TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY incorporating
TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology is a combination of two previous Pergamon Journals: Underground Space, the official journal of the American Underground-Space Association, published by Pergamon Press in cooperation with the University of Minnesota from 1975 to 1985 (Volumes 1–10); and Advances in Tunnelling Technology and Subsurface Use, the official journal of the International Tunnelling Association, published by Pergamon Press from 1981 to 1985 (Volumes 1–4). Research and other technical papers are refereed by a panel of experts in the field of tunnelling and underground space technology. Trenchless Technology Research was first published as a supplement to TUST in 1986 as the official journal of the International Society for Trenchless Technology. Research and other related technical papers are refereed by a panel of experts in the field of trenchless technology. TTR was incorporated into TUST in 2002. Editors-in-Chief Wout Broere Associate Editors Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Nikolai Bobylev Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Shu-Cai Li Shandong University, Jinan, China Jianqiang (Jenny) Cui Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia Jamal Rostami Keh-Jian Shou Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC Qianbing Zhang Javier Toraño Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Oviedo University, Asturias, Spain Chung-Sik Yoo Sung Kuyn Kwan University, Seoul, Korea Editorial Board Shinichi Akutagawa Qiuming Gong Daniele Peila Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy Michael Alber China Frederic Pellet Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany Giovanni Grasselli Mines ParisTech, Paris, France Leandro Alejano University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Rafael Rodríguez Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain Alessandro Graziani University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain Samuel Ariaratnam University “Roma Tre”, Asturias, Italy Chris Rogers Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA Youssef Hashash University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Marco Barla University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Federica Sandrone Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy Urbana, Illinois, USA Nuh Bilgin École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laus- Chuan He anne, Switzerland Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey Southwest Jioatong University, Chengdu, Mostafa Sharifzadeh Daniela Boldini China Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin Univer- Hongwei Huang sity, Kalgoorlie, Australia Ming Cai Tongji University, Shanghai, China Alexandros Sofianos Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada Murat Karakus National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Carlos Carranza-Torres University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Aus- Greece University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Min- tralia, Australia nesota, USA Kenichi Soga Yong-Joo Lee Tarcisio Celestino Seoul National University of Science & Tech- University of California, Berkeley, California, USA Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil nology, Seoul, South Korea Raymond Sterling David Chapman Charlie Chunlin Li Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Norwegian University of Science & Technolo- Yiming Sun gy, Trondheim, Norway George Christopoulos McMillen Jacobs Associates, California, USA Jianchun Li Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Markus Thewes Southeast University, Nanjing, China Wan-Ki Chow Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany Xiaozhao Li Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Jay Wang China Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Xiaoli Liu Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA Erik Eberhardt Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Tai-Tien Wang University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Baosong Ma National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Herbert Einstein China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Saffet Yagiz Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam- China Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan bridge, Massachusetts, USA Priscilla Nelson Jian Zhao Robert Galler Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria Bjorn Nilsen Yingxin Zhou R.K. Goel Norwegian University of Science & Technolo- Defence Science and Technology Agency, Singa- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Roorkee, India gy, Trondheim, Norway pore
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