading to failure of a system (e.g. replacement, lubrication,

cleaning or inspection).

There is also a third type of maintenance which concerns large-scale maintenance. This is

carried out to allow an item to accomplish new or additional functions, or the same function

in better conditions. It is frequently carried out during shutdown (an outage scheduled in

advance) of the item.

In addition to training and education, applying general safety principles such as proper

work practices, equipment, and controls can help reduce workplace accidents involving the

16
moving, handling, and storing of materials. Whether moving materials manually or

mechanically, your employees should know and understand the potential hazards

associated with the task at hand and how to control their workplaces to minimize the

danger. Because numerous injuries can result from improperly handling and storing

materials, workers should also be aware of accidents that may result from the unsafe or

improper handling of equipment as well as from improper work practices. In addition,

workers should be able to recognize the methods for eliminating or at least minimizing the

occurrence of such accidents. Employers and employees should examine their workplaces

to detect any unsafe or unhealthful conditions, practices, or equipment and take corrective

action. (E. L. Chao, J. L. Henshaw - U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and

Health Administration)

According to E. L. Chao and J. L. Henshaw, workers frequently cite the weight and

bulkiness of objects that they lift as major contributing factors to their injuries. Other

hazards include falling objects, improperly stacked materials, and various types of

equipment. Employer should make employees aware of potential injuries that can occur

when manually moving materials, including the following: strains and sprains from lifting

loads improperly or from carrying loads that are either too large or too heavy, fractures and

bruises caused by being struck by materials or by being caught in pinch points as well as

cuts and bruises caused by falling materials that have been improperly stored or by

incorrectly cutting ties or other securing devices. When moving materials manually,

workers should attach handles or holders to loads. In addition, workers should always wear

appropriate personal protective equipment and use proper lifting techniques. United States

Department of labour has introduced some guidelines to prevent injury from oversize loads,

17
workers should seek help in the following: when a load is so bulky that employees cannot

properly grasp or lift it, when employees cannot see around or over a load, or when

employees cannot safely handle a load. Using the following personal protective equipment

prevents needless injuries when manually moving materials: (ⅰ) hand and forearm

protection, such as gloves, for loads with sharp or rough edges. (ⅱ)eye protection. (ⅲ)steel-

toed safety shoes or boots. (ⅳ) Metal, fiber, or plastic metatarsal guards to protect the instep

area from impact or compression. This literature review reveals that poor maintenance of

equipment and materials within the organization cause many occupational injuries.

2.2 Conceptual Framework

After an expanded literature review, researchers have identified five main factors which

effect on occupational health and safety. They are;

Independent Variable (Factors) Dependent Variable

1.Lack of training

2.Poor Housekeeping

Occupational
3.Occupational stress Health and Safety

4.Interpersonal relationship with

colleagues (workplace-related violence)

5.Inability
Figure to manage
2.1: Conceptual and maintain
Framework
equipment / materials

Figure 2.1: Conceptual Framework

18
Chapter 3: Data Analysis and Interpretation
This chapter deals with data analysis and interpretation of the key finding obtained thought

the research. The demographic data is presented and analyzed first after which data

pertaining to research questions is also presented and analyzed in relation to the findings.

3.1 Demographic data

Table 3.1: Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 16 64%
Female 9 36%
Total 25 100%

Gender

36%
female
male
64%

Figure 3.1: Gender

Among these 25 employees, 64% (16) of employees were male and 36% (9) of employees

were female.

19
 Table 3.2: Age

Age Frequency Percentage

Below 18 years - -
18 – 24 years 6 24%
25 – 34 years 6 24%
35 – 44 years 8 32%
45 – 54 years 5 20%
55 – 64 years - -
65 or older - -
Total 25 100%

Age

20% 24%
18 - 24 years
25 - 34 years
35 - 44 years
45 - 54 years
32% 24%

Figure 3.2: Age

According to the selected sample there were 32% (8 employees) of 35 – 44 years old

employees which is the highest percentage. There were no employees below 18 years, 55-

64 years and 60 or above within the sample. There were 20% (5employees) of 45 - 54 years

old employees which is the lowest percentage of age.

20
 Table 3.3: Educational qualification

Educational qualification Frequency Percentage

Ordinary level - -
Advanced level 13 52%
Diploma level 10 40%
Degree 1 4%
Other 1 4%
Total 25 100%

Educational qualification
4%

4%

advanced level
diploma level

40% degree
52%
other

Figure 3.3: Educational qualification

According to the collected data, 52% (13) of employees were qualified with advanced level

and 40% (10) of employees were qualified with diploma level. In addition to that, there

were 8% of employees with degree and other qualifications, 4% in each qualification level.

21
 Table3.4: Number of years of service

Number of years Frequency Percentage

Below 1 year 2 8%
1 – 2 years 7 28%
2 – 3 years - -
3 – 4 years 5 20%
5 years and above 11 44%
Total 25 100%

Number of years of service

8%

below 1 year
44% 28% 1 - 2 years
3 - 4 years
5 years and above

20%

Figure 3.4: Educational qualification

According to the sample, there were 44% of employees who have 5 years and above

working experience. Only 8% (2) of employees were below one-year experience.

22
3.2 Collected data on common factors affecting Health and Safety in the
organization

Table 3.5: Lack of training

Response Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree - -
Agree 1 4%
Neutral 6 24%
Disagree 18 72%
Strongly Disagree - -
Total 25 100%

Lack of training

4%

24%
agree
neutral
disagree
72%

Figure 3.5: Lack of training

According to the selected sample, only 4% (one employee) of employees have agreed that

they have not received a proper training and that they have met with accidents due to lack

of training. Moreover, 72% (18 out of 25) of employees have disagreed on lack of training.

23
24% of employees have used neutral votes. None of them have used their vote as strongly

agree or strongly disagree.

Table3.6: Poor Housekeeping

Response Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree - -
Agree 15 60%
Neutral 6 24%
Disagree 4 16%
Strongly Disagree - -
Total 25 100%

Poor Housekeeping

16%

agree
neutral
24%
60% disagree

Figure 3.6: Poor Housekeeping

60% of the sample (15 out of 25 employees) have agreed that their organization has a poor

housekeeping service and that they have met with accidents due to poor housekeeping.

24
16% of employees have disagreed on that and they have mentioned that the organization

is having an effective cleaning service. 6 employees (24%) have used neutral votes.

Table 3.7: Occupational stress

Response Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 1 4%
Agree 5 20%
Neutral 13 52%
Disagree 6 24%
Strongly Disagree - -
Total 25 100%

Occupational stress
4%

24% 20%
strongly agree
agree
neurtal
disagree

52%

Figure 3.7: Occupational stress

According to the sample, 4% of employees have strongly agreed and 20% of employees

have agreed that they have occupational stress and that they have met with accidents within

the workplace due to occupational stress. 52% or highest percentage of employees have

25
used neutral votes. There were 24% of employees within the selected sample who have

disagreed that occupational stress caused occupational accidents and injuries. None of the

employees have used the vote to strongly disagree.

Table 3.8: Interpersonal relationship with colleagues (workplace-related violence)

Response Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree - -
Agree - -
Neutral 3 12%
Disagree 16 64%
Strongly Disagree 6 24%
Total 25 100%

Interpersonal relationship with colleagues

(workplace-related violence)

12%
24%
neutral
disagree
strongly disagree

64%

Figure 3.8: Interpersonal relationship with colleagues (workplace-related violence)

0% of employees strongly agreed and agreed that they have faced accidents or injuries due

to workplace related violence and 12% of employees have used neutral votes. 64% or

26
highest percentage of employees disagreed on workplace related violence. 24% of

employees have strongly disagreed on workplace related violence and they have mentioned

that they have kept a strong interpersonal relationship among colleagues and that they have

not faced occupational accidents due to workplace related violence.

Table 3.9: Inability to manage and maintain equipment / materials

Response Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree - -
Agree 3 12%
Neutral 18 72%
Disagree 4 16%
Strongly Disagree - -
Total 25 100%

Inability to manage and maintain equipment

/ materials

16% 12%

agree
neutral
disagree

72%

Figure 3.9: Inability to manage and maintain equipment / materials

27
12% of employees agreed that they were unable to manage and maintain equipment/

materials as it caused occupational injuries. 72% of employees have used neutral votes.

16% of employees have disagreed that, they have faced occupational accidents and injuries

due to the inability of managing and maintaining equipment/materials.

3.3 Collected data on Occupational Health and Safety problems

Table 3.10: How often do employees face accidents within the organization

Response Frequency Percentage

Not Applicable 4 16%
Every three months 6 24%
Every six months 6 24%
Once a year 9 36%
Never - -
Total 25 100%

Collected data on Occupational Health and Safety

problems
(How ofteen do employees face accidents)
40% 36%
35%
30%
24% 24%
Percentage

25%
20% 16%
15%
10%
5%
0%
not applicable every three months every six months once a year never

Time duration
How ofteen do employees face accidents

Figure 3.10: How often do employees face accidents within the organization

28
According to the selected sample, 24% of employees have responded that they met with

accidents within the workplace every three months and 24% of employees have mentioned

that they face accidents during their working hours every six months. Most of the

employees (36% of employees) have agreed that they face occupational accidents at least

once year. According to the collected data, 16% of employees have responded as, the

occupational accidents were not applicable for them and none of employees have

responded on “never”.

Chapter 4: Discussion (Findings)

The objectives of conducting this research was to identify weak areas of health and safety

management in Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited, identify factors affecting

occupational health and safety of the company and to provide recommendations to the

organization in order to increase the health and safety mechanism. After an expanded

literature review, researchers have identified five common factors which effect on

occupational health and safety. They are; (ⅰ) lack of training (ⅱ) poor housekeeping (ⅲ)

occupational stress (ⅳ) interpersonal relationship with colleagues (workplace-related

violence) (ⅴ) inability to manage and maintain equipment/ materials. Researches created a

Likert scale questionnaire including above factors and analyzed results. This chapter

includes a discussion about how the identified common factors affect on Avery Dennison

Corporation.

29
4.1 Research findings

• According to the results, researches identified that employees of Avery Dennison

Corporation have provided a proper training on health and safety as well as there

was no lack of training under employee health and safety. Most of the employees

(72%) have disagreed on lack of training and it showed that they have received a

proper training on occupational health and safety.

• The research showed that, there was a poor housekeeping within the factory

premises. According to the sample, employees have clearly mentioned that they

had to face occupational accidents due to the poor housekeeping of the working

environment. 60% of employees agreed that there was a poor housekeeping within

the work place.

• Selected sample had a neutral respond as the overall result on occupational stress

while 20% of employees agreed and 4% of employees strongly agreed that

occupational stress affected on the health and safety of the workplace. Thus, the

organization need to pay more attention on employee’s stress levels and work life

balance.

• According to the total result, 24% of employees disagreed and 64% of employees

strongly disagreed on workplace violence. Moreover, they have mentioned that,

there was a good interpersonal relationship among employees and the workplace

violence did not affect on the occupational health and safety.

• Selected sample had a neutral respond on maintenance of equipment which can

cause injuries. 72% of employees have used neutral votes. They have not agreed or

30
disagreed on the factor, but it is the organization’s responsibility to pay more

attention on equipment handling and maintenance.

According to the results, researchers have identified poor housekeeping as the main

factor which affect the occupational accidents within the Avery Dennison Lanka

Privet Limited. There was a neutral respond on occupational stress and inability of

managing and maintaining equipment/material. Moreover, surprisingly a highest

percentage of employees have disagreed that they have faced occupational

accidents and injuries due to lack of training. Therefore, the current research will

come up with recommendations for above identified factors which affect Avery

Dennison Corporation’s occupational health and safety.

4.2 Discussion on factors affecting

According to the F.O. Sari (2009) an employee who is new to the company is more

likely to be at risk, if he or she is not given a proper training about the occupational

health and safety. And it is important to provide training on first aid, fire drills, risk

management, personal safety materials as well as how to cope with occupational

stress. Nevertheless, researches recognized that Avery Dennison Corporation

provides a proper training for employees and there was no lack of training among

employees.

According to Haslam (2005) poor housekeeping has been found to have

contributed to almost half of the accidents that have occurred in the United

Kingdom. Untidy sites and poor housekeeping practices can lead to many types of

hazards, such as trip hazards, falling objects, and sharp objects that can cause cuts.

This research also identified that there was a strong relationship between poor

31
housekeeping and occupational accidents. Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It

includes keeping work areas neat and orderly; maintaining halls and floors free of

slip and trip hazards; and removing of waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and

other fire hazards from work areas. It also requires paying attention to important

details such as the layout of the whole workplace, aisle marking, the adequacy of

storage facilities, and maintenance. Good housekeeping is also a basic part of

accident and fire prevention. (Lingard and Rowlinson 1994) Therefore, researches

identified that Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited has been unable to maintain

a good housekeeping and that has caused occupational accidents and injuries.

According to the World Health Organization, more than half of the staff in the

industrialized countries suffers from occupational stress. According to the selected

sample, 24% of employees agreed, 24% of employees disagreed and 52% of

employees voted as neutral on occupational stress. It can be concluded that although

previous studies and the present study showed the effect of stress on accident and

accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as work–family conflict,

effort–reward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect stress should also

be considered.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

(CFOI), of the 5,147 fatal workplace injuries that occurred in the United States in

2017, 458 were cases of intentional injury by another person. Nevertheless,

researches identified that, there was no workplace violence within Avery Dennison

Lanka Private Limited. Selected sample have mentioned that they have a supportive

and understanding work environment. Thus, the result showed that there was a

32
 positive interpersonal relationship among colleagues and it was not affecting on

occupational accidents.

Employers and employees should examine their workplaces to detect any unsafe or

unhealthful conditions, practices, or equipment and take corrective action. (E. L.

Chao, J. L. Henshaw - U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health

Administration) According to E. L. Chao and J. L. Henshaw, workers frequently

cite the weight and bulkiness of objects that they lift as major contributing factors

to their injuries. Nevertheless, according to the selected sample at Avery Dennison,

they have not agreed or disagreed on poor maintenance of equipment as the overall

result. It seemed that, the organization has a proper maintenance process for

equipment handling.

Chapter 5: Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1 Recommendation

5.1.1 Housekeeping and maintenance

• Appoint a supervisor in order to ensure all the spills are immediately cleaned up

and to report any unusual conditions. Researches identified that, the housekeeping

staff was not immediately responsive to employees’ need and the quality of the task

completed by housekeeping staff was not very satisfied. Thus, we as researches

recommend, to appoint a special officer/ supervisor in order to guide the

housekeeping staff properly and to ensure a satisfactory service.

• Always keep tables, chemical hoods, floors, desks and all materials organized at

the laboratory. Researches identified that the laboratory was not well- arranged and

organized according to the standards. Thus, we as researches highly recommend to

33
 rearrange the laboratory according to the accurate standards in order to minimize

occupational accidents and injuries that happens in the laboratory.

• Use vacuum cleaners to remove light dust and dirt which can cause respiratory

illnesses and diseases. It is important to use vacuum cleaners to clean walls,

ceilings, ledges, machinery and other hard-to-reach places where dust and dirt may

accumulate rather than sweeping and mopping. During the research period we

identified that employees have faced respiratory disorders due to unclean work

environment. Thus, we as researches made the above recommendation in order to

help minimize occupational diseases.

5.1.2 Equipment handling

• According to the result of selected sample, employees were not satisfied about the

maintenance of equipment and materials. Nevertheless, they have mentioned a

neutral respond under that factor. Thus, we as researches made following

recommendation in order to help improve the equipment handing as well as the

safety conditions.

Keep separate documents on maintenance/service information about machines,

tools and equipment in order to identify malfunctional instruments. Moreover, it is

highly recommended to check and update above documents regularly in order to

maintain a smooth function as well as to keep a safe working environment.

5.1.3 Occupational stress

• Selected sample had a neural respond under the occupational stress which is a

common factor that affect health and safety of the organization. Therefore,

34
 researches made following recommendation in order to help employees reduce their

occupational stress levels.

Noisy working environment is a main stressor that causes a state of strain, tension

and anxiety. Therefore, we recommend to reduce all the possible noises which

cause stress within the factory area. Employees have provided ear plugs. But,

according to the medical advices, wearing ear plugs throughout the day can be

harmful for employees’ sense of hearing. Thus, we recommend to have soundproof

mechanism for machines. Although it causes a high cost, it is important to make a

safe work environment.

Moreover, researches recommend to appoint a qualified consultant/ counsellor to

help employees cope up with their stress and to provide guidance on work-life

balance in order to maintain a stress-free, safe work environment.

5.2 Conclusion

The Employer has a responsibility to ensure that the employees are safe at work, and so

may institute regulations and policies to ensure this. It is now the responsibility of the

employee to make certain that they follow these rules. As an employee, one has rights and

responsibilities for their own wellbeing and that of their colleagues and by extension the

public. The key to the success of a safety and health plan is to see it as a part of the business

operation and to see it reflected in the day-to-day operations. As the implemented plan is

incorporated into the business culture, health and safety consciousness will become

engrained into the psyche of everyone. Safety and health add value to businesses,

workplaces and lives. Thus, researches choose Avery Dennison Corporation, a global

materials science and manufacturing company specializing in the design and manufacture

35
of a wide variety of labeling and functional materials which is situated in Biyagama, Sri

Lanka in order to continue the current research.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), an estimated 2.3 million

workers die every year due to occupational accidents and diseases; and 317 million

accidents occur on the job annually. This means that every 15 seconds a worker dies from

a work-related accident or disease, and 153 workers have a work-related accident. (B.

Strozzilaan, 2015). The research purpose was to carry on a study about “factors affecting

occupational health and safety” in the workplace.

Although necessary precautionary measures have been taken at the moment of the accident,

it has been repeated annually at Avery Dennison Cooperation. According to the finding of

the researchers, the following factors have greatly contributed to the occurrence of such

accidents within the chemical laboratory of Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited.

Chemical burns, chemical explosions, exposing eyes in to chemical substances. In addition,

there have been accidents within the manufacturing factory areas. The company has taken

steps to look into the matter, but such accidents happen continuously. Some of the

occupational accidents are, heavy materials fell on employees, electric shock, slippery

flow, heavy fluid falling on toes, burning of hands. Therefore, the objectives of the research

were to identify weak areas of Health and Safety Management in Avery Dennison Lanka

Private Limited, to identify factors affecting Occupational Health and Safety and to provide

recommendations to the Avery Dennison Lanka Private Limited in order to increase the

Health and Safety mechanism.

Researches have chosen 25 blue-collar employees as the sample who work within the

manufacturing factory areas and chemical laboratory to conduct the research with the help

36
of the managerial staff. The research team has decided to collect primary data by running

a google form as a questionnaire and send it to representative manager of the organization

and collect data with the help of the representative manager. Moreover, researchers have

decided to gather secondary data by collecting information from journal articles and

company websites.

After an expanded literature review, researchers have identified five main factors which

effect on occupational health and safety. They are; (ⅰ) lack of training (ⅱ) poor

housekeeping (ⅲ) occupational stress (ⅳ) interpersonal relationship with colleagues

(workplace-related violence) (ⅴ) inability to manage and maintain equipment/ materials.

According to the research result, researchers have identified poor housekeeping as the main

factor which affect the occupational accidents within the Avery Dennison Lanka Privet

Limited. There was a neutral respond on occupational stress and inability of managing and

maintaining equipment/material. Moreover, surprisingly a highest percentage of

employees have disagreed that they have faced occupational accidents and injuries due to

lack of training. Therefore, the current research will come up with recommendations for

above identified factors which affect Avery Dennison Corporation’s occupational health

and safety.

37
Appendices

Prepared questionnaire for collecting primary data

Questionnaire - Instructions

This questionnaire contains a number of questions about the Occupational Health and

Safety of the organization in which you work. Please read each question carefully and tick

(√) the box or number corresponding to the response that most accurately represent your

view.

Special Note: There is no right or wrong answers as these are opinion-related questions.

You only requested to provide your frank opinion. This questionnaire contains two

sections:

SECTION A: Demographic Characteristics

SECTION B: Common factors affecting Health and Safety in the organization

SECTION C: Occupational Health and Safety

SECTION A: Demographic Characteristics

1. Gender

Female Male

38
2. Age

Below 18 years

18 – 24 years

25 – 34 years

35 – 44 years

45 – 54 years

55 – 64 years

65 or older

3. Education

Ordinary Level
Advanced Level
Diploma level
Degree
Other

4. Number of years of service

Below 1 year

1 – 2 years

3 – 4 years

5 years and above

39
5=Strongly agree 4=Agree 3=Neutral 2=Disagree 1=Strongly disagree

SECTION B: Common factors affecting Health and Safety in the organization

Lack of training 5 4 3 2 1

5. I have the basic knowledge on first aid which

would help manage the occupational accidents
6. The organization provides continuous training on
how to control and operate machines and
instruments within the factory areas
7. The organization provides continuous training on
emergency and accident handling
8. I have met with an accident within the
organization due to lack of training
Poor Housekeeping 5 4 3 2 1

9. Housekeeping staff is responsive to your need

10. Quality of the task completed by housekeeping

staff is good and the overall satisfaction with the
housekeeping service is high
11. I have faced accidents and diseases due to poor
housekeeping before (slippery flow, dust, pests
and rats and etc.)
Occupational stress 5 4 3 2 1

12. I feel anxious, angry, irritable or unmotivated

when I’m unable to manage my work
13. I have been given long working hours (more than
8 hours)
14. I have enough rest breaks to relax in between work

40
 15. I have given unrealistic targets to achieve

16. I have faced accidents and disabilities due to

occupational stress before
Interpersonal relationship with colleagues 5 4 3 2 1
(workplace related violence)
17. I enjoy good and healthy relationship with my
team members

18. My colleagues are well trained to manage risk

related to health and safety within the factory
areas

19. I have the assurance that my colleagues will

support me if I run into difficulties
Inability to manage and maintain equipment/ 5 4 3 2 1
materials
20. My organization manages and checks working
equipment regularly
21. I have a better training on how to manage risk
while working with equipment
22. I have met with an accident while working with
machines before

SECTION C: Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational Health and Safety 5 4 3 2 1

23. I am clear about health and safety regulations at
work
24. There is an active health and safety committee
within the organization

41
 25. I know that I can refuse to work in an unsafe
environment

Following questions are based on workplace hazards. Please tick (√) the most appropriate
option.

0=Never 1=Once a year 2=Every six months 3=Every 3 months

4=Every month 5=Not applicable

Workplace hazards 5 4 3 2 1 0

How often do you………?

26. Manually push or lift items that are more than
20kgs
27. Perform tasks that are not familiar with

28. Interact chemicals or inflammable substances

29. Work at a height more than 5 meters

30. Stand for more than 3 hours a day

31. Met with accidents within the organization

Sinhala translation of the questionnaire

ප්‍රශ්නාවලිය

මෙෙ ප්‍රශ්නාවලිය ඔබ මේවය කරන මේවා ේථානමේ, ම ෞඛ්‍ය හ ආරක්ෂාව

පිළිබඳව, ජාතික වයාපාර හා කළෙනාකරණ ආයතනමේ, ොනව ම්පත්

කළෙනාකරණ විමශ්ෂ උපාධිය හදාරනු ලබන පළමු ව ර සිසුන් විසින්

42
සිදුකරන අධ්‍යයනයක් ඳහා බව කරුණාමවන් ලකන්න. මම් ඳහා ඔමේ

අවංක ෙතය ටහන් කිරීෙ ෙගින් අපට හමයෝගය ලබාමදන්න.

1.ේී පුරුෂ භාවය

ේී පුරුෂ

2.වය

අවුරුදු 18 ට අඩු

අවුරුදු 18 - 24 අතර

අවුරුදු 25 - 34 අතර

අවුරුදු 35 - 44 අතර

අවුරුදු 45 - 54 අතර

අවුරුදු 55 - 64 අතර

අවුරුදු 65 ට වැඩි

3.අධ්‍යාපන සුදුසුකම්

ාොනය මපළ
උ ේ මපළ
ඩිපමලෝොධ්‍ාරි
උපාධිධ්‍ාරි
මවනත්

43
4.මේවා කාලය

අවුරුදු 1 ට අඩු
අවුරුදු 1 - 2 යි
අවුරුදු 3 - 4 යි
අවුරුදු 5 හ ඊට වැඩි

5 = තදින්ම එකඟයි 4 = එකඟයි 3 = උදාසීන 2 =එකඟ නනානේ

1 = තදින්ම එකඟ නනානේ

5 4 3 2 1

5.වෘත්ීය අනතුරු කළෙනාකරණයට උදව් වන

ප්‍රථොධ්‍ාර පිළිබඳ මූලික දැනුෙක් ො තුව ඇත.

6.කර්ොන්තශාලාව තුළ, යන්ර හ උපකරණ

භාවිතා කරන්මන් මකමේද යන්න පිළිබඳව රැකියා
ේථානය විසින් අඛ්‍ණ්ඩ පුහුණුවක් ලබා මදයි.

7.හදිසි අනතුරු කළෙනාකරණය පිළිබඳව, රැකියා

ේථානය විසින් අඛ්‍ණ්ඩ පුහුණුවක් ලබා මදයි.

8.පුහුණුව මනාෙැතිකෙ මේතුමවන් රැකියා ේථානය

තුළ දී ො හදිසි අනතුරකට මුහුණ දී ඇත.

9.පිරිසිදු කිරීමම් කාර්ය ෙණ්ඩලය (Housekeeping staff)

ඔමේ අවශයතාවයට වහාෙ ප්‍රතිචාර දක්වයි

10.පිරිසිදු කිරීමම් කාර්ය ෙණ්ඩලය (Housekeeping

staff) ම්ූර්ණ කරන ලද කාර්යමේ
ගුණාත්ෙකභාවය පිළිබඳව තෘපතිෙත් විය හැකිය.

11.පිරිසිදු කිරීමම් අකාර්යක්ෂෙතාවය මේතුමවන්

රැකියා ේථානය තුළ දී ො, අනතුරු හා මරෝග වලට
මුහුණ දී ඇත. (ලිේ ා වැටීෙ, දූවිලි, පළිමබෝධ්‍ හ
මීයන් ආදිය)

12.ෙට රැකියා ේථානය තුළ දී ෙමේ වැඩ

කළෙනාකරණය කළ මනාහැකි වූ විට කනේ ල්ල,
මකෝපය, මහෝ මනා න්සුන් බවක් දැමන්.

44
13.ෙට දිගු මේවා කාලයක් ලබා දී ඇත. (පැය 8 ට වඩා
වැඩි)

14.රැකියා ේථානය තුළ දී, ෙට ප්‍රොණවත් විමව්කයක්

ලබා දී ඇත.

15.රැකියා ේථානය විසින් ො හට අසීරු ඉලක්ක ලබා

දී ඇත.

16.වෘත්ීය ආතතිය නි ා, ො රැකියා ේථානමේ දී,

හදිසි අනතුරු හා ආබාධ්‍වලට මුහුණ දී ඇත.

17.ෙට, ෙමේ ගයන් හ කණ්ඩායම් ාොජිකයන්

ෙඟ මහාඳ ම්බන්ධ්‍තාවයක් ඇත.

18.ෙමේ ගයන් හ කණ්ඩායම් ාොජිකයන්

රැකියා ේථානය තුළ ම ෞඛ්‍ය හා ආරක්ෂාව
ම්බන්ධ්‍ අවදානම් කළෙනාකරණය ඳහා මහාඳින්
පුහුණු කර ඇත.

19.රැකියා ේථානය තුළ දී ො හදිසි

අනතුරකට/දුෂ්කරතාවන්ට මුහුණ දුන්මනාත්, ෙමේ
ගයන් හ කණ්ඩායම් ාොජිකයන් ෙට හාය
ලබා මදන බව විශ්වා යි.

20.ෙමේ රැකියා ේථානය, වැඩ කිරීෙට භාවිතා කරන

උපකරණ නිතිපතා පරීක්ෂාවට ලක් කරයි.

21.උපකරණ ෙඟ වැඩ කරන අතරතුර, අවදානම්

කළෙනාකරණය කරන්මන් මකමේද යන්න පිළිබඳව
ෙට වඩා මහාඳ පුහුණුවක් ඇත.

22.ො වැඩ කරන අතරතුර, යන්ර හ උපකරණ

නි ා හදිසි අනතුරකට මුහුණ දී තිමේ.

23.රැකියා ේථානමේ, ම ෞඛ්‍ය හා ආරක්ෂක

මරගුලාසි පිළිබඳව ෙට පැහැදිලි අවමබෝධ්‍යක් ඇත.

24.ෙමේ රැකියා ේථානය තුළ, ක්‍රියාකාරී ම ෞඛ්‍ය හා

ආරක්ෂක කමිටුවක් ඇත.

25.අනාරක්ිතව වැඩ කිරීෙ ප්‍රතික්මෂ්ප කළ හැකි

බව ෙෙ දනිමි

45
0 = කවදාවත් නැහැ 1 = වසරකට වරක් 2 = සෑම මාස 6 කට වරක්

3 = සෑම මාස 3 කට වරක් 4 = සෑම මාසයකම 5 = අදාළ නනානේ

5 4 3 2 1 0
26.ඔබ මකාපෙණ වාරයක්, කිමලෝ 20 ට වඩා
වැඩි බරක් තල්ු කිරීෙ මහෝ එ වීෙ සිදුකරනවා
ද?

27.ඔබ මකාපෙණ වාරයක්, නුහුරු කාර්යයන්

ඉටු කරන්මන් ද?

28.ඔබ මකාපෙණ වාරයක්, ර ායනික ද්‍රවය

මහෝ ගිනි අවුුවන ද්‍රවය ෙඟ වැඩ කරනවාද?

29.ඔබ මකාපෙණ වාරයක්, මීටර් 5 ට වඩා උසින්

වැඩ කරනවාද?

30.ඔබ මකාපෙණ වාරයක්, දිනකට පැය 3 කට

වඩා මදපයින් සිට මගන වැඩ කරනවාද?

31.ඔබ මකාපෙණ වාරයක්, රැකියා ේථානමේ දී

අනතුරු වලට මුහුණ දී තිමේද?

46
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