INTRODUCTION

Electric two-wheelers, as indicates itself, is electricity-powered two-wheelers. A battery pack and a

motor are installed to store and transform the electricity. A user control is usually attached to the
handle bar to brake and adjust the speed.

“Battery operated Vehicle (Two Wheeler)” means a vehicle adapted for use upon roads and powered
exclusively by an electric motor whose traction energy is supplied exclusively by traction battery
installed in the vehicle.

“Provided that a two wheeled battery operated vehicle shall not be deemed to be a motor vehicle if all
the following conditions are verified and authorized by any testing agency specified in rule 126 namely:-

a) Vehicle is equipped with an electric motor having thirty minute power less than 0.25 kW;

b) Maximum speed of the vehicle is less than 25 krn/hr;

c) Vehicle is fitted with suitable brakes and retro-reflective devices, i.e. one white reflector in the front
and one red reflector at the rear;

d) Unladen weight (excluding battery weight) of the vehicle is not more than 60 kg;

e) In case of pedal assisted vehicle equipped with an auxiliary electric motor,

in addition to above, the thirty minute power of the motor is less than 0.25 kW, whose output is
progressively reduced and finally cut off as the vehicle reaches a speed of 25 km/hr, or sooner, if the
cyclist stops pedaling”.

Advantages-

1. Noise less operation.

2. Cheapest way to travel.

3. Comfort and safety are really high.

4. Light weight.

5. Have cool pickup.

6. Have big storage (depends upon model but they have comparatively bigger storage then that of petrol
ones)

7. No licence.

8. No registration (only if your speed is limited till 35kmph)

9. No cost service on vehicle. Cause it’s just oiling brakes and cleaning vehicle.

10. No helmet required (for low speed ones)

11. Best for age range of 16–60yrs people.

Future transport solutions

The importance of user participation for innovation development has been confirmed with the
E2W case. Concerning the best choice of transport modes, the most convenient and cheapest option,
which coincidently fits in with the E2W, is still well appreciated by the users. This tends to be a
straightforward explanation of the E2W situation in China.

The legislation has not yet been clearly defined in the E2W system. Based on the result of the
analysis of both FFA-SWOT and TIS, the review and improvement of the legislation for the E2W
should be prioritised to stabilise the market and then also the production chain of the industry.

This requires some efforts to unify the stakeholders within the legal system. The National Standard for
E-bikes needs to be revised considering the contemporary technology and traffic situation at the
national level.

After the technical specifications are articulated, the local government will need to integrate the new
standard with the local social environment.

Environmental Impacts of Alternative Modes The environmental performance of e-bikes relative to

other competing modes in the PRC is an important comparison.

E-bikes are more environmentally friendly on almost all metrics than cars or taxis. However,
based on user surveys, most e-bike users would otherwise use other low-cost modes, such as bus or
bicycle. In these cases, e-bikes have comparable or worse environmental performance on some
metrics and better performance on others.

E-bike environmental performance relative to bicycle, motorcycle, bus, and car is analyzed using
reports and industrial statistics.

The environmental impacts in this analysis include energy use and emissions of CO2, SO2, PM,
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and lead over the production and use phases of the life
cycle.

This analysis shows that e-bike emissions, including material production and vehicle use phases,
perform comparably to buses and significantly better than motorcycles and cars on most environmental
metrics.

Energy Use and Emissions of Electric Bike Life Cycle

Most of the environmental impacts of electric bikes (e-bikes) can be divided into two categories: those
that occur while they are being produced, and those that occur when they are being used.

There are also some significant emissions when they are disposed of, although these are difficult
to quantify given the infancy of this mode and little information on disposal practices.
One notable disposal emission is that of lead from batteries.

Material Inventory, Emissions, and Energy Use of Electric Bike

Regional Emission Rates of Typical Scooter Style Electric Bikes (units at g/100 km except CO2)

Capacity: 60,000 numbers per year Plant and Machinery: Rs. 2.5 Crores

ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER

INTRODUCTION

Electric two-wheelers, as indicates itself, is electricity-powered two-wheelers. A battery pack and a

motor are installed to store and transform the electricity. A user control is usually attached to the
handle bar to brake and adjust the speed.

“Battery operated Vehicle (Two Wheeler)” means a vehicle adapted for use upon roads and powered
exclusively by an electric motor whose traction energy is supplied exclusively by traction battery
installed in the vehicle.

“Provided that a two wheeled battery operated vehicle shall not be deemed to be a motor vehicle if all
the following conditions are verified and authorized by any testing agency specified in rule 126 namely:-

a) Vehicle is equipped with an electric motor having thirty minute power less than 0 kW;

b) Maximum speed of the vehicle is less than 25 krn/hr;

c) Vehicle is fitted with suitable brakes and retro-reflective devices, i. one white reflector in the
front and one red reflector at the rear;

d) Unladen weight (excluding battery weight) of the vehicle is not more than 60 kg;

e) In case of pedal assisted vehicle equipped with an auxiliary electric motor, in addition to above,
the thirty minute power of the motor is less than 0 kW, whose output is progressively reduced
and finally cut off as the vehicle reaches a speed of 25 km/hr, or sooner, if the cyclist stops
pedaling”.

Advantages-
Noise less operation.

Cheapest way to travel.

Comfort and safety are really high.

Light weight.

Have cool pickup.

Have big storage (depends upon model but they have comparatively bigger storage then that of petrol
ones)

No licence.

No registration (only if your speed is limited till 35kmph)

No cost service on vehicle. Cause it’s just oiling brakes and cleaning vehicle.

No helmet required (for low speed ones)

Best for age range of 16–60yrs people.

E-bikes

 An electric bicycle, also known as an e-bike or booster bike, is a bicycle with an integrated electric
motor which can be used for propulsion.
 There is a great variety of e-bikes available worldwide, from e-bikes that only have a small motor to
assist the rider’s pedal-power to somewhat more powerful e-bikes which tend closer to moped-style
functionality.

 E-bikes use rechargeable batteries and the lighter varieties can travel up to 25 to 32 km/h (16 to 20
mph), depending on the laws of the country in which they are sold. While the more high-powered
varieties can often do in excess of 45 km/h (28 mph).

There are many types of Electric Bicycles, some are mentioned below

Class 1: Pedal Assist / Pedelec

It is the most common type of electric bicycle. The rider pedals the bike normally while a motor provides
assistance, increasing the power transmitted to the rear wheel and also eases out physical work
required. The pedalling takes far less effort than it normally would, which allows for higher speeds and
effortless climbing over steep hills. Controller and the settings set up cancontrol the amount of
assistance the rider desires, but not above 25 kilometres per hour (kph) orapproximately 15 miles per
hour which is the maximum speed for this class.

Class 2: Throttle

Much like a motorcycle or scooter, a throttle operated electric-bicycle propels the bike forward without
any pedalling required from the rider. Most can provide a variable amount of power depending how on
throttle push. These are much less common than their pedal assist counterparts as many countries have
laws that prohibit them entirely.

Class 3: Speed Pedelec

The design of this vehicle is similar to a standard pedelec but, they allow for a higher maximum speed of
45 kph or approximately 28 mph. In many areas this class of e-bicycle is considered a motor vehicle
requires its riders to be licensed.
USES AND APPLICATION

Electric two are enjoyed by both adults and children as a means of exercise and fun transportation.
Whereas some scooters that are available on the market are designed for manual transportation, in that
users have to push themselves along, electric scooters are motorised, which means that the user can
concentrate better on steering, as well as being able to move more efficiently without working the body
too hard. There are many different types of electric scooter available that can be ridden at different
variants of speed, as well as being able to carry different weights.

MARKET OVERVIEW FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTERS

AND MOTORCYCLES

India electric scooters and motorcycles market size valued at $24 million in 2016, it is expected to grow
at a CAGR of 45% during 2017 – 2025. Electric scooters started commercially selling in India in mid
2000s. However, the sales grew slowly, mainly because of sub-standard products, lack of government
support and high taxes. However, with increasing government support and rising population awareness
electric scooter and motorcycle sales in the country is expected to grow significantly over the forecast
period. The investors interest in this market has increased and start-ups, backed up by leading venture
capitalists have entered into the market. Moreover, leading two-wheeler manufacturers too have
announced their plans to launch electric scooters and motorcycles in coming years.

Electric scooters and motorcycles are similar to the gasoline powered ones, except that they use electric
power (from the battery) to propel the vehicle. Electric scooters and motorcycles are environmentally
friendly as they do not have any tailpipe emissions and are virtually silent. Electric two-wheelers can
manoeuvre through congested streets; can be charged from traditional wall outlets and often have a
removable battery, allowing them to be charged indoors. They are either plug-in or fully battery
operated.

India Electric Scooters and Motorcycles Market – Competitive Landscape

The competition is less with only a few players of players operating in the India electric scooter and
motorcycle industry. Few players closed down their operations in the past due to less sales. Hero-
Electric is a clear market leader accounting for close to three-fourth of sales. However, the competition
is set to increase in the coming years. Start-ups and big automobile manufacturers are expected to
introduce electric two-wheelers in India in the next few years.

Over the last decade, start-ups backed up by big venture capitalists have entered the market. For
instance, Ather Energy, formed in 2013, is funded by Tiger Global Management. Other important players
in the market includes Tork and Electrotherm. Big two-wheeler manufacturers such as Bajaj, Mahindra,
TVS and Hyosung also have plans to launch electric scooters in the next couple of years.

The electric vehicle (EV) market in India has been amped up and has seen a significant growth since past
3-4 years especially in 2 & 3 Wheeler segment. India is the world‘s largest two-wheeler market, and a
leading market for three wheelers — both kinds of vehicles are heavily used for quicker mobility and for
transporting smaller cargo across the country. These two segments offer a huge opportunity for
electrification in India, and are likely to move towards e- mobility faster than four-wheelers. With over
95% of the total EV sales came from 2&3 wheeler segment as on March 2018, the future outlook to
remain strong for these segment affordability and cost of the batteries into the consideration.

MUST BUY FOR

 Automobile OEMs (2W, 3 W & 4 W developers)

 Power distribution companies

 PSUs in Power Generation Business

 IPPs

 Smart Grid & Smart City Operators

 EV Charger Suppliers

 EV Charging Station Set up providers

 EV Manufacturers

 Battery Manufacturing OEMs in India

 Power Project Funding Bodies

 Foreign Collaborating Agencies

 Utility Solar Power Project Developers

 Government & Regulatory Bodies

 Research Institutions/Bodies

 Funding Bodies/Banks

Figure – The analysis scheme for TIS (Bergek et al., 2008)

Future transport solutions

The importance of user participation for innovation development has been confirmed with the E2W
case. Concerning the best choice of transport modes, the most convenient and cheapest option, which
coincidently fits in with the E2W, is still well appreciated by the users. This tends to be a straightforward
explanation of the E2W situation in China.

The legislation has not yet been clearly defined in the E2W system. Based on the result of the analysis of
both FFA-SWOT and TIS, the review and improvement of the legislation for the E2W should be
prioritised to stabilise the market and then also the production chain of the industry. This requires some
efforts to unify the stakeholders within the legal system. The National Standard for E-bikes needs to be
revised considering the contemporary technology and traffic situation at the national level. After the
technical specifications are articulated, the local government will need to integrate the new standard
with the local social environment.

Environmental Impacts of Alternative Modes

The environmental performance of e-bikes relative to other competing modes in the PRC is an important
comparison. E-bikes are more environmentally friendly on almost all metrics than cars or taxis. However,
based on user surveys, most e-bike users would otherwise use other low-cost modes, such as bus or
bicycle. In these cases, e-bikes have comparable or worse environmental performance on some metrics
and better performance on others. E-bike environmental performance relative to bicycle, motorcycle,
bus, and car is analyzed using reports and industrial statistics. The environmental impacts in this analysis
include energy use and emissions of CO2, SO2, PM, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and lead over
the production and use phases of the life cycle. This analysis shows that e-bike emissions, including
material production and vehicle use phases, perform comparably to buses and significantly better than
motorcycles and cars on most environmental metrics.

Regional Emission Rates of Typical Scooter Style Electric Bikes (units at g/100 km except CO2)

Capacity: 60,000 numbers per year Plant and Machinery: Rs. 2 Crores