The project life cycle refers to the various stages that a project goes through from its

initiation to its completion. While different methodologies and approaches may have
variations in the specific stages or their names, here is a commonly used framework
for the project life cycle:

1. Initiation: This is the initial phase where the project is conceived, defined, and
authorized. The project's objectives, scope, deliverables, and stakeholders are
identified. Feasibility studies and initial planning take place to determine the project's
viability.
2. Planning: In this phase, a detailed project plan is created. The project manager and
team define tasks, timelines, resources, budget, and quality requirements. Risk
assessment and mitigation strategies are also developed. The project plan serves as a
roadmap for the execution phase.
3. Execution: This is the phase where the actual work is performed. Tasks are carried out
according to the project plan. Team members are assigned their responsibilities, and
coordination and communication among team members and stakeholders are
essential. Progress is monitored, and adjustments may be made to ensure the project
stays on track.
4. Monitoring and Control: Throughout the project, progress is continuously monitored
and compared against the project plan. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are used to
measure project performance. This phase involves tracking costs, schedules, quality,
and risks. Changes or deviations from the plan are identified, and corrective actions
are taken to keep the project on course.
5. Closure: As the project nears completion, the closure phase begins. Deliverables are
reviewed, and the project is formally handed over to the client or end-users. Final
documentation and reports are prepared, and project performance is evaluated
against the initial objectives and success criteria. Lessons learned are documented to
inform future projects.

It's important to note that some methodologies, such as Agile, may have iterations or
sprints within the execution phase, and the project life cycle may be divided into
multiple smaller cycles. Additionally, some methodologies may emphasize flexibility
and adaptability, allowing for changes and adjustments throughout the project. The
specific stages and their duration can vary depending on the project's complexity,
size, and industry.