HUMAN

ENVIRONME
NT-
SETTLEMENT
A. KEYWORDS
,
1. Site: It refers to a place where a building or a settlement develops.

TRANSPORT
2. Transhumance: It is a seasonal movement of people.
3. Compact Settlement: It is a closely built area of dwellings.
4. Scattered Settlement: When dwellings are spread over an extensive area.
& It is the means by which people and goods move from one place to another.
5. Transport:
6. Metalled roads: These are Pucca roads and are used in all the weather.
COMMUNIC
7. Unmetalled roads: These are Kutcha roads. They become out of use during rainy season.
8. Subways: Underground roads.
ATION
9. Flyovers: These are built over raised structures.

B. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Why did settlements grow near the river valleys?

Ans- Settlements grew near the river valleys because plenty of water was available there and
land was fertile.

2. What are called temporary settlements?

Ans- settlements which are occupied for a short time are called temporary settlements.

3. What do people living in temporary settlements practise?

Ans- They practise hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation and transhumance.

4. Why do people who rear animals move from place to place?

Ans- they move from place to place in search of new pastures according to changes in seasons.

5. Differentiate a compact settlement from a scattered settlement.

Ans- A compact settlement is a closely built area of dwellings wherever flat land is available. But
scattered settlement dwellings are spaced over an extensive area.

6. Where are scattered settlements found?

Ans- Scattered settlements are found in hilly tracts, thick forests and regions of extreme climate.

7. Name the materials used in buildings houses in rural areas.

Ans- Stones, Mud, Clay, Straw etc.

8. Name some animals used for carrying goods in India.

Ans- Donkeys, Mules, Bullocks and Camels.

9. Where do you find a dense network of roads?

Ans- In Plains.

10. Name one of the highest highways in the world.

Ans- Manali-Leh highway in the Himalaya Mountain.

11. What have replaced the steam engine?

Ans- Diesel and Electric engines have replaced the steam engine.

12. Name any two important ports of the world.

Ans- Singapore and Rio de Janerio.

13. When are helicopters proved to be very useful?

Ans- Helicopters are proved to be very useful in the time of calamities for rescuing people and
distributing food, water, clothes and medicines.

14. How have satellites proved themselves helpful?

Ans- Satellites have helped in:

a) Oil exploration

b) Survey of forest

c) Underground water

d) Mineral wealth

e) Weather forecast

f) Disaster warning

15. Why is air travel very expensive?

Ans- Air travel is very expensive due to high cost of fuel.

C. LONG QUESTION ANSWER

1. What are the major means of transport? Explain each of them.

Ans- There is four major means of Transport:

a) Roadways: roads the most commonly used means of transport. They are of two types-
metalled roads also known as pucca roads and unmetalled roads also known as kutcha roads.

b) Railways: the railways carry people and bulky goods. They cover long distances quickly and
cheaply. The railway network is well developed over the plain areas. With the development of
advanced technological skills we have now railway lines laid in difficult mountains terrains also.

c) Waterways: these are the cheapest means of transport. They carry heavy and bulky goods
over long distances. They are of two types- inland waterways and sea routes. Navigable rivers
and lakes are used as inland waterways, for example, ganga- Brahmaputra river system. Sea
routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one
country to another.

d) Airways: these are the most expensive means of transport. It is the only mode of transport to
reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways.
Helicopters are useful in the most inaccessible areas and in times of calamities.