REVIEW

REVIEW NOTES
NOTES IN
IN
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
AND
AND ACCIDENT
ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
INVESTIGATION

03/11/20 1
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

03/11/20 2
TRAFFIC

03/11/20 3
• It refers to the movement of persons,
goods, or vehicles, either powered by
combustion system or animal drawn, from
one place to another for the purpose of
travel.
• It was derived from the word trafficare
which means “to carry on trade”.

03/11/20 4
Management
It is the
skillful use of
means to
accomplish a
purpose.

03/11/20 5
Accident
Any unexpected
occurrence which
results to
unintended death,
injury or damage
to property.

03/11/20 6
Traffic
Accident
Any accident
involving travel
transportation
on a traffic
way.

03/11/20 7
Traffic Accident
Investigation
Systematic
process of
establishing
facts and
circumstances
pertaining to a
traffic accident.

03/11/20 8
Operation
Pertains to a course
or series of acts to
effect a certain
purpose; manner or
action; or a vital or
natural process of
activity.

03/11/20 9
 Shoulder

• It refers to either
side of the
roadway, especially
along highways.

03/11/20 10
 Roadway

• It refers to that
part of the traffic
way over which
motor vehicle pass.

03/11/20 11
 Traffic way

03/11/20 12
• It refers to the entire width
between boundary lines of every way
or place of which any part is open to
the use of the public for purposes of
vehicular traffic as a matter of right
or custom.

03/11/20 13
 Pillars
Pillars of
of Traffic
Traffic

03/11/20 14
 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

03/11/20 15
• It is the science of measuring traffic and
travel.
• The study of the basic laws relative to traffic
laws, rules and regulations.
• It is the application of this knowledge to the
professional practice of planning, deciding, and
operating traffic system to achieve safe and
efficient transportation of persons and goods.

03/11/20 16
 Agencies Concerned in
Traffic Engineering
• DPWH
• Provincial government – municipalities
within the province.
• Municipal government – network of streets
and roads within the barangay.
• Chartered cities – barangay within the
cities.

03/11/20 17
 TRAFFIC EDUCATION

03/11/20 18
• It is the process
of giving training
and practice in the
actual application
of traffic safety
knowledge.

03/11/20 19
 Three Levels of Traffic
Safety Education

• Imparting
knowledge
concerning traffic
safety.

03/11/20 20
• Training and
practice in the
actual application
of traffic safety
knowledge.

03/11/20 21
• Developing traffic
safety morality.

03/11/20 22
 Four Basic Types of Instruction
Methods Used in
Driver Education Program
• Comprehensive
• Traditional Instruction
• Commentary Driving Method
• Simulated Conditions and Off the
Road Training

03/11/20 23
 Comprehensive

• This method places

the student into
real life of driving
situation from the
beginning.

03/11/20 24
• Traditional
Instruction
• This type of
instruction
depends on
instruction-student
communication.

03/11/20 25
 Commentary Driving
Method
• The student-driver
will be accompanied
by an instructor.
As the student-
driver drives, the
instruction has to
give comments on
his driving.

03/11/20 26
• Simulated
Conditions and
Off the Road
Training

03/11/20 27
 Simulator

• It is a static
machine with all
the important
features of a car
used in driving
method or driving
training.

03/11/20 28
 TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT

03/11/20 29
• This field deals mostly on the
implementation and enforcement of
traffic law, rules and regulations.

03/11/20 30
Police-Court Enforcement Process

• Detection
• Apprehension
• Prosecution
• Adjudication
• Penalization

03/11/20 31
 Major Elements of Traffic
Enforcement System

• Enforcement system - it consists of

legislation, police, court, and
penalties.

03/11/20 32
• Road users system (traffic way
users) - it includes pedestrians,
drivers, passengers, and vehicles.

03/11/20 33
• Road system (traffic system) - it
consists of the entire road and
vehicle complex.

03/11/20 34
 Kinds of Enforcement Action

• Traffic Arrest - it is an enforcement

action which consists of taking a
person into custody for the purpose
of holding or detaining him to answer
a charge of law violation before a
court.

03/11/20 35
• Traffic citation – is made of having
violator appear in court without
physical arrest.

03/11/20 36
• Traffic warning – is an enforcement
action which does not contemplate
possible assessment of penalty by
the court or otherwise as a result of
warning alone.

03/11/20 37
 Types of Traffic Warning

• Visual warning – it is indicated by

gesture of the hand and/or of the
head.

03/11/20 38
• Verbal warning – a form of traffic
safety education. Tell the driver or
violator that he violated a law and
explain the hazards of such
violations.

03/11/20 39
• Written warning – combination of
verbal warning and citations. It gives
the spirit of verbal warning and the
form of citation.

03/11/20 40
 TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR
ENVIRONMENT

03/11/20 41
• The study with potentially disastrous
population explosion changes in urban
environment due to scale and density of
new urban concentration and new
activities carried out air pollution, water
pollution and crowding, especially
transport congestion which result
therein.

03/11/20 42
 TRAFFIC ECONOMY

03/11/20 43
• It deals with the benefits and
adverse effects of traffic to our
economy.

03/11/20 44
 45

TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC LAWS,
LAWS,
RULES
RULES
AND
AND REGULATIONS
REGULATIONS

03/11/20
 R.A. 4136
• It is otherwise called as the Land
Transportation Code of the Philippines.
• This is the basic law regulating land
transportation in the Philippines.
• It has repealed Act No. 3992 which is
the Revised Motor Vehicle Law.

03/11/20 46
 R.A. 6539

• Anti-Carnapping
Act of 1972

03/11/20 47
 Carnapping
• Unlawful taking, with intent to gain,
through force, violence or intimidation,
a motor vehicle belonging to another
person without the latter’s consent.

03/11/20 48
 R.A. 8749

• Clean Air Act of the Philippines

03/11/20 49
 R.A. 8750

• It provides for the attachment of

seatbelts for all types of motor
vehicles and impose penalty for the
non-compliance thereof.

03/11/20 50
 R.A. 7924

• The act creating the Metropolitan

Manila Development Authority, defining
its powers and functions, providing
funds therefore and for other
purposes.

03/11/20 51
03/11/20 52
 R.A. 8794
• Overloading Act of the Philippines

03/11/20 53
 P.D. 96
• Regulating the use of sirens, bells, horns, etc., by
prohibiting the attachment of any siren, horn bell,
etc on motor vehicles which produce unusual or
startling sounds as well as blinkers and other similar
devices unless the vehicle belongs to the AFP, NBI,
LTO, PNP, BJMP, hospitals and fire departments and
are specifically intended for use in emergencies.

03/11/20 54
 P.D. 101
• Expediting the methods of prescribing,
redefining or modifying the lines and
modes of operations of public utility
motor vehicles in the Philippines.

03/11/20 55
 P.D. 612
• Requiring compulsory insurance for all
types of motor vehicles against third
party liability as an additional pre-
requisite for registration by the LTO.

03/11/20 56
 57

Passenger
Passenger Personal
Personal
Accident
Accident Insurance
Insurance
Program
Program

03/11/20
 "All Risk-No Fault" insurance
policy
• This means that when an accident
occurs, the insurance company has to
automatically indemnify the victims
without the need to establish the cause
of the accident or identify the party at
fault.
• It also includes accidents that may occur
during boarding or disembarking, and will
cover both paying and non-paying
passengers.
03/11/20 58
• Passengers incurring minor injuries are
now entitled to a minimum of P5,000
while those who sustain major injuries
will receive at least P12,500.
• These amounts can be claimed outright
without the need to present receipts
and other medical documents.

03/11/20 59
 Management Group Systems
• Philippine Accident Managers, Inc.
(PAMI) handles PUV with plates having
an even middle digit.
• Special Alliance Management, Inc.
(SAMI). SAMI handles PUV with plates
having an odd middle digit.

03/11/20 60
 P.D 207
• Declaring as part of the laws of the
Philippines the Vienna Convention on
Road Traffic Signs and Signals.

03/11/20 61
 P.D. 1686
• Imposing a tax on every motor vehicle
equipped with air conditioner.

03/11/20 62
 P.D. 1181
• Providing for the abatement of air
pollution from motor vehicles and for
other purposes.

03/11/20 63
 P.D. 109
• Modified P.D. 98 which regulates the
issuance of license plates of all motor
vehicles.

03/11/20 64
 L.O.I. 43
• Providing for the removal of all
impediments on roads, streets, and
highways such as constructions, stalled
or parked vehicles and other movable
property that obstruct free passage.
• This LOI abrogated city or municipal
ordinances governing the disposition of
traffic on city and municipal streets
throughout the country.

03/11/20 65
 L.O.I. 229
• Requiring all motor vehicle owners, users, or drivers
to have in their possession at all time while driving at
least one (1) pair of early warning device for use
when the vehicle is disabled on roads, streets and
highways or other emergencies compelling the vehicle
to be on stop position.

03/11/20 66
 Early Warning Device
• A device used to warn incoming motor
vehicles that there is a stalled motor
vehicle on the roadway.

03/11/20 67
 L.O.I. 112
• Prohibiting freight and cargo trucks
from using roads, highways and bridges
whose load capacities are in excess of
specific allowable limits.

03/11/20 68
 L.O.I. 551

• Directing the law enforcement agencies

to implement the Pollution Control
Program.

03/11/20 69
 A.O. 8, s-1968

• Requiring the towing and impounding of

stalled motor vehicles on public
highways and the imposition of
corresponding fees thereof.

03/11/20 70
 A.O. 1, s-1973

• Prescribing guidelines and procedures in

the implementation of P.D. 96.

03/11/20 71
 A.O. 1, s-1975

• Laying down specific rules of action in

the imposition of uniform fines and
penalties for violation of the provisions
of R.A. 4136.

03/11/20 72
 S.O. 101
• Enumerating and identifying various
city streets where parking is
prohibited.

03/11/20 73
PARKING ON THE CURB

03/11/20 74
 CURVE ROAD

03/11/20 75
INFRONT OF A FIRE A
HYDRANT

03/11/20 76
IN A PEDESTRIAN LANE

03/11/20 77
 FLYOVER

03/11/20 78
 HOSPITAL

03/11/20 79
 FIRE STATION

03/11/20 80
 BRIDGE

03/11/20 81
WITH A NO PARKING SIGN

03/11/20 82
 INTERSECTION

03/11/20 83
 M.C. 2005-14

• Supplement to M.C. 2003-033, which

grants fare discounts to elderly,
disabled persons and students.

03/11/20 84
 85

DRIVER’S
DRIVER’S LICENSE
LICENSE

03/11/20
• Any document issued to a qualified
driver who possesses the statutory
qualification as provided therefore. It
is also a public document which has the
legal presumption of genuineness.

03/11/20 86
 DRIVERS’ LICENSES
Type of Minimum Age Validity Basic Document
License
Student’s 16 yrs old 12 Birth certificate
Permit months
Non- 17 yrs old 3 yrs 1 month old SP
professional
Professional 18 yrs old 3 yrs 5 mos old SP/4 mos old NP
Military 18 yrs old 3 yrs Same with prof.
International 18 yrs old 3 yrs Professional license
for OFW
International 90 days
for Tourist 17 yrs old (non-
License from country of
prof. only) origin
Conductor’s
18 yrs old 3 yrs ---
03/11/20 87
 Driver’s Restriction Code

• 1- Motorcycles/Motorized Tricycles
• 2- Vehicle up to 4500 kgs GVW
• 3- Vehicle above 4500 kgs GVW
• 4- Automatic clutch up to 4500 kgs GVW
• 5- Automatic clutch up to 4500 kgs GVW
• 6- Articulated vehicle 1600 kgs GVW and below
• 7- Articulated vehicle 1601up to 4500 kgs GVW
• 8- Articulated vehicle 4501 kgs and above GVW

03/11/20 88
 Driver’s Condition
• A – wear eye glasses
• B – drive only with special equipment
for upper limbs
• C – drive only with special equipment
for lower limbs
• D – daylight driving only
• E – accompanied by a person with
normal hearing
03/11/20 89
MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION

PRIVATE – Green with white background

PUBLIC UTILITY VEHICLES (PUVs) –
Black with yellow background
GOVERNMENT – Red (Maroon) with
white background
DIPLOMAT – Blue with white background

03/11/20 90
 Dimensions and Medium
The current series of
Philippine registration plates
("plaka" in the Tagalog
vernacular) measure 390mm X
140mm.

03/11/20 91
 Government Plate

03/11/20 92
 Diplomatic Plate

03/11/20 93
 Private

03/11/20 94
 Public

03/11/20 95
 Motorcycle Plates

03/11/20 96
Protocol/High-ranking government
plates
• 1 - President
• 2 - Vice President
• 3 - Senate President
• 4 - Speaker of the House of
Representatives
• 5 - Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court
• 6 - Cabinet Secretaries
03/11/20 97
• 7 - Senators
• 8 - Congressmen
• 9 - Associate Justices of the
Supreme Court
• 10 - Presiding Justice and other
Justices of the Court of Appeals
• 11 - Chairman of the Commission
on Elections
• 12 - Cabinet Undersecretary
03/11/20 98
• 13 - Solicitor General
• 14 - Chief of Staff, Armed
Forces of the Philippines and
Chief, Philippine National
Police
• 16 - Regional Trial Court
Judges

03/11/20 99
MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION

Last Digit of Plate Middle Digit Weekly Deadline

Number of Plate (working days of the
Number month only)
1 – Jan 6 – Jun 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 – Feb 7 – Jul 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 – Mar 8 – Aug 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
4 – Apr 9 – Sep 9 0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
5 – May 0 - Oct 29 30 31

03/11/20 100
 101

VANITY
VANITY LICENSE
LICENSE
PLATE
PLATE

03/11/20
• Optional motor vehicle plate for the
purpose of establishing personalized
identity of the motor vehicle to the
registered owner.
• It shall be effective for life unless
revoked by LTO.
• Physical service life shall be within five
years.
03/11/20 102
 Categories of Vanity Plates
• Limited Edition
• Select Edition
• Premium Edition
• Special Plate

03/11/20 103
 Limited Edition
• It consists of four or maximum of six
characters, either all numeric or all
alphas.
• E.g. 999999, XXXXXX
• It can be purchased through public
auction with a floor price of Php50,
000.00

03/11/20 104
 Premium Edition
• It consists of six (6) characters, a
combination of numeric-alpha (reverse
of the current license plate number).
• E.g. 850 CNR, 777 AVE
• The price is Php15, 000.00

03/11/20 105
 Select Edition
• It consists of minimum of three (3) or
maximum of six (6) characters.
• E.g. GANDA, JUST 4 U, LUV 8
• The price is Php10, 000.00

03/11/20 106
 Special Plate
• It consists of three alpha characters
and a number ranging from 1-100.

03/11/20 107
 SALIENT
PROVISIONS OF
REPUBLIC ACT NO.
4136

03/11/20 108
 OVERLOADING
• All passengers automobiles for hire are
required to have the registered passenger
capacity marked plainly and conspicuously on
the sides thereof in letters and numerals not
less than 5 cm in height.
• Motor trucks for passengers or freight,
private or for hire, shall have the registered
passenger or freight gross and net weight
capacities marked plainly and conspicuously on
the sides thereof in letters and numerals not
less than 5 cm in height

03/11/20 109
03/11/20 110
CARGO CARRYING DEVICES
The construction of devices for
carrying cargo at the rear or sides of
trucks may be allowed, subject to the
approval of the Commissioner, but the
total net weight of the device,
including cargo, must not exceed 100
kilos.

03/11/20 111
03/11/20 112
RIDING ON A RUNNING
BOARD
It is strictly
prohibited, except for
conductors collecting
passenger fare.

03/11/20 113
03/11/20 114
 RIDING ON TOP OF A
MOTOR VEHICLE
Passengers shall not be allowed to ride
on top of motor vehicles, but baggage or
freight may be carried on top of the truck,
provided that the weight thereof is not
more than 20 kilos per square meter
distributed in such a way as not to
endanger passengers or the vehicle’s
stability.

03/11/20 115
03/11/20 116
 RESTRICTION AS TO
SPEED
Any person driving a motor
vehicle on a highway shall
drive the same at a careful
and prudent speed.
The speed should not be
greater nor less than is
reasonable and proper.
03/11/20 117
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
SPEED

03/11/20 118
 TYPE OF ROADWAY
• Open country roads, with no blind
corners not closely bordered by
habitations.
• Passenger Cars and Motorcycles – 80
km
• Motor Trucks and Buses – 50 km

03/11/20 119
03/11/20 120
 TYPE OF ROADWAY
• “Through streets” or boulevards clear
of traffic, with no blind corners,
when so designated.
• Passenger cars and motorcycles – 40
km
• Motor trucks and buses – 30 km

03/11/20 121
03/11/20 122
 TYPE OF ROADWAY
• City and municipal streets, with light
traffic, when not designated “through
streets”
• Passenger cars and motorcycles – 30
km
• Motor trucks and buses – 30 km

03/11/20 123
03/11/20 124
 TYPE OF ROADWAY
• Through crowded streets, approaching
intersections at “blind corners”,
passing school zones, passing other
vehicles which are stationary, or for
similar dangerous circumstances.
• Cars and motorcycles – 20 km
• Motor Trucks and Buses – 20 km

03/11/20 125
03/11/20 126
EXCEPTION TO SPEED
LIMIT

03/11/20 127
03/11/20 128
03/11/20 129
03/11/20 130
 131

OVERTAKING
OVERTAKING AND
AND
PASSING
PASSING

03/11/20
 What other considerations should be
remembered?

1.Use Signal Lights.

2.Use Horns.

03/11/20 132
 Prohibited

4 5

1
2

Permitted

03/11/20 133
 134

Right
Right of
of Way
Way Rules
Rules

03/11/20
Yield the Right
of Way

Given the Right

of Way
1

03/11/20 135
 2

Yield the Right

of Way
Given the Right 1

of Way

03/11/20 136
 Main Highway

Thru-Highway
Yield the Right
of Way
1
Given the Right
of Way

03/11/20 137
 Main Highway

Private Driveway

Yield the Right

Given the Right 1
of Way
of Way

03/11/20 138
Starting, Stopping or
Turning Rules

03/11/20 139
 The driver of any motor vehicle on
a highway, before starting, stopping
or turning from a direct line, shall
first see that such movement can be
made safely; and if any pedestrian is
affected by such movement, he shall
give a clearly audible signal by
sounding the vehicle’s horn.

03/11/20 140
MAKING A RIGHT TURN

03/11/20 141
03/11/20 142
MAKING A LEFT TURN

03/11/20 143
03/11/20 144
 MAKING A U-TURN

2 LANE ROAD

03/11/20 145
03/11/20 146
 MAKING A U-TURN

FOUR LANE ROAD

03/11/20 147
03/11/20 148
 TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC CONTROL
CONTROL
DEVICES
DEVICES AND
AND AIDS
AIDS

03/11/20 149
TRAFFIC SIGNS

•  A device mounted or on a portable

support where a message is conveyed
by means of words or symbols,
officially erected or installed for the
purpose of regulating, warning or
controlling traffic.

03/11/20 150
 TYPES USES EXAMPLES

Caution or Signs that requires drivers

Warning or to be more attentive on
Danger signs certain stretch of the
roadway.

Information Signs that drivers may or

or Guide or may not use but it will
Direction assist them.
Signs

Regulatory Signs that requires driver

or to perform or not to
Instruction perform an act.
or
Mandatory
Signs
03/11/20 151
 PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND
MARKERS

•  All lines, patterns, words, colors, or

other gadgets except signs, set into
the surface of applied or attached to
the pavement of curbing, or to objects
within or adjacent to the roadway,
officially placed for the purpose of
regulating, warning, or control traffic.

03/11/20 152
03/11/20 153
SINGLE WHITE DOTTED LINE

03/11/20 154
 SINGLE WHITE
CONTINUOUS LINE

03/11/20 155
DOUBLE YELLOW LINE

03/11/20 156
SINGLE YELLOW LINE PROVIDED
WITH A PASSING LANE

03/11/20 157
 Object Markings

03/11/20 158
 Directional arrows

03/11/20 159
 Curb Markings

03/11/20 160
 Reflector

03/11/20 161
 Stop lines

03/11/20 162
 Crosswalk

03/11/20 163
 TRAFFIC LIGHTS

• It is defined as a signal operated

manually, electrically by which traffic
is commanded to stop and permitted
to proceed.

03/11/20 164