SKEU3003 : ELECTRONIC

555 TIMER

GROUP MEMBER:

1) Amirul Asyraf Bin Anuar (SX190758PPRFS04)

2) Muhammad Abdul Fatah Bin Azmi (SX190768PPRS04)
3) Herel Azril Bin Shaf’i (SX190764PPRS04)
Instruction
1. The topic of the group assignment is “555 timer”.
2. The assignment can divided into two main parts;
Part 1: Theory/concept of the 555 timer
Part 2: Demonstrating possible application of the 555 timer
3. For Part 1, every group is required to gather relevant information
related to the 555 timer. The content includes but not limited to; -
What is 555 timer -Block diagram of the 555 timer circuit -Operating
modes -One application of the 555 timer and how it works. **This
application will be demonstrated in Part 2.
4. The content for Part 1 needs to be summarized in a presentation
slide (no specific design /template).
5. In Part 2, the chosen application is demonstrated (fully or partially)
using TinkerCAD circuit (www.tinkercad.com/). The details regarding
the tinkerCAD will be briefly explained in the class.
555 IC TIMER
PART 1
INTRODUCTION
 A timer circuit is one of the circuits that can supply a clock
pulse signal (square wave) for the operation of digital
electronic circuits.
 The 555 timer was the first timer produced and the most
popular.
 This 555 timer is in the form of an integrated circuit (IC)
that has 8 legs that is capable of producing accurate
time delays and/or oscillations.
 PIN LAYOUT OF 555 TIMER IC
Pin 1-Ground: It is connected to ground as
usual. For the timer to function this pin
should be connected to ground.
Pin 2-TRIGGER: The negative input
comparator No 1. A negative pulse on this
pin “sets” the internal Flip-flop when the
voltage drops below 1/3Vcc causing the
output to switch from a “LOW” to a “HIGH”
state
Pin 3-OUTPUT: This pin also has no special
function. This pin is drawn from PUSH-PULL
configuration formed by transistors.This pin
gives the output.
Pin 4-Reset: There is a flip-flop in the 555 IC timer
chip. The output of flip-flop controls the chip
output at pin 3 directly. This pin is connected to
Vcc for the flip-flop to stop from hard resetting.
Pin 8-Power or VCC: This pin also has no special
function. It is connected to a positive voltage.
Pin 7-DISCHARGE: The discharge pin is
connected directly to the Collector of an
internal NPN transistor which is used to
“discharge” the timing capacitor to ground
when the output at pin 3 switches “LOW”.
Pin 6-THRESHOLD: Threshold pin voltage
determines when to reset the flip-flop in the
timer. The threshold pin is drawn from
positive input of comparator 1.
Pin 5-Control Pin: The control pin is connected from
the negative input pin of comparator one. The
function of this pin to give the user the direct
control over the first comparator.
Functional Diagram of the 555 Time
Modes of Operation

The 555 timer has essentially two modes of operation

to produce a variety of applications:
 Astable
 Monostable
 Bistable
Astable Multivibrator
● Astable multivibrator is not stable and it repeatedly switches
from one state to the other.
● These multivibrators are changes between one stable state
to another continuously.
● Also, these multivibrators are low cost to produce, and
simple to design
● The applications of Astable multivibrators involve in radio
gears to transmit and receive radio signals and also in
time, and some systems which require a square wave like
analog integrated circuits
● Example: Can make a light flash a
specific rate. (Can turn on and off repeatedly)
Monostable Multivibrator
● Monostable multivibrator, one state is stable and
remaining state is unstable.
● A trigger pulse is the root to the circuit to enter the
unstable state. When the circuit enters into the unstable
state, then it will return to the normal state after a fixed
time.
● The monostable multivibrator is used as delay and timing
circuits. It is also used for temporary memories.
● Example: Turn a light on in a delayed amount of time.
(Just turn on or off once)
● Applications : Missing pulse detector, linear ramp
generator, frequency divider, pulse width modulation,
etc
Comparison Of Multivibrator
Monostable Multivibrator
1. Only one stable state
2. Trigger is required for the operation
to change the state
3. Two comparators R and C are
necessary with IC555 to obtain the
circuit
4. The frequency of operation is
controlled by frequency of trigger
pulses applied
5. The applications are timer,
frequency devider, pulse width
modulation, etc..
Astable Multivibrator
1. There is no stable state
2. Trigger is not required to change the
state. Called free running
3. Three components RA, RB and C
are necessary with IC 555 to obtain
the circuit
4. The frequency of operation is
controlled by RA, RB and C
5. The applications ae, square wave
generator, flasher, voltage controlled
oscillator etc..
Bistable Multivibrator

● Bistable mutivibrator circuit is stable that can be

changed from one stable to other stable by an external
trigger pulse.
● It can be used as a binary
memory cell to store a
logic state of 0 or 1.
Electronic bistable devices
(flip-flops) have been a
major part of electronic
digital computers since
their invention.
PART 2
Application : Blinking LED Circuit Using a 555 Timer IC
Mode : Astable mode
Circuit Components: 555 timer IC
 LED
 9V battery
 1KΩ Resistor – 2
 470KΩ Resistor
 1µF Capacitor
 Bread Board
 Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE

 Collect all the required components and place the 555 timer IC on the
breadboard.
 Connect pin 1 of a 555 timer IC to the ground. You can find the pin
structure of a 555 timer IC in the circuit diagram shown above.
 The longer lead of a polarized capacitor is the positive and the shorter
lead is negative. Connect pin 2 to the positive end of a capacitor.
Connect the negative lead of the capacitor to the ground of the
battery.
 Now short the pin 2 to pin 6 of the 555 timer IC.
 Connect the output pin 3 with the positive lead of the LED using a 1kΩ
resistor. The negative lead of LED needs to be connected with the
ground.
 Connect pin 4 to the positive end of the battery.
 Pin 5 does not connect to anything.
 Connect pin 6 to pin 7 using a 470kΩ resistor.
 Connect pin 7 to the positive end of the battery using a 1kΩ resistor.
 Connect pin 8 to the positive end of the battery.
 Finally, connect the battery leads with the breadboard to start the
power supply in the circuit
 APPLICATION DEMO
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/6xP7ouWD6de-brilliant-
leelo/editel?sharecode=GX34w8T5h15SUFLKMXnGfgHVNutOT8qRzd9XxShr1OY
CONCLUSION

The circuit design explains the design of the blinking LED (Light
Emitting Diode) with the 555 timer IC. In this configuration, the
555 timer IC has connected in an Astable mode of 555 timer
operation. The circuit design for blinking LED using a 555 timer IC.
This circuit is designed using a low power consumption output
device, a red LED. There are many other applications of 555
timers, generally used in Lamp Dimmer, Wiper Speed control,
Timer Switch, Variable duty cycle fixed frequency oscillator.