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CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

MODULE 6: INFORMATION SYSTEM AND DATABASE

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

Information System (IS) is the collection of technical and human

resources that provide the storage, computing, distribution, and
communication for the information required by all or some part of an
enterprise. www.techtarget.com

Information System (IS) is a combination of hardware, software,

infrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning,
control, coordination, and decision making in an organization.
www.businessdictionary.com

Information System (IS), an integrated set of components for

collecting, storing, and processing data and for delivering information,
knowledge, and digital products. Business firms and other organizations
rely on information systems to carry out and manage their operations,
interact with their customers and suppliers, and compete in the
marketplace. Encyclopedia Britannica

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CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

PEOPLE

HARDWARE & PROCESS

INFRASTRUCTURE
CORPORATE
VISION
& CULTURE

SOFTWARE DATA

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

THE LIFECYCLE MODEL OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM

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PEOPLE SUPPORT IN ESTABLISHING AN INFORMATION SYSTEM

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING AN INFORMATION

SYSTEM
 Responsive: IS should address the requirements of the organization to
enable Executives, Administrators, Support Personnel, Teachers and
Students to effectively perform their tasks
 Flexibility: IS should enable organizations to respond quickly by
leveraging changes to their advantage, letting them concentrate on
strategic and operation concerns rather than on IS itself
 Comprehensive: IS should be applicable across functions and people. It
should have in depth features of:
 Accounting and Controlling Production/ Enrollment
 Quality Management
 Asset Management
 Human Resources Management
 Etc.

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FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING AN INFORMATION

SYSTEM
 Business Intelligence: IS should provide needed information at the right
time. It should have “early warning systems” for each function for informed
decisions and actions at all levels of the organization
 Scalability and Growth: IS should be open and modular. IS should
embrace an architecture and infrastructure that supports components or
modules which can be used individually, expandable in stages to meet the
specific requirements of the business. It should be compliant to IT open-
standards so that the organization can run it in various technology
platforms and integrate IS with other business applications. Consider the
web-readiness of IS.
 Integrated: IS should cover several functional areas of the organization to
enable users, managers and executives to access the right information and
documents at the right time.
 Best Business Practices: IS should intrinsically have a rich wealth of business
and organizational knowledge base.

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING AN INFORMATION

SYSTEM
 New Technologies: IS should incorporate cutting-edge and future-proof
technologies to ensure inter-operability with the Internet and other
emerging technologies
 Other factors to consider are:
 Global / Local presence of the IS solution
 Market targeted by the IS solution (for packaged HW/SW)
 Obsolescence of the IS
 Ease of Implementation
 Investment for IS
 Cost of Implementation and Post-Implementation (Total Cost of
Ownership)
 Post-Implementation Support Availability / Computer Operation
Management

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CHALLENGES IN ESTABLISHING AND MANAGING

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

CHALLENGES IN CORPORATE VISION and CULTURE

 Lack of Strategic Direction for Information System
 Information System is just an after-thought in strategic planning
among the Academic Institutions
 Seeming Unpreparedness of the Organizational Structures and
Culture for IS

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CHALLENGES IN PEOPLE
 Lack of Executive Project Sponsorship
 Non-availability of experts and users to define the specific business
and IS requirements
 Lack of Cooperation from the staff and the Challenge of Change
Management
 Limited knowledge of IS among Executives, Administrators, Staff,
Teachers (and students**)
 Low capacity to manage IS within the Organization
 Hign turn-over of IS/IT experts

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

CHALLENGES IN HW, INFRASTRUCTURE and SW

 Difficulty in selecting the appropriate technologies from among the many
solutions available in the market today
 The demand of keeping pace with rapidly changing technologies
 The threat of technology obsolescence
 Extent of reach and bandwidth of the data/telco communication facilities
available for the schools
 The danger of hacking and security breach
 BIG INVESTMENT needed for INFORMATION SYSTEMS
 Difficulty in quantifying the benefits of IS

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CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

CHALLENGES IN PROCESS
 Absence of clearly defined systems and procedures within the
organization
 The convenience of “computerizing” the Manual System (thus the
need to consider Business Process Reengineering to achieve corporate
efficiency and effective Management Controls)
 Limited IS Helpdesk and Support Systems

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

CHALLENGES IN DATA
 Identifying the correct and updated source of data and documents
(ie establishing data and information baseline)
 Amount of work needed to build-up and maintain “clean” data
(Garbage In – Garbage Out)
 Need to ensure Data Integrity and Security

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DATABASE CONCEPTS

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

A database is a data structure that stores organized information. Most

databases contain multiple tables, which may each include several
different fields. For example, a company database may include tables for
products, employees, and financial records

Early databases were relatively "flat," which means they were

limited to simple rows and columns, like a spreadsheet.

https://techterms.com/definition/database

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However, today's relational databases allow users to access, update, and

search information based on the relationship of data stored in different
tables. Relational databases can also run queries that involve multiple
databases.

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

While early databases could only store text, numeric, or date data,
modern databases also let users store other data types such as sound
clips, pictures, and videos and define these as binary large object
(BLOBS) data field

https://webfocusinfocenter.informationbuilders.com/wfappent/TLs/TL_srv_dm/source/11etlTips156.htm

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https://lawtomated.com/structured-data-vs-unstructured-data-what-
are-they-and-why-care/

CC 101: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

https://www.laserfiche.com/ecmblog/4-ways-to-manage-
unstructured-data-with-ecm/

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LEARNING ENRICHMENT: DATABASES

What is a database
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tk1t3WKK-ZY

Database Lesson #1 of 8 - Introduction to Databases

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z9KEBexzcM

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