Engineering Physics

PHY-109
Solid State Physics-1
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY QUANTUM MECHANICS

LASER WAVES

Dr. Jyoti Rajput

Department of Physics
School of Mechanical Engineering
SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab-144411
FIBER OPTICS
Syllabus

✓ Free electron theory (Introduction).

✓ Diffusion and drift current (qualitative).
✓ Fermi energy, Fermi-Dirac distribution function.
✓ Band theory of solids - formation of allowed and forbidden energy
bands.
✓ Concept of effective mass - electrons and holes.
✓ Hall effect (with derivation).
✓ Semiconductors and insulators, Fermi level for intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors.
✓ Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors.
Syllabus
If an electric current flows through a conductor in a magnetic
field, the magnetic field exerts a transverse force on the
moving charge carriers which tends to push them to one side of
the conductor. This is most evident in a thin flat conductor as
illustrated. A buildup of charge at the sides of the conductors
will balance this magnetic influence, producing a measurable
voltage between the two sides of the conductor. The presence
of this measurable transverse voltage is called the Hall effect
after E. H. Hall who discovered it in 1879.
The Hall effect is a conduction phenomenon which
The Hall effect is a conduction phenomenon which is different is different for different charge carriers. In most
for different charge carriers. In most common electrical common electrical applications, the conventional
applications, the conventional current is used partly because it current is used partly because it makes no
makes no difference whether you consider positive or negative difference whether you consider positive or
charge to be moving. But the Hall voltage has a different negative charge to be moving. But the Hall voltage
polarity for positive and negative charge carriers, and it has has a different polarity for positive and negative
been used to study the details of conduction in semiconductors charge carriers, and it has been used to study the
and other materials which show a combination of negative and details of conduction in semiconductors and other
positive charge carriers. materials which show a combination of negative
and positive charge carriers.