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Generalized molecular flux equation Generalized molecular flux equation

Generalized molecular flux equation Generalized molecular flux equation

Modified generalized molecular flux equation

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Generalized molecular flux equation Generalized molecular flux equation

Modified generalized molecular flux equation Modified generalized molecular flux equation

Generalized molecular flux equation Generalized molecular flux equation

Modified generalized molecular flux equation Modified generalized molecular flux equation

Convective flux equation Convective flux equation

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Generalized molecular flux equation

Total flux equation

Modified generalized molecular flux equation

Convective flux equation

Interphase flux Interphase flux

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Interphase flux Interphase flux

Analytical Vs Experimental

Interphase flux Interphase flux in heat transfer

Analytical Vs Experimental

Friction factor
Heat transfer coefficient
Mass Transfer coefficient

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Interphase flux in heat transfer Interphase flux in heat transfer

Consider flat plate suspended in a uniform stream of
air with thermal conductivity k, velocity v∞ and
temperature T∞ as shown in figure. Derive generalized
equation for rate of heat transfer from plate surface
and give physical interpretation of heat transfer
coefficient
Consider flat plate suspended in a uniform stream of
air with thermal conductivity k, velocity v∞ and
temperature T∞ as shown in figure. Derive generalized
equation for rate of heat transfer from plate surface
and give physical interpretation of heat transfer
coefficient

Interphase flux in heat transfer Interphase flux in heat transfer

Consider flat plate suspended in a uniform stream of

air with thermal conductivity k, velocity v∞ and
temperature T∞ as shown in figure. Derive generalized
equation for rate of heat transfer from plate surface
and give physical interpretation of heat transfer
coefficient
Total heat flux from plate to flowing stream

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Interphase flux in heat transfer Interphase flux in heat transfer

(1) (1)

No slip boundary condition

Interphase flux in heat transfer Interphase flux in heat transfer

(1) (1)

No slip boundary condition No slip boundary condition

(2)

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Rate of heat transfer Rate of heat transfer

(3)

Rate of heat transfer Rate of heat transfer

(3) (3)

Temperature gradient at wall in presence of flow

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Rate of heat transfer Rate of heat transfer

(3) (3)

Temperature gradient at wall in presence of flow Temperature gradient at wall in presence of flow
Experimental calculation of heat flux in terms of Experimental calculation of heat flux in terms of
convective heat transfer convective heat transfer
(4)

Rate of heat transfer Rate of heat transfer

(3) (3)
(4)

Combining and rearranging equation (3) and (4)

Temperature gradient at wall in presence of flow
Experimental calculation of heat flux in terms of
convective heat transfer
(4)

Newton's law of cooling

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Rate of heat transfer Rate of heat transfer

(3) (3)
(4) (4)

Combining and rearranging equation (3) and (4) Combining and rearranging equation (3) and (4)
(5)

Rate of heat transfer Rate of heat transfer

(3) (3)
(4) (4)

Combining and rearranging equation (3) and (4) Combining and rearranging equation (3) and (4)
(5) (5)

Where <h> is defined as Where <h> is defined as

(6)

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Interphase flux in heat transfer

Rate of heat transfer
(3)
(4)

(5)

Consider flat plate suspended in a uniform stream of

(6)
air with thermal conductivity k, velocity v∞ and
temperature T∞ as shown in figure. Derive generalized
Combining equation 1-6 equation for rate of heat transfer from plate surface
Generalized equation for rate of heat transfer and give physical interpretation of heat transfer
(7) coefficient
AH = Total area , (ΔT)ch characteristic temperature difference

Physical interpretation of heat transfer coefficient (3)

(1)
L
(2)

Combining and rearranging equation (1) and (2)

(3)

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(3) (3)

Total actual resistance ~ resistance of stagnant film of thickness δt

(3) (3)

Total actual resistance ~ resistance of stagnant film of thickness δt Total actual resistance ~ resistance of stagnant film of thickness δt

(4)

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Physical interpretation of heat transfer coefficient Physical interpretation of heat transfer coefficient
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

(4) (4)

Combining equation (3) & (4) Combining equation (3) & (4)
(5)

Physical interpretation of heat transfer coefficient In the system shown below, the rate of heat generation
(1) is 800 W/m3 in Region A, which is perfectly insulated on
the left-hand side. Given the conditions indicated in the
(2) figure, calculate the heat flux and temperature at the
right-hand side, i.e., at x = 100 cm, under steady-state
(3) conditions.

(4)

Combining equation (3) & (4)

(5)

Film heat transfer coefficient

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Interphase flux in mass transfer

Let us consider a flat plate suspended in a uniform

stream of fluid (species B) having a velocity v∞ and
species A concentration cA∞ as shown in Figure The
surface of the plate is also coated with species A with
concentration cAw . If DAB is diffusivity of A in B, Derive
generalized equation for rate of mass transfer from
plate surface and give physical interpretation of mass
transfer coefficient

Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface

(1)

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Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

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Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

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Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface

(1) (1)

(2) (4)

(3)

(4)

Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface
(1) (1)

(4) (4)

(5) (5)

Slattery equation
or
Newton’s law of mass transfer

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Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface
(1) (1)

(4) (4)

(5) (5)

(1) & (5) (1) & (5)

Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface
(1) (1)

(4) (4)

(5) (5)

(1) & (5) (1) & (5)

(6)

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Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface
(1) (1)

(6) (6)

(7)

Rate of mass transfer from plate surface Rate of mass transfer from plate surface
(1) (1)

(6) (6)

(7) (7)

(8) (8)

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Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient
(4) (4)

(5) (5)

Combining (4) & (5)

Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient
(4) (4)

(5) (5)

Combining (4) & (5) Combining (4) & (5)

(9)

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Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient
(9) (9)

Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient
(9) (9)

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Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient
(9) (9)

(10)

Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient Physical interpretation of mass transfer coefficient
(9) (9)

(10) (10)

Combining (10) & (11) Combining (10) & (11)

(11)

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Evaluation of inter-phase concentration CAw Evaluation of inter-phase concentration CAw

Evaluation of inter-phase concentration CAw Evaluation of inter-phase concentration CAw

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Evaluation of inter-phase concentration CAw Evaluation of inter-phase concentration CAw

Q. 0.5 L of ethanol is poured into a cylindrical tank of 2 L

capacity and the top is quickly sealed. The total height of
the cylinder is 1 m. Calculate the mass transfer coefficient
if the ethanol concentration in the air reaches 2% of its
saturation value in 5 minutes. The cylinder temperature is
kept constant at 20 °C

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Interphase flux in momentum transfer

Let us consider a flat plate of length L and width W

suspended in a uniform stream having an approach
velocity v∞ as shown in Figure. Derive generalized
equation for drag force in direction of flow and give
physical interpretation of friction factor

Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1)

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Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

No Slip boundary condition

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Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)

(2) (4)

(3)

No Slip boundary condition

(4)

Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)
(4) (4)

(5) (5)

Finning

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Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)
(4) (4)

(5) (5)

(1) & (5) (1) & (5)

Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)
(4) (4)

(5) (5)

(1) & (5) (1) & (5)

(6)

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Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)

(6) (6)

(7)

Drag force in direction of flow Drag force in direction of flow

(1) (1)

(6) (6)

(7) (7)

Where (8)

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Drag force in direction of flow

Calculation of Power
(1)

(6)

(7)

Where (8)

Calculation of Power Calculation of Power

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Physical interpretation of friction factor

Calculation of Power

Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(4) (4)

(5) (5)
Combining (4) & (5)

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Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(4) (4)

(5) (5)
Combining (4) & (5) Combining (4) & (5)

(9)

Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(9) (9)

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Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(9) (9)

Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(9) (9)

(10)

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Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(9) (9)

(10) (10)

Combining (9) & (10) Combining (9) & (10)

(11)

Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(9) (9)

(10) (10)

Combining (9) & (10) Combining (9) & (10)

(11) (11)
Rearranging the equation Rearranging the equation

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Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(9) (9)

(10) (10)

Combining (9) & (10) Combining (9) & (10)

(11) (11)
Rearranging the equation Rearranging the equation
Multiplying by Multiplying by

Physical interpretation of friction factor Physical interpretation of friction factor

(9) (9)

(10) (10)

Combining (9) & (10) Combining (9) & (10)

(11) (11)
Rearranging the equation Rearranging the equation
Multiplying by Multiplying by

(12) Where (12)

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Q : Sports cars, usually have a friction factor of around 0.24. If
the car has a equivalent width of 2 m and a length of 1.5 m,
a) Determine the power consumed by the car when it is
going at 100 km/h with no wind blowing.
b) Repeat part (a) if the wind blows at a velocity of 30 km/h
opposite to the direction of the car.
c) Repeat part (a) if the wind blows at a velocity of 30 km/h
in the direction of the car.
Q : Sports cars, usually have a friction factor of around 0.24.
If the car has a width of 2 m and a height of 1.5 m,
a) Determine the power consumed by the car when it is
going at 100 km/h with no wind blowing.
b) Repeat part (a) if the wind blows at a velocity of 30 km/h
opposite to the direction of the car.
c) Repeat part (a) if the wind blows at a velocity of 30 km/h
in the direction of the car.

Q : Sports cars, usually have a friction factor of around 0.24.

If the car has a width of 2 m and a height of 1.5 m,
a) Determine the power consumed by the car when it is
going at 100 km/h with no wind blowing.
b) Repeat part (a) if the wind blows at a velocity of 30 km/h
opposite to the direction of the car.
c) Repeat part (a) if the wind blows at a velocity of 30 km/h
in the direction of the car.

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

Interphase flux in momentum transfer
Drag force in direction of flow

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)
Interphase flux in heat transfer
Where Rate of heat transfer

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)
(2)

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)
(2) (2)
Interphase flux in mass transfer
Rate of mass transfer

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)

(1) John Thomas Fanning (1)

(2) (2)
(3) (3)

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)

John Thomas Fanning (1) John Thomas Fanning (1)

Newton (2) Newton (2)
(3) Slattery (3)

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(4) (4)

(5) (5)

(6) (6)

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

Generalized Generalized
Transfer Transfer
coefficient coefficient

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

Generalized Generalized
Transfer Transfer
coefficient coefficient

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

Generalized Generalized
Transfer Transfer
coefficient coefficient

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(A) (A)

(B) (B)

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(A) (A)

(B) (B)

(C) (C)

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

(A) (A)

(B) (B)

(C) (C)

Combining equation (A), (B) and (C) Combining equation (A), (B) and (C)

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

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Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number

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Flux
Dimensionless Number Molecular Flux Convective Flux
• Newton’s law of viscosity • Viscosity • Kinematic Viscosity
• Fourier’s law of heat conduction • Thermal Conductivity • Thermal Diffusivity
• Fick’s first law of diffusion • Diffusivity • Diffusivity

Molecular flux = Transport property X Gradient of driving force

Molecular flux = Diffusivity X Gradient of Quantity per
unit volume

Interphase Flux TRANSPORT PHENOMENAN

Molecular Flux Convective Flux Interphase Flux

• Finning Equation (f)

• Newton's law of cooling ( h )
• Slattery Equation ( kc )

EVALUATION OF TRANSPORT PROPERTIES

• Viscosity • Friction factor,
• Thermal Conductivity • Heat transfer coefficient
• Reynolds Number • Diffusivity • Mass transfer coefficient
PROFILE EQUATION FOR
• Nusselt Number • Velocity
• Temperature
• Sherwood Number
• Concentration

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