TAN Rabe PNcOMuaT om 70 10) ON RCNA, ‘Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-Ib) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop AASHTO Designation: T 180-22 AASHIO Technically Revised: 2022 Editorially Revised: 2022 Technical Subcommittee: 1b, Geotechnical Exploration, Instrumentation, Stabilization, and id Testing 1. SCOPE 44 This method of ests intended for determining the relationship benween the moisture content and Gensity of soils when compacted in a given mold of a given size with a 4.54-kg (10-Ib) rammer Aropped from a height of 457 mm (18 in). Four altemate procedures are provided as follows: M1 Method A—A 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 4.75-mm (No, 4) sieve (see Sections 4 and 5); {Method B—A 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 4.7S-mmm (No. 4) sieve (see Sections 6 and 7); 8 Metiod C—A 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soll material passing a 19.0-mam (0.75-in.) sieve (see Sections 8 and 9); or Method D—A 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 19,0-mm (0.75-in.) sieve (see Sections 10 and 11). 12, ‘The method to be used should be indicated in the specifications for the material being tested. If no ‘method is specified, the provisions of Method A shall govern. 13, ‘This test method applies to soil mixtures that have 40 percent or less retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, when Method A or B is used and 30 percent or less retained on the 19.0-mm (0.75-in.) sieve, when Method C or D is used. Material retained on these sieves shall be defined as oversize particles (coarse particles). 14, tthe fest specimen contains oversized particles, dry density and moisture corrections must be made in accordance with Annex Al. The person or agency speciiving this method may specify = ‘minimum percentage of oversized particles above which a correction must be applied. If no ‘minimum percentage is specified, correction for the oversized particles shall be applied to material ‘containing more than 5 percent by weight of oversized particles, 18. If the specified oversized particle maximum percentage is exceeded, other methods of compaction control must be used (see Note 1). Note 1—One method for the design and control of the compaction of such soils is to use atest fill ‘to determine the required degree of compaction and a method to obtain that compaction. Then vse ‘a method specification to control the compaction by specifying the type and size of sompaction ‘equipment, the lift thickness, and the number of passes. TSb T1804 AASHTO (© 202 by the American Assosiation of State Hihoay and Transportation Officials. Allrighs essed. Duplication is wlan of applica law.OS FR IRUDR iMcdMsath ion 7b 1301.04 LRG BA BE: CV (Mo Mun ors albaardtandavardeeomal con 16. 47. 18, ‘The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For the purposes of determining. conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded ‘ff'“to the nearest unit” in the lat right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limit ‘luc, in accordance with ASTM E29. ‘The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, ‘The qualiy ofthe results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capabiliy, calibration, and maintenance of the ‘equipment used. Agencies thai meet the criteria of R18 are generally considered capable of ‘competent and objective teting/sampling/inspection/ete. Users ofthis standard are cautioned that compliance with R18 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend ‘on many factors; following the suggestions of R18 or some similar acceptable guideline provides ‘a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. 22. 2.3. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: AASHTO Standards: M231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials M339M/M 339, Thermometers Used in the Testing of Construction Materials R 18, Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction Materials Testing Laboratories R76, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size ‘T I9M/T 19, Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate 'T 85, Specifie Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Agaregate ‘7.217, Determination of Moisture in Soils by Means of Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure Moisture Tester 'T.255, Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying, ‘7.265, Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils 1310, In-Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil and Soil~Aggregate by Nuclear ‘Methods (Shallow Depth) ASTM Standards: 2168, Standard Practices for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Ramamer S Compactors 'm _Et, Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers = E1L, Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves ‘£29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance ‘with Specifications ‘= £2307:230M, Standard Specification for Temperauure-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples £2877, Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers ‘International Electrotechnical Commission Standard: '& TEC 60584-1:2013, Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF Specifications and Tolerances TS16 T1802 ‘AASHTO (© 2022by the American Association of State Highyay and Transponation Offic. All rights reserved, Duplication ia veation of applica lew.APPARATUS: Mold Assembly (Mold, Collar, and Baseplate)~Molds shall be solid-wall, metal cylinders ‘manufactured with dimensions and capacities shown in Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 and in Figures 1 ‘and 2 below. They shall have a detachable collar approximately 60 mm (2.375 in.) in height, to permit preparation of compacted specimens of soil-water mixtures of the desired height and volume. The mold and collar shall be so constructed that it can be fastened firmly to a detachable base plate made of the same material. The base plate shall be plane to 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) as shown in Figures 1 and 2, Molds having a volume of 0.000943 0.000014 m' (0.0333 + 0.0005 f) shall Rave an inside diameter of 101,600.40 mm (4.000 + 0.016 in.) and a height of 116.40'+ 0.50 mm (4.584 0.018 in) (Figur 1), Determine mold volume in accordance with the “Calibration of Measure” section of T 19M/T 19 for Unit Mass of Aggregate. ‘Molds having a volume of 0.002124 + 0.000025 m (0.0750 0.0009 #) shall have an inside diameter of 152.40 + 0.70 mm (6.000 + 0.026 in.) and a height of 116.40 + 0.50 mm (4.584 0.018 in. (Figure 2). Determine mold volume in accordance with the “Calibration of Measure” section of T IOM/T 19 for Unit Mase of Aggregate. Alternate types of mold assemblies with volumes that meet the requirements of Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 may be used. Altemate types of mold assemblies must be constructed ofa rigid, inflexible ‘material; must not deform during compaction; and be cylindrical witha detachable collar and detachable base plate as described in Section 3.1. The volume of alternative types of mold assemblies shall be determined and verified in accordance with the “Calibration of Measure” section of T 19M/T 19 for Unit Mass of Aggregate as is required in Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1 ‘When alternate mold types are frst used they should be tesied on several different soils types and ‘the results compared to tests results from mold types specified in Sections 3.I.1, 3.1.2 and Figures 1 and 2, Altemative molds are acceptable when test results meet the single operator repeatability limits ofthis standard. Ex a4 Be aS “4 BE 3441 = = 3.12. =e aS 313. J E = = E > = = = = s : = = : Sib 7180-3 AASHTO (© 2022 ty te American Associ of uate Highuay and Trarsporation Offs ‘Allright rrerved. Duplinton isa volo of opis twREA DRAIN |PcOMsae OM 7 T1.U MRO SADE CV eo RuiMin foros Mbamantandaverdaggmalcon), Kb wom e127 —| [+-s0.0020.88—) | -esse127 L-Frvzest27 easeia7—| areas mn —| esa sodt-| 1079521270 /_————ton0 0200 ‘le 200014 s gs q 1640020) YS 1 wl Fr eseetar bb rrseetar LA We ial |} tessnsase ee ieee raenel 8 A Wega a owes © Fare) © a (pd Baton a an 2 ome) ke ¢ emrenc -——202268——4 ection of tds in Baso Pete Yee 1a dinenio me itne seinn 2 Hamer on he ml pin oly et woe ahve he md ie 5 Fg Isto we ral onpasin eld prine athe pbotion he tation M21) Figure 1—Cylindrical Motd and Base Plate (101.60-mm Mold) TS1b T1804 (©2022 the American Associaton of Sute Hishway and Trssporton Ocal ‘Allright reserved. Duplication sa violation of annie IaMardevarde@gmalcon).- TY PRLIRAION INCOM GAM OM 7A IO T.B4 IHGA BE BV Ro muiTtin Tones aMbalNa naa s1a7 | sosor ose —+| srneaea off 36102254 --1 |} tears tar + 2.2070 —___4 L-esseo6s | easst2r LFerrestar sara. ——_______| si teeot050 (ay Wing a) sua (tenge (©) Wal tap and totem of each hore) (ey Cover) Zz }———mszo1 41 Location of Studs in Base Plate Notes 1. Alldimeasin shown in ilies ms obese ete 2: Hasgeron he mol pein ca canst xed above th mich ine 3. Figure? sob we or conpuctin mols prasad afer pin of he 21 ee D2, “Netosel Figure 2—Cylindrical Mold and Base Plate (152.40-mim Mold) TS1b T1805 AASHTO (©2022 by the American Association of State Highway and Trarspoation Officias, Allies reserved, Dupleation isa wsation of eprlicaelawAe MPR PCeMade OM 7 PR IN) BA IORSA MEV Mo mutin Fores aMaMarimareavedaeag Malcom), Table 1—Dimensional Equivalents for Figure 1 aim i im in Em = soe Diss Ou Tssia7 ‘Oo =0080 ——1079s#127 4250050 331 0150 32 0300 114302254 45000100 635127 02503-0050 sa.loa2st 150020100 116434013, 4504+ 0.005, 762 0300 sog0s06t 2ooems ——152403.254 60000100 osaeoet 037520005 oo33e127 23752008 © 165.108254 65000.100 12708258 0500:10100 101.602 041 4ovs0016 722.54 620050.100 TOO OOD RF ODEO ONS Table 2— Dimensional Equivalents for Figure 2 a Em a i, am in Sies0 Diss 00S Tess) 070040080 1nd 000.2 0036 3a 0180 2032 ano 150754127 6230 0050 6asaia7 0250. 0050 3a104254 150050100 165.104258 650040100 762 0300 sossce: 200040025. 172724254 44000100, sssa0t 375005 s334127 23750080 m3. 234254 80000100 12703254 03008 0100 M6434013 4584x0005 21590254 850040100 DouRiDea LoooNRS mF 0.07500 D000 RT 32.1. 3.2.2. Rammer: Manually Operated—Metal rammer with a mass of 4.536 « 0.009 kg (10.00 + 0.02 Ib) (Note 2) ‘and having a flat circular face of 50.80 mm (2.000 in.) diameter with # manufacturing tolerance of 40.25 mm (40.01 in). The inservice diameter ofthe flat circular face shall be not les than 50.42 mm (1.985 in.) The rammer shall be equipped with a suitable guide sleeve to contol the height of drop to a free fall 4572 mm (18.00 + 0.06 in.) above the elevation of the soil. The {guide sleove shall have atleast four vent holes, no smaller than 9.5-mm (0,375-in.) diameter, spaced approximately 90 degrees (1.57 rad) apart from each end, and shall provide sufficient clearance 50 the fre fall ofthe rammmer shaft and head is unrestricted. Mechanically Operated—A metal rammer that is equipped witha device t control the height of Atop oa fice fll of 457 + 2 mm (18.00 + 0.06 in) above the elevation ofthe sil, and uniformly distributes such drops to the sol surface (see Note 2). The ramuner shall have a mass of 4.536 0.009 kg (10.00 0.02 Tb) (see Note 2) and havea flat czcular face of $0.80 mem (2.000 in.) ameter with a manufactring tolerance of 40.25 mm (4001 in.) The in-service diameter ofthe fiat circular face shall be not less than 50-42 mm (1.985 in). The mechanical ranuner shall be calibrated by ASTM 2168 to give the same moisture-density resulis as wth a manually operated rammer. Note 2—The mechanical rammer apparatus shall be calibrated with several soil types and the sass of the rammer adjusted if necessary, to give the same moisture~density results as with the ‘manually operated amie. may be impractical to adjust the mechanical apparatus o the foe fall is 457 mm (18 in.) cach ‘ime the rammer is dropped, as withthe manually operated rammer. To make the adjustment of freefall, the portion of loose sol to receive the inital blow should be slightly compressed with the rammer to establish the point of impact fom which the 457-mm (18-in.) drop is determined; subsequent blows on the layer of soi being compacted may all be applied by dropping the rammer from a height of 457 mm (18 in.) above the intial-seting elevation, or when the mechanical apparatus is designed with a height adjustment for each blow, all subsequent blows should have a rammer fre fall of 457 mn (1 i.) measured fom the elevation ofthe sll as compacted by the previous blow. A more detail calfration procedure for laboratory mechanical rammer soil ‘compactors can be found in ASTM D2168. TSib Tiss ‘AASHTO (© 2022 by te American Associaton of State Highway and Traneporttion Officials Allright reserve. Duplication a wan of applicable av.UDR CaM oOo OF LEG BA BE: OV (Mo Mim Fara Bar RaratindtveRicRiGmto ee eee UU UU ae, 3.2.3. 33. 34. 35. 37. 3.8. 39. Rammer Face—The circular face rammer shall be used but a sector face rammer may be used as, ‘am alternative provided that the report shall indicate type of face used other than the 50.8-mm (2- in, cireular face, and thatthe sector face rammer shall have an area equal to that of the circular face rammer. The in-service area of sector face rammers shall be standardized and yield a surface area within 1.5 percent ofthe area ofthe 50.8-mm (2-in.) circular face rammer. Sample Exeruder (for Solid-Walled Molds Only) —A jack, lever, frame, or other device adapted for ‘the purpose of extruding compacted specimen from the mold. Balances and Scales—A balance or scale conforming to the requirements of M 231, Class @ 5. Also, a balance conforming to the requirements of M231, Class G 2 (see Note 3). Note 3—The capacity ofthe metric balance or scale should be approximately 11.5 kg (25 Ib) ‘when used to determine the mass of the 152-mm (6-in.) mold and compacted, moist soil; however, ‘when the 102-mm (4-in mold is used, a balance of scale of lesser capacity than 11.5 kg may be used, if the sensitivity and readability are 1 g. Drying Oven—A thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 « 5°C (230 + 9°F) for drying moisture samples. Oven(s) for heating and drying shall be capable of operation at the temperatures required, between 25 to 120°C (77 to 248°F), within 25°C (49°F), as corrected, if necessary, by standardization. More than one oven may be used, provi ‘each is used within its proper operating temperature range. The thermometer for measuting the ‘temperature of materials shall meet the requirements of M 339M/M 339 with a temperatare range of at least 0 to 130°C (32 to 266°F), and an accuracy of #1.25°C (42.25°F) (see Note 4). Note 4—Thermometer types suitable for use include ASTM EI mercury thermometers; ASTM. E2877 digital metal stem thermometer; ASTM £230/E230M thermocouple thermometer, Type J OF K, Special Class, Type T any Class; IEC 60384 thermocouple thermometer, Type J or K (Class 1, Type T any Class; or dial gauge metal stem (bimetal) thermometer. Seraightedge—A hardened stee straightedge at Jeast 250 mm (10 in.) in length. It shall have one beveled edge, and at feast one longitudinal surface (used for final trimming) shall be plane within 0.1 percent of the length within the portion used for trimming the soil (see Note 5). Note 5—The beveled ciige may be used for final trimming ifthe edge is true within a tolerance of (0.25 mm per 250 mm (0.1 percent) of lengt; however, with continued use, the cutting edge may ‘become excessively worn and not suitable for trimming the soil to the level ofthe mold. The straightedge should not be so flexible that trimming the soil surface with the cutting edge wall ‘cause a concave soil surface. ‘Steves —19.0-mm (0.75-in), and 4.75-mm (No, 4) sieves conforming to the requirements of ASTM EN. ‘Mixing Tools—Miscellaneous tools such as mixing pan, spoon, trowel, spatula, ete, ora suitable ‘mechznieal device for thoroughly mixing the sample of soil with increments of water. Comainers—Suiable containers mage of material resistant to corrosion and not subject to change in mass or disintegration on repeated heating and cooling. Containers shall have closefting lids {o prevent loss of moisture from samples before initial mass determination and to prevent absorption of moisture from the atmosphere following drying and before final mass determination. One container is needed foreach moisture content determination TSib 1180-7 q ‘AASHTO (© 2002 by te American Association of State Highway and Trasporation Ofc. Allright reserved, Duplication a vation of apie a,; METHOD A 4. 44 42. 43. 5A. 52. 53. 534 SAMPLE Obtain a representative sample. This sample must be large enough that when the oversized (etained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve) particles are removed 3 kg (7 Ib) or more of the sample Dry the sample until it becomes friable under a trowel. Drying may be in ai or by use of a drying apparatus that is maintained at a temperature not exceeding 60°C (140°F), Thoroughly break up the aggregation in such a manner as to avoid reducing the natural size of individual particles. Sieve the soil over the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, When the sample has oversized particles, particles ‘retained on the 4,75-mm (No. 4) sieve, refer to the Annex Al. Reduce the sample, to a mass of 3 kg (7 Ib) or more in accordance with R 76, PROCEDURE Determine the mass of the mold and base plate to the nearest 1 g (0.005 1b), ‘Thoroughly mix the selected eprsenative sume wth sufficient water to dampen ito approximatly four o eight percentage points Below optimum moisture content ose Not 6) Note 6—When developing a compaction curve for free-draining soils, such as uniform sands and sels, whore sezpage occurs atthe bttom ofthe mold an base plate taking a epesenatve "moisture content spl rom the mixing bowl may be prefered determine the not ot moisture availabe for compaction. Form a specimen by compacting the prepared soil in the 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold assembly in five approximately equal layers to give a total compacted depth of about 125 mm (S in.). Prior to compaction, place the loose soil into the mold assembly and spread into a layer of uniform. ‘thickness. Lightly tamp the soil prior to compaction until its notin a loose or fufly state, using either the manual compaction rammer or similar device having a face diameter of approximately ‘50 mm (2 in.) Following compaction of each of the fist four layers, any soil adjacent to the mold ‘walls that has not been compacted or extends above the compacted surface shall be trimmed using a knife or other suitable device, and be evenly distributed on top of the ayer. Compact ‘each layer by 25 uniformly distributed blows ftom the rammer dropping free from a height ‘0f 457 mm (18 in.) above the elevation of the soil when a sleeve-type rammer is used, oF rom. 457 mm (18 in.) above the approximate elevation ofthe sol as compacted by the previous blow ‘when a stationary mounted type of rammer is used. During compaction, the mold assembly shall ‘est firmly on a dense, uniform, rigid, and stable foundation or base, This base shall remain stationary during the compaction process (see Note 7). Note 7—Each of the following has been found to be a satisfactory base on which to rest the mold ‘assembly during compaction ofthe soi: block of concrete, with a mass of not less than 90 ka (200 Ib), supported by a relatively stable foundation; a sound concrete floor; and for field ‘pplication, such surfaces as are found in concrete box culverts, bridges, and pavements. Following compaction, remove the collar; carefully trim the compacted soil even with the top of the mold by means ofthe straightedge, and determine the mass of the mold, base plate and moist soll in kilograms tothe nearest 1 g (0.005 Ib). Calculate the wet density, p, as deseribed in Section 12, TSib T1808 ‘AASHTO (© 2022 by the American Associaton of Sut Hlghay and Transpettion Officials ‘Alright reserved. Duplication sa violation of applicable law.a TS PEDIEALIGN ITCOMSCe LOT 75 101.94 LEG SA BE EV lo Kurlan Porras al Detach the base plate and remove the material from the mold using the extruder when necessary. Obtain a representative sample of the material by slicing vertically through the center ofthe ‘molded material and removing one of the cut faces (Figure 3) or from the center ofthe pile ifthe ‘material falls apart. Weigh the sample immediately. Determine the moisture content in accordance vith T 265, and record the results, ‘Cut face Figure 3—Representative Moisture Content Sample Selection 55. 55A 5.52. Thoroughly break up the remaining portion of the molded specimen until it will pass a4.75-mm No. 4) sieve as judged by eye, and add to the remaining portion of the sample being tested. Add ‘water insufficient amount to increase the moisture content of the sol by approximately 1 10.2 Percentage points (water content increments should not exceed 2.5 percent, except when heavy Bulk Specific Gravity (Gas) (oven-dry basis) of coarse particles, Ib, Po = percent of oversized particles of sieve used, and | stint ttadiiatiad om 7 = = B: Be = I ; = = = = ‘TS-1b T 180-15, ‘AASHTO 5 ee 7 sicpremmmt nm a